首先,让我们给出享元模式的定义。
享元模式(Flyweight),运用共享技术有效地支持大量细粒度的对象。
享元模式可以避免大量非常相似类的开销。在程序设计中,有时需要生成大量细粒度的类实例来表示数据。如果能发现这些实例除了几个参数外基本上都是相同的,有时就能够受大幅度地减少需要实例化的类数量。如果能把那些参数移到类实例的外面,在方法调用时将它们传递进来,就可以通过共享大幅度地减少单个实例的数目。
下面先给出类结构图。
从图中可以看出,Flyweight执行时所需的状态可能有内部的也可能有外部的,内部状态存储于ConcreteFlyweight对象之中,而外部对象则应该考虑由客户端对象存储或计算,当调用Flyweight对象的操作时,将该状态传递给它。
那么,一般什么情况下使用享元模式呢?如果一个应用程序使用了大量的对象,而大量的这些对象造成了很大的存储开销时就应该考虑使用;还有就是对象的大多数状态可以作为外部状态,如果删除对象的外部状态,那么可以用相对较少的共享对象取代很多组对象,此时可以考虑使用享元模式。不过,享元模式也是有缺陷的,使用享元模式需要维护一个记录了系统已有的所有享元的列表,而这本身需要耗费资源,另外享元模式使得系统更加复杂。为了使对象可以共享,需要将一些状态外部化,这使得程序的逻辑复杂化。因此,应当在有足够多的对象实例可供共享时才值得使用享元模式。
好的,下面给出简单的代码实现。
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Flyweight类接口
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@interface
Flyweight:
NSObject
-(
void
)Operation:(
int
)extrinsicestate;
@end
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Flyweight类实现
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#import "Flyweight.h"
@implementation
Flyweight
-(
void
)Operation:(
int
)extrinsicestate{
return
;
}
@end
|
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ConcreteFlyweight类接口
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#import "Flyweight.h"
@interface
ConcreteFlyweight :Flyweight
@end
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ConcreteFlyweight类实现
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#import "ConcreteFlyweight.h"
@implementation
ConcreteFlyweight
-(
void
)Operation:(
int
)extrinsicestate{
NSLog
(@
"具体Flyweight:%d"
, extrinsicestate);
}
@end
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UnshareConcreteFlyweight类接口
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#import "Flyweight.h"
@interface
UnshareConcreteFlyweight:Flyweight
@end
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UnshareConcreteFlyweight类实现
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#import "UnshareConcreteFlyweight.h"
@implementation
UnshareConcreteFlyweight
-(
void
)Operation:(
int
)extrinsicestate{
NSLog
(@
"不共享的具体Flyweight:%d"
, extrinsicestate);
}
@end
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FlyweightFactory类接口
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
@class
Flyweight;
@class
ConcreteFlyweight;
@interface
FlyweightFactory :
NSObject
{
NSMutableDictionary
*nd;
}
-(Flyweight*)GetFlyweight:(
NSString
*)key;
@end
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FlyweightFactory类实现
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#import "FlyweightFactory.h"
#import "ConcreteFlyweight.h"
@implementation
FlyweightFactory
-(
id
)init{
if
(
self
== [
super
init]) {
nd= [
NSMutableDictionary
dictionary];
[nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@
"X"
];
[nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@
"Y"
];
[nd setObject:[[ConcreteFlyweightalloc]init]forKey:@
"Z"
];
}
return
self
;
}
-(Flyweight*)GetFlyweight:(
NSString
*)key{
return
[nd objectForKey:key];
}
@end
|
-
Main方法调用
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#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "Flyweight.h"
#import "FlyweightFactory.h"
#import "UnshareConcreteFlyweight.h"
int
main (
int
argc,
const
char
* argv[])
{
@autoreleasepool
{
int
extrinsicstate =22;
FlyweightFactory *f = [[FlyweightFactory alloc]init];
Flyweight *fx = [f GetFlyweight:@
"X"
];
[fx Operation:--extrinsicstate];
Flyweight *fy = [f GetFlyweight:@
"Y"
];
[fy Operation:--extrinsicstate];
Flyweight *fz = [f GetFlyweight:@
"Z"
];
[fz Operation:--extrinsicstate];
Flyweight *uf = [[UnshareConcreteFlyweight alloc]init];
[uf Operation:--extrinsicstate];
}
return
0;
|
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