flyweight享元模式

       flyweight享元模式是实现对象的共享，减少重复数据的存储，从而减少内存分配的开销。享元模式融合了工厂模式和单例模式的思想，实际上也可以说享元模式是特殊的工厂模式。
      如果要创建同个对象的n个实例，而通常这n个实例中的m个属性的值大部分或全部是相同的，那么最坏的情况就会有n*m个相同的数据占据了不同的内存空间，如果n*m的值较大的话，就可以考虑flyweight享元模式了。享元模式就把这m个相同的属性提取出来，结合单例模式和工厂模式，来实现相同属性值的实例分配到同一块内存空间（这样就只占用了1*m个内存空间了）。这m个属性通常叫内在信息，而其他会动态变化的信息叫外部信息。
      享元模式的基本架构：

public interface FlyweightIntr {//接口
  public String get();
}
public class FlyweightFactory {//享元工厂
  private HashMap lstFlyweight;
  private static FlyweightFactory factory = new FlyweightFactory();
  private FlyweightFactory() {
    lstFlyweight = new HashMap();
  }
  public synchronized FlyweightIntr getFlyweight(String str) {//根据str获取FlyweightIntr实例
    if (lstFlyweight.get(str) == null) {//如果不存在，则新建
      FlyweightIntr fw = new Flyweight(str);
      lstFlyweight.put(str, fw);
      return fw;
    } else {//如果已经记录了，则获取
      return (FlyweightIntr) lstFlyweight.get(str);
    }
  }
  public static FlyweightFactory getInstance() {//享元工厂
    return factory;
  }
  private class Flyweight implements FlyweightIntr {
    private String str;
    private Flyweight(String str) {
      this.str = str;
    }
    private void set(String str) {
      this.str = str;
    }
    public String get() {
      return str;
    }
  }
public class MyClass {
  String myStr;
  FlyweightIntr obj;
  public MyClass(String myStr, FlyweightIntr fw) {
    this.myStr = myStr;
    obj = fw;
  }
  public void print() {
    System.out.println(myStr+"  "+obj.get());
  }
}
public class Main{
  public static void main(String args[]){
      FlyweightFactory factory = FlyweightFactory.getInstance();
      FlyweightIntr flyweight = factory.getFlyweight("1");
      MyClass myClass = new MyClass("a",flyweight);
      myClass.print();
      flyweight = factory.getFlyweight("1");
      myClass = new MyClass("b",flyweight);
      myClass.print();
      flyweight = factory.getFlyweight("2");
      myClass = new MyClass("c",flyweight);
      myClass.print();
      flyweight = factory.getFlyweight("2");
      myClass = new MyClass("d",flyweight);
      myClass.print();
  }
}

  
利用享元模式的思想，进一步的演化，可以把一些不变的数据，放在外部文件作为模版，以便复用。