配置mysql 透明网关详解_Oracle通过透明网关访问MySQL数据库配置详解

针对Oracle数据库不同实例之间的数据访问，我们可以直接通过dblink访问，如果oracle数据库想访问MySQL/sqlserver等数据库的数据，我们可以通过配置oracle透明网关实现异构数据库dblink访问。

好久没做透明网关的配置了，最近有业务需求，这里将部署过程做个记录，希望对有需要的朋友有所帮助。

一、Oracle数据库通过透明网关访问MySQL数据库环境说明

RHEL6.6  oracle 11.2.0.4

RHEL6.6 MySQL5.7

odbc

二、数据访问流程

oracle——dg4odbc——odbc——mysql

三、Oracle透明网关(MySQL)安装

oracle 11.2.0.4默认安装了odbc透明网关

验证：

[oracle@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs

[oracle@test hs]$ dg4odbc

Oracle Corporation --- FRIDAY    APR 27 2018 10:07:44.375

Heterogeneous Agent Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production  Built with

Oracle Database Gateway for ODBC

##database gateway for odbc  简称  dg4odbc

四、mysql-connector安装

下载：

https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/odbc/

https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/Connector-ODBC/8.0/mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

安装：

[root@test ~]# rpm -ivh mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm

warning: mysql-connector-odbc-8.0.11-1.el6.x86_64.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY

Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]

1:mysql-connector-odbc  ########################################### [100%]

Success: Usage count is 1

Success: Usage count is 1

依赖包安装：

yum install unixODBC*

rpm -qa |grep unixODBC

unixODBC-devel-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64

unixODBC-2.2.14-14.el6.x86_64

五、ODBC配置

[root@test ~]# vi /etc/odbc.ini

[mysql_test]

Description    = ODBC for MySQL

Driver          = /usr/lib64/libmyodbc8w.so

Server          = mysql_ipaddr

Port            = 3306

User            = dbtest

Password        = abcd1234

Database        = test

六、MySQL数据库创建账号、授权并测试连通性

账号创建：

(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:11 2018)[(none)]>create database test;

(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:22 2018)[(none)]>grant all on test.* to dbtest@'%' identified by 'abcd1234';

(root:localhost:Fri Apr 27 10:16:40 2018)[(none)]>flush privileges;

连通性测试：

[root@test ~]# isql mysql_test

+---------------------------------------+

| Connected!                            |

|                                      |

| sql-statement                        |

| help [tablename]                      |

| quit                                  |

|                                      |

+---------------------------------------+

SQL>

七、Oracle数据库相关配置

(1)hs透明网关配置

[oracle@test ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/hs

[oracle@test hs]$ cd admin

[oracle@test admin]$ vi initmysql_test.ora

##HS Configuration

HS_FDS_CONNECT_INFO = mysql_test

HS_FDS_TRACE_LEVEL = debug

HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so

HS_FDS_SUPPORT_STATISTICS=FALSE

HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk

##ODBC Configuration

set ODBCINI=/etc/odbc.ini

##这里配置的是数据库实例名、odbc lib包，oracle数据库字符集、odbc配置文件路径

(2)监听配置

[oracle@test admin]$ vi /U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =

(SID_LIST =

(SID_DESC =

(GLOBAL_DBNAME = dbsid)

(SID_NAME = dbsid)

(ORACLE_HOME=/U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)

)

(SID_DESC=

(SID_NAME=mysql_test)

(ORACLE_HOME=/U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4)

(PROGRAM=dg4odbc)

)

)

LISTENER =

(DESCRIPTION_LIST =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521))

)

)

重启监听

lsnrctl stop

lsnrctl start

(3)tnsname配置

配置tnsname

[oracle@test admin]$ vi /U01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

dbsid_mysql =

(DESCRIPTION =

(ADDRESS_LIST =

(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1 )(PORT = 1521))

)

(CONNECT_DATA =

(SID = mysql_test)

)

(HS = OK)

)

测试tnsname连接

[oracle@test admin]$ tnsping dbsid_mysql

TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.4.0 - Production on 27-APR-2018 12:17:58

Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Used parameter files:

Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias

Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 10.1.1.1)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SID = mysql_test)) (HS = OK))

OK (0 msec)

八、dblink创建以及数据访问测试

SQL>create  PUBLIC DATABASE LINK dlk connect to "dbtest" identified by "abcd1234" using 'dbsid_mysql';

SQL> select * from "t1"@dlk;

id

----------

10

11

SQL> insert into "t1"@dlk values(30);

1 row created.

九、错误信息以及处理方法

(1)错误01

错误信息：

SQL> select * from t1@dlk;

select * from t1@dlk

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-28500: connection from ORACLE to a non-Oracle system returned this message:

ORA-02063: preceding line from DLK

错误原因以及处理方法：hs/admin/init[sid].ora里配置的HS_FDS_SHAREABLE_NAME = /usr/lib64/libodbc.so不正确，应该是odbc的Lib包

(2)错误02

错误信息：

SQL> select * from "t1"@dlk;

select * from "t1"@dlk

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-28500: connection from ORACLE to a non-Oracle system returned this message:

[

错误原因以及处理方法：hs/admin/init[sid].ora里配置的HS_LANGUAGE=AMERICAN_AMERICA.zhs16gbk字符集不正确，应该是oracle数据库字符集

(3)错误03：

错误信息：

SQL> select * from t1@dlk;

select * from t1@dlk

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-00942: table or view does not exist

[MySQL][ODBC 8.0(w) Driver][mysqld-5.7.18-log]Table 'test.T1' doesn't exist

{42S02,NativeErr = 1146}

ORA-02063: preceding 2 lines from DLK

错误原因以及处理方法：执行的查询操作，表名需要带双引号，因为mysql默认表名是区分大小写，而oracle是不区分大小写的 select * from "t1"@dlk;