java APIs for xml --------SAX Parse and validate

# Java API for XML Processing (JAXP)
# Study Note of JAVA Tutorial

Simple API for XML APIs

java xml parsing tutorial: https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/jaxp/sax/

　　SAX 采用事件模型来解析 XML 文档，是解析 XML 文档的一种更快速、更轻量的方法。 利用 SAX 可以对 XML 文档进行有选择的解析和访问，而不必像 DOM 那样加载整个文档，因此它对内存的要求较低。 但 SAX 对 XML 文档的解析为一次性读取，不创建任何文档对象，很难同时访问文档中的多处数据。

　　SAX 解析器接口和事件处理器接口定义在 org.xml.sax 包中。主要的接口包括 ContentHandler、DTDHandler、EntityResolver 及 ErrorHandler。 其中 ContentHandler 是主要的处理器接口，用于处理基本的文档解析事件；DTDHandler 和 EntityResolver 接口用于处理与 DTD 验证和实体解析相关的事件； ErrorHandler 是基本的错误处理接口。DefaultHandler 类实现了上述四个事件处理接口。下面的例子中 MyXmlHandler 继承了 DefaultHandler 类， 并覆盖了其中的五个回调方法 startDocument()、endDocument()、startElement()、endElement() 及 characters() 以加入自己的事件处理逻辑。

package sax;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Set;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXParseException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class MyXmlHandler extends DefaultHandler{
    /*
     * to implements ContentHandler
     */
    private HashMap<String, Integer> tags;
    private String tag;
    
    // Parser calls this once before parsing a document
    @Override
    public void startDocument() throws SAXException {
        tags = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
        System.out.println("xml sax decoding begin ...");
    }

    /**
     * Start processing of an element.
     * @param namespaceURI  Namespace_URI
     * @param localName  The local name, without prefix
     * @param qName  The qualified name, with prefix
     * @param atts  The attributes of the element
     */
    
    // Parser calls this for each element in a document
    @Override
    public void startElement(String namespaceURI, String localName,
                             String qName, Attributes atts)
    throws SAXException
    {
        String key = qName;
        tag = qName;
        System.out.println("\nanalyse element begin:"+qName);
        Object value = tags.get(key);
        if (value == null) {
            // Add a new entry
            tags.put(key, new Integer(1));
        } else {
            // Get the current count and increment it
            int count = ((Integer)value).intValue();
            count++;
            tags.put(key, new Integer(count));
        }
    }
    @Override
    public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) {
       // Processing character data inside an element
        if (ch != null && start >0 && length >0 ){
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        System.out.println("content begin<"+new String(ch,start,length)+">end");
        System.out.println("+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++");
        }
    }
    
    // Parser calls this for each element in a document
    @Override
    public void endElement(String namespaceURI, String localName, String qName)
       throws SAXException {
        tag = null;
       // End of processing current element
        System.out.println("End analysing element:"+qName+"\n");
    } 

    // Parser calls this once after parsing a document
    @Override
    public void endDocument() throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("xml sax decoding end, decode results are as follow:");
        Set<String> e = tags.keySet();
        for (Iterator<String> iter = e.iterator(); iter.hasNext();) {
            String tag = iter.next();
            int count = ((Integer)tags.get(tag)).intValue();
            System.out.println("Local Name \"" + tag + "\" occurs " + count
                               + " times");
        }
    }
    
    /*
     * to implements Validation && ErrorHandler
     */
    //Returns a string describing parse exception details
    private String getParseExceptionInfo(SAXParseException spe) {
        String systemId = spe.getSystemId();
        if (systemId == null) {
            systemId = "null";
        }
        String info = "URI=" + systemId +
            " Line=" + spe.getLineNumber() +
            ": " + spe.getMessage();
        return info;
    }

    // The following methods are standard SAX ErrorHandler methods.
    @Override
    public void warning(SAXParseException spe) throws SAXException {
        System.out.println("Warning: " + getParseExceptionInfo(spe));
    }
    
    @Override
    public void error(SAXParseException spe) throws SAXException {
        String message = "Error: " + getParseExceptionInfo(spe);
        throw new SAXException(message);
    }

    @Override
    public void fatalError(SAXParseException spe) throws SAXException {
        String message = "Fatal Error: " + getParseExceptionInfo(spe);
        throw new SAXException(message);
    }
}

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SAXParserFactory
    SAXParserFactory类的对象根据不同的参数构建parser类的实例

SAXParser
    SAXParser接口定义了几种parse方法.通常情况下,将一个XML数据源和一个DefaultHander对象解析器传递给parser,parser对象将会处理XML数据和调用DefaultHander中对应的方法

XMLReader
    SAXParser封装了一个XMLReader,可以使用SAXParser的getxmlreader方法来配置它.这里执行了你预先定义的SAX事件处理方法
    
DefaultHandler
    一个defaulthandler实现ContentHandler,ErrorHander,dtdhandler,和entityresolver接口(空的方法),所以你可以只重写那些你感兴趣的方法。

ContentHandler
    当识别xml标签时,方法startDocument, endDocument, startElement,和 endElement将会被调用。当解析器遇到文本XML元素或内联处理指令时，characters()和processinginstruction()将会被调用。

ErrorHander
    默认的错误处理程序将抛出一个异常错误，并忽略其他错误（包括验证错误）.为了确保正确的处理，需要提供自己的错误处理方法。

package sax;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.SAXNotRecognizedException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;

public class saxparser {
    // add for XML schema
    static final String JAXP_SCHEMA_LANGUAGE = "http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaLanguage";
    static final String W3C_XML_SCHEMA = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema";
    static final String JAXP_SCHEMA_SOURCE = "http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/properties/schemaSource";
    public static void main(String[] args) throws SAXException, IOException, ParserConfigurationException{
        /*
         * parameters for parser
         * filename    : XML file name
         * dtdValidate : if true, do DTD validation
         * xsdValidate : if true, do W3C XML Schema validation
         * schemaSource: schema source file
         */
        String filename = "/sandbox/xmltest/book.xml";
        boolean dtdValidate = false;
        boolean xsdValidate = false;
        String schemaSource = null;
        
        SAXParserFactory saxparserfactory = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();        
        /*
         *     Set namespaceAware to true to get a parser that corresponds to
         * the default SAX2 NameSpace feature setting.  This is necessary        
         * because the default value from JAXP 1.0 was defined to be false.
         */
        saxparserfactory.setNamespaceAware(false);
        // Validation part 1: set whether validation is on(true)
        saxparserfactory.setValidating(dtdValidate || xsdValidate);
        
        // Create a JAXP SAXParser
        SAXParser parser = saxparserfactory.newSAXParser();

        // Validation part 2a: set the schema language if necessary
        if (xsdValidate) {
            try {
                parser.setProperty(JAXP_SCHEMA_LANGUAGE, W3C_XML_SCHEMA);
            } catch (SAXNotRecognizedException x) {
                // This can happen if the parser does not support JAXP 1.2
                System.err.println(
                    "Error: JAXP SAXParser property not recognized: "
                    + JAXP_SCHEMA_LANGUAGE);
                System.exit(1);
            }
        }
        
        //Validation part 2b: Set the schema source.
        if (schemaSource != null) {
            parser.setProperty(JAXP_SCHEMA_SOURCE, new File(schemaSource));
        }
        // parse the XML document using xmlHandler
        MyXmlHandler MyHandler = new MyXmlHandler(); 
        // Get the encapsulated SAX XMLReader
        XMLReader xmlReader = parser.getXMLReader();
        // Set the ContentHandler of the XMLReader
        xmlReader.setContentHandler(MyHandler);
        // Set an ErrorHandler before parsing
        xmlReader.setErrorHandler(MyHandler);
        // Tell the XMLReader to parse the XML document
        xmlReader.parse(filename);
    }

}

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 测试XML 文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <books>
   <book id="001">
      <title>Harry Potter</title>
      <author>J K. Rowling</author>
   </book>
   <book id="002">
      <title>Learning XML</title>
      <author>Erik T. Ray</author>
   </book>
 </books>

OUTPUT :

xml sax decoding begin ...

analyse element begin:books
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
   >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

analyse element begin:book
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
      >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

analyse element begin:title
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<Harry Potter>end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:title

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
      >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

analyse element begin:author
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<J K. Rowling>end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:author

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
   >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:book

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
   >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

analyse element begin:book
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
      >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

analyse element begin:title
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<Learning XML>end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:title

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
      >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

analyse element begin:author
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<Erik T. Ray>end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:author

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
   >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:book

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
content begin<
 >end
+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
End analysing element:books

xml sax decoding end, decode results are as follow:
Local Name "books" occurs 1 times
Local Name "author" occurs 2 times
Local Name "book" occurs 2 times
Local Name "title" occurs 2 times

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转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ct-blog/p/5465876.html