InputFormat是MapReduce中一个很常用的概念,它在程序的运行中到底起到了什么作用呢?
InputFormat其实是一个接口,包含了两个方法:
public interface InputFormat<K, V> {
InputSplit[] getSplits(JobConf job, int numSplits) throws IOException;
RecordReader<K, V> getRecordReader(InputSplit split,
JobConf job,
Reporter reporter) throws IOException;
}
InputSplit[] getSplits(JobConf job, int numSplits) throws IOException;
RecordReader<K, V> getRecordReader(InputSplit split,
JobConf job,
Reporter reporter) throws IOException;
}
这两个方法有分别完成着以下工作:
方法getSplits将输入数据切分成splits,splits的个数即为map tasks的个数,splits的大小默认为块大小,即64M
方法
getSplits将每个s
plit解析成records, 再依次将record解析成<K,V>对
也就是说
InputFormat完成以下工作:
InputFile -->
splits
-->
<K,V>
系统常用的
InputFormat 又有哪些呢?
其中Text
InputFormat便是最常用的,它的
<K,V>就代表
<行偏移,该行内容>
然而系统所提供的这几种固定的将
InputFile转换为
<K,V>的方式有时候并不能满足我们的需求:
此时需要我们自定义
InputFormat ,从而使Hadoop框架按照我们预设的方式来将
InputFile解析为<K,V>
在领会自定义
InputFormat 之前,需要弄懂一下几个抽象类、接口及其之间的关系:
InputFormat(interface), FileInputFormat(abstract class), TextInputFormat(class),
RecordReader
(interface), Line
RecordReader(class)的关系
FileInputFormat implements
InputFormat
TextInputFormat extends
FileInputFormat
TextInputFormat.get
RecordReader calls
Line
RecordReader
Line
RecordReader
implements
RecordReader
对于InputFormat接口,上面已经有详细的描述
再看看
FileInputFormat,它实现了
InputFormat接口中的
getSplits方法,而将
getRecordReader与isSplitable留给具体类(如
TextInputFormat
)实现,
isSplitable方法通常不用修改,所以只需要在自定义的
InputFormat中实现
getRecordReader方法即可,而该方法的核心是调用
Line
RecordReader(即由LineRecorderReader类来实现 "
将每个s
plit解析成records, 再依次将record解析成<K,V>对"
),该方法实现了接口RecordReader
public interface RecordReader<K, V> {
boolean next(K key, V value) throws IOException;K createKey();
V createValue();
long getPos() throws IOException;
public void close() throws IOException;
float getProgress() throws IOException;
}
因此自定义InputFormat的核心是自定义一个实现接口RecordReader类似于LineRecordReader的类,该类的核心也正是重写接口RecordReader中的几大方法,
定义一个InputFormat的核心是定义一个类似于LineRecordReader的,自己的RecordReader
示例,数据每一行为 “物体,x坐标,y坐标,z坐标”
ball 3.5,12.7,9.0
car 15,23.76,42.23
device 0.0,12.4,-67.1
每一行将要被解析为<Text, Point3D>(Point3D是我们在上一篇日志中自定义的数据类型)
方式一,自定义的RecordReader使用中LineRecordReader,
public
class
ObjectPositionInputFormat
extends
FileInputFormat<Text, Point3D> {
public
RecordReader<Text, Point3D>
getRecordReader
(
InputSplit input, JobConf job, Reporter reporter)
throws
IOException {
reporter.setStatus(input.toString());
return
new
ObjPosRecordReader(job, (FileSplit)input);
}
}
class
ObjPosRecordReader
implements
RecordReader<Text, Point3D> {
private
LineRecordReader lineReader;
private
LongWritable lineKey;
private
Text lineValue;
public
ObjPosRecordReader
(JobConf job, FileSplit split)
throws
IOException {
lineReader =
new
LineRecordReader(job, split);
lineKey = lineReader.createKey();
lineValue = lineReader.createValue();
}
public
boolean
next
(Text key, Point3D value)
throws
IOException {
// get the next line
if
(!lineReader.next(lineKey, lineValue)) {
return
false
;
}
// parse the lineValue which is in the format:
// objName, x, y, z
String [] pieces = lineValue.toString().split(
","
);
if
(pieces.length != 4) {
throw
new
IOException(
"Invalid record received");
}
// try to parse floating point components of value
float
fx, fy, fz;
try
{
fx = Float.parseFloat(pieces[1].trim());
fy = Float.parseFloat(pieces[2].trim());
fz = Float.parseFloat(pieces[3].trim());
}
catch
(NumberFormatException nfe) {
throw
new
IOException(
"Error parsing floating point value in record"
);
}
// now that we know we'll succeed, overwrite the output objects
key.set(pieces[0].trim());
// objName is the output key.
value.x = fx;
value.y = fy;
value.z = fz;
return
true
;
}
public
Text
createKey
() {
return
new
Text(
""
);
}
public
Point3D
createValue
() {
return
new
Point3D();
}
public
long
getPos
()
throws
IOException {
return
lineReader.getPos();
}
public
void
close
()
throws
IOException {
lineReader.close();
}
public
float
getProgress
()
throws
IOException {
return
lineReader.getProgress();
}
}
方式二:自定义的RecordReader中使用LineReader,
public class ObjectPositionInputFormat extends FileInputFormat<Text, Point3D> {
@
Override
protected
boolean
isSplitable
(JobContext context, Path filename) {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
return
false
;
}
@
Override
public
RecordReader<Text, Point3D>
createRecordReader
(InputSplit inputsplit,
TaskAttemptContext context)
throws
IOException, InterruptedException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
return
new
objPosRecordReader();
}
public
static
class
objPosRecordReader
extends
RecordReader<Text,Point3D>{
public
LineReader in;
public
Text lineKey;
public
Point3D lineValue;
public
StringTokenizer token=
null
;
public
Text line;
@
Override
public
void
close
()
throws
IOException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
}
@
Override
public
Text
getCurrentKey
()
throws
IOException, InterruptedException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println(
"key"
);
//lineKey.set(token.nextToken());
System.out.println(
"hello"
);
return
lineKey;
}
@
Override
public
Point3D
getCurrentValue
()
throws
IOException,
InterruptedException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
return
lineValue;
}
@
Override
public
float
getProgress
()
throws
IOException, InterruptedException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
return
0;
}
@
Override
public
void
initialize
(InputSplit input, TaskAttemptContext context)
throws
IOException, InterruptedException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
FileSplit split=(FileSplit)input;
Configuration job=context.getConfiguration();
Path file=split.getPath();
FileSystem fs=file.getFileSystem(job);
FSDataInputStream filein=fs.open(file);
in=
new
LineReader(filein,job);
line=
new
Text();
lineKey=
new
Text();
lineValue=
new
Point3D();
}
@
Override
public
boolean
nextKeyValue
()
throws
IOException, InterruptedException {
//
TODO
Auto-generated method stub
int
linesize=in.readLine(line);
if
(linesize==0)
return
false
;
token=
new
StringTokenizer(line.toString());
String []temp=
new
String[2];
if
(token.hasMoreElements()){
temp[0]=token.nextToken();
if
(token.hasMoreElements()){
temp[1]=token.nextToken();
}
}
System.out.println(temp[0]);
System.out.println(temp[1]);
String []points=temp[1].split(
","
);
System.out.println(points[0]);
System.out.println(points[1]);
System.out.println(points[2]);
lineKey.set(temp[0]);
lineValue.set(Float.parseFloat(points[0]),Float.parseFloat(points[1]), Float.parseFloat(points[2]));
System.out.println(
"pp"
);
return
true
;
}
}
}
从以上可以看出,自定义一个InputFormat的核心是定义一个类似于LineRecordReader的,自己的RecordReader,而在其中可能会到LineReader/LineRecordReader/KeyValueLineRecordReader类
因此,要自定义InputFormat,这三个类的源码就必须很熟悉~
转自:http://datamining.xmu.edu.cn/bbs/?91