我是
Linux的新手.任何人可以向我解释我的hello world程序的以下详细模式输出?此外,文件crt1.o,crti.o,crtend.o,crtbegin.o和crtn.o和lc和lgcc会做什么?任何其他解释性的联系也是欢迎的.
$gcc -v hello.c
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/specs
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.3.1
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/cc1 -quiet -v -D__GNUC__=3
-D__GNUC_MINOR__=3 -D__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__=1
hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -auxbase hello -Wall
-version -o /tmp/cceCee26.s
GNU C version 3.3.1 (i686-pc-Linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 3.3.1 (i686-pc-Linux-gnu)
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=51
--param ggc-min-heapsize=40036
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/i686/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/include
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
as -V -Qy -o /tmp/ccQynbTm.o /tmp/cceCee26.s
GNU assembler version 2.12.90.0.1 (i386-Linux)
using BFD version 2.12.90.0.1 20020307 Debian/GNU
Linux
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/collect2
--eh-frame-hdr -m elf_i386 -dynamic-linker
/lib/ld-Linux.so.2 /usr/lib/crt1.o /usr/lib/crti.o
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/crtbegin.o
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/../../.. /tmp/ccQynbTm.o
-lgcc -lgcc_eh -lc -lgcc -lgcc_eh
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/crtend.o
/usr/lib/crtn.o
第一部分是编译器驱动程序的版本和配置数据(这是gcc二进制文件,实际上并不是编译器本身):
Reading specs from /usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/specs
Configured with: ../configure --prefix=/usr
Thread model: posix
gcc version 3.3.1
然后它打印它用来调用真正的编译器的命令cc1:
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/cc1 -quiet -v -D__GNUC__=3
-D__GNUC_MINOR__=3 -D__GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__=1
hello.c -quiet -dumpbase hello.c -auxbase hello -Wall
-version -o /tmp/cceCee26.s
而cc1打印它的版本和配置信息.
GNU C version 3.3.1 (i686-pc-Linux-gnu)
compiled by GNU C version 3.3.1 (i686-pc-Linux-gnu)
GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=51
--param ggc-min-heapsize=40036
那么cc1会告诉你将搜索包含文件的目录.
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/i686/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
/usr/local/include
/usr/include
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/include
/usr/include
End of search list.
编译器现在完成了,所以gcc告诉你将使用的汇编器命令.
as -V -Qy -o /tmp/ccQynbTm.o /tmp/cceCee26.s
而汇编程序就给出了它的版本信息.
GNU assembler version 2.12.90.0.1 (i386-Linux)
using BFD version 2.12.90.0.1 20020307 Debian/GNU
Linux
汇编器现在完成,所以gcc给出了链接器命令.它使用collect2作为真正的链接器ld的中介,但这并不重要.
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/collect2
--eh-frame-hdr -m elf_i386 -dynamic-linker
/lib/ld-Linux.so.2 /usr/lib/crt1.o /usr/lib/crti.o
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/crtbegin.o
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1
-L/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/../../.. /tmp/ccQynbTm.o
-lgcc -lgcc_eh -lc -lgcc -lgcc_eh
/usr/lib/gcc-lib/i686/3.3.1/crtend.o
/usr/lib/crtn.o
链接器不提供详细的输出(尝试-Wl,-v),就是这样.
“crt”文件是指“C RunTime”.它们是在程序开始时插入的小部分代码,最后一节.他们负责初始化全局变量,堆和堆栈.从main返回后,它们调用atexit函数.另外还有一些.
希望有帮助.