1. 将新闻的正文内容保存到文本文件。
content_info['content'] = soup.select('#content')[0].text with open('test.txt', 'a', encoding='UTF-8') as story: story.write(content_info['content'])
2. 将新闻数据结构化为字典的列表:
- 单条新闻的详情-->字典news
def gzcc_content_info(content_url): content_info = {} resp = requests.get(content_url) resp.encoding = 'utf-8' soup = BeautifulSoup(resp.text, 'html.parser') match_str = {'author': '作者:(.*)\s+[审核]?', 'examine': '审核:(.*)\s+[来源]?', 'source': '来源:(.*)\s+[摄影]?', \ 'photography': '摄影:(.*)\s+[点击]'} remarks = soup.select('.show-info')[0].text for i in match_str: if re.match('.*' + match_str[i], remarks): content_info[i] = re.search(match_str[i], remarks).group(1).split("\xa0")[0] else: content_info[i] = " " time = re.search('\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}\s\d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2}', remarks).group() content_info['time'] = datetime.strptime(time, '%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') content_info['title'] = soup.select('.show-title')[0].text content_info['url'] = content_url content_info['clicks'] = gzcc_content_clicks(content_url) return content_info
- 一个列表页所有单条新闻汇总-->列表newsls.append(news)
def gzcc_list_page(page_url): page_news = [] res = requests.get(page_url) res.encoding = 'utf-8' soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser') news_list = soup.select('.news-list')[0] news_point = news_list.select('li') for i in news_point: a = i.select('a')[0]['href'] page_news.append(gzcc_content_info(a)) return page_news
- 所有列表页的所有新闻汇总列表newstotal.extend(newsls)
all_news = [] url = 'http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/' res = requests.get(url) res.encoding = 'utf-8' soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser') n = int(soup.select('#pages')[0].select("a")[-2].text) all_news.extend(gzcc_list_page(url)) for i in range(2, n): all_news.extend(gzcc_list_page('http://news.gzcc.cn/html/xiaoyuanxinwen/{}.html'.format(i)))
3. 安装pandas,用pandas.DataFrame(newstotal),创建一个DataFrame对象df.
df = pandas.DataFrame(all_news)
4. 通过df将提取的数据保存到csv或excel 文件。
df.to_excel('news.xlsx')
5. 用pandas提供的函数和方法进行数据分析:
- 提取包含点击次数、标题、来源的前6行数据
df[['clicks', 'title', 'source']].head(6)
- 提取‘学校综合办’发布的,‘点击次数’超过3000的新闻。
df[(df['clicks'] > 3000) & (df['source'] == '学校综合办')]
- 提取'国际学院'和'学生工作处'发布的新闻。
news_info = ['国际学院', '学生工作处'] df[df['source'].isin(news_info)]