本文参考Java 爬虫学习(一)关于 HttpClient 发起 Get 、Post 请求(想要了解其详细的 可点击此处)
使用HtttpClient模拟客户端爬取网页数据,总的来说,无非就是三个大步骤:
- 创建HttClient对象(模拟客户端)和设置URI地址
- 发起请求,获取响应(服务器的反应)
- 解析消息的内容(头部,实体等)
依据Maven管理的一个项目结构
log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=DEBUG,A1
log4j.logger.mr.s = DEBUG
log4j.appender.A1=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.A1.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.A1.layout.ConversionPattern=%-d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss,SSS} [%t] [%c]-[%p] %m%n
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pom.xml
<...>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>1.7.25</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
<version>4.4-alpha1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
<artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
<version>4.4-alpha1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
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创建HttpClient对象
创建HttpClient有以下两种方法:
- 创建基本的HttpClient对象(在每次请求的时候,会存在频繁创建和销毁的问题)
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
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- 使用连接池创建HttpClient对象
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建连接池管理器
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
//设置最大连接数
cm.setMaxTotal(100);
//设置每个主机的最大连接数
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(10);
//使用连接池管理池管理器发起请求
doGet(cm);
doGet(cm);
}
private static void doGet(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm){
//设置连接池管理器来创建HttpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.itcast.cn");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try{
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf8");
System.out.println(content.length());
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//这里不能关掉httpclient 这是由管理池管理的
if(response != null){
try {
response.close();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
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创建HttpGet对象完成Get请求
// 方法一 简单地创建
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("https://www.itcast.cn");
//方法二 带参数的创建
URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder("http://yun.itheima.com/search");
uriBuilder.setParameter("key","java");
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uriBuilder.build());
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创建HttpPost完成post请求
//方法一 简单的创建
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("https://www.itcast.cn");
// 方法二 使用表单携带参数来创建
//创建HttpPost对象
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://yun.itheima.com/search");
//声明List集合 封装表单中的参数
List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("key","java"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params,"utf8");
httpPost.setEntity(formEntity);
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配置请求信息(可选)
RequestConfig config = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(1000) //创建连接的最长时间,单位是毫秒
.setConnectionRequestTimeout(500) //设置获取连接的最长时间,单位是毫秒
.setSocketTimeout(10*1000) //设置数据传输的最长时间
.build();
httpGet.setConfig(config);
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一个完整的Demo(使用连接池管理)
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import java.io.IOException;
public class HttpClientPoolTest {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建连接池管理器
PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
//设置最大连接数
cm.setMaxTotal(100);
//设置每个主机的最大连接数
cm.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(10);
//使用连接池管理池管理器发起请求
doGet(cm);
doGet(cm);
}
private static void doGet(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager cm){
//设置连接池管理器来创建HttpClient对象
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(cm).build();
HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://www.itcast.cn");
CloseableHttpResponse response = null;
try{
response = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
if(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 200){
String content = EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(),"utf8");
System.out.println(content.length());
}
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
//这里不能关掉httpclient 这是由管理池管理的
if(response != null){
try {
response.close();
}catch (IOException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
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