C#串口介绍以及简单串口通信程序设计实现
周末,没事干,写个简单的串口通信工具,也算是本周末曾来过,废话不多,直接到主题
串口介绍
串行接口简称串口,也称串行通信接口或串行通讯接口(通常指COM接口),是采用串行通信方式的扩展接口。(至于再详细,自己百度)
串口应用:
工业领域使用较多,比如:数据采集,设备控制等等,好多都是用串口通信来实现!你要是细心的话,你会发现,目前家用国网智能电能表就具备RS485通信总线(串行总线的一种)与RS232可以相互转化(当然一般,非专业的谁也不会闲的蛋疼,趴电表上瞎看,最多也就看看走了多少度电)
RS232 DB9介绍:
1.示意图
2.针脚介绍:
- 载波检测(DCD)
- 接受数据(RXD)
- 发出数据(TXD)
- 数据终端准备好(DTR)
- 信号地线(SG)
- 数据准备好(DSR)
- 请求发送(RTS)
- 清除发送(CTS)
- 振铃指示(RI)
3.实物图:
以下是我购买XX公司的一个usb转串口线:这个头就是一个公头,另一端是一个usb口
笨小孩串口工具运行图:
1.开启程序
2.发送一行字符串HelloBenXH,直接将针脚的发送和接收链接起来就可以测试了(针脚2 接受数据(RXD) 和3 发出数据(TXD))直接链接,
C#代码实现:采用SerialPort
1.实例化一个SerialPort
1 private SerialPort ComDevice = new SerialPort();
2.初始化参数绑定接收数据事件
1 public void init() 2 { 3 btnSend.Enabled = false; 4 cbbComList.Items.AddRange(SerialPort.GetPortNames()); 5 if (cbbComList.Items.Count > 0) 6 { 7 cbbComList.SelectedIndex = 0; 8 } 9 cbbBaudRate.SelectedIndex = 5; 10 cbbDataBits.SelectedIndex = 0; 11 cbbParity.SelectedIndex = 0; 12 cbbStopBits.SelectedIndex = 0; 13 pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red; 14 15 ComDevice.DataReceived += new SerialDataReceivedEventHandler(Com_DataReceived);//绑定事件 16 17 }
3.打开串口button事件
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 打开串口 3 /// </summary> 4 /// <param name="sender"></param> 5 /// <param name="e"></param> 6 private void btnOpen_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 7 { 8 if (cbbComList.Items.Count <= 0) 9 { 10 MessageBox.Show("没有发现串口,请检查线路!"); 11 return; 12 } 13 14 if (ComDevice.IsOpen == false) 15 { 16 ComDevice.PortName = cbbComList.SelectedItem.ToString(); 17 ComDevice.BaudRate = Convert.ToInt32(cbbBaudRate.SelectedItem.ToString()); 18 ComDevice.Parity = (Parity)Convert.ToInt32(cbbParity.SelectedIndex.ToString()); 19 ComDevice.DataBits = Convert.ToInt32(cbbDataBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); 20 ComDevice.StopBits = (StopBits)Convert.ToInt32(cbbStopBits.SelectedItem.ToString()); 21 try 22 { 23 ComDevice.Open(); 24 btnSend.Enabled = true; 25 } 26 catch (Exception ex) 27 { 28 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 29 return; 30 } 31 btnOpen.Text = "关闭串口"; 32 pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.green; 33 } 34 else 35 { 36 try 37 { 38 ComDevice.Close(); 39 btnSend.Enabled = false; 40 } 41 catch (Exception ex) 42 { 43 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 44 } 45 btnOpen.Text = "打开串口"; 46 pictureBox1.BackgroundImage = Properties.Resources.red; 47 } 48 49 cbbComList.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 50 cbbBaudRate.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 51 cbbParity.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 52 cbbDataBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 53 cbbStopBits.Enabled = !ComDevice.IsOpen; 54 }
4.发送数据
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 发送数据 3 /// </summary> 4 /// <param name="sender"></param> 5 /// <param name="data"></param> 6 public bool SendData(byte[] data) 7 { 8 if (ComDevice.IsOpen) 9 { 10 try 11 { 12 ComDevice.Write(data, 0, data.Length);//发送数据 13 return true; 14 } 15 catch (Exception ex) 16 { 17 MessageBox.Show(ex.Message, "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 18 } 19 } 20 else 21 { 22 MessageBox.Show("串口未打开", "错误", MessageBoxButtons.OK, MessageBoxIcon.Error); 23 } 24 return false; 25 } 26 27 /// <summary> 28 /// 发送数据button事件 29 /// </summary> 30 /// <param name="sender"></param> 31 /// <param name="e"></param> 32 private void btnSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 33 { 34 byte[] sendData = null; 35 36 if (rbtnSendHex.Checked) 37 { 38 sendData = strToHexByte(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 39 } 40 else if (rbtnSendASCII.Checked) 41 { 42 sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 43 } 44 else if (rbtnSendUTF8.Checked) 45 { 46 sendData = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 47 } 48 else if (rbtnSendUnicode.Checked) 49 { 50 sendData = Encoding.Unicode.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 51 } 52 else 53 { 54 sendData = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(txtSendData.Text.Trim()); 55 } 56 57 if (this.SendData(sendData))//发送数据成功计数 58 { 59 lblSendCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate 60 { 61 lblSendCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblSendCount.Text) + txtSendData.Text.Length).ToString(); 62 })); 63 } 64 else 65 { 66 67 } 68 69 } 70 71 /// <summary> 72 /// 字符串转换16进制字节数组 73 /// </summary> 74 /// <param name="hexString"></param> 75 /// <returns></returns> 76 private byte[] strToHexByte(string hexString) 77 { 78 hexString = hexString.Replace(" ", ""); 79 if ((hexString.Length % 2) != 0) 80 hexString += " "; 81 byte[] returnBytes = new byte[hexString.Length / 2]; 82 for (int i = 0; i < returnBytes.Length; i++) 83 returnBytes[i] = Convert.ToByte(hexString.Substring(i * 2, 2).Replace(" ",""), 16); 84 return returnBytes; 85 }
5.接收和数据输出
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 接收数据 3 /// </summary> 4 /// <param name="sender"></param> 5 /// <param name="e"></param> 6 private void Com_DataReceived(object sender, SerialDataReceivedEventArgs e) 7 { 8 byte[] ReDatas = new byte[ComDevice.BytesToRead]; 9 ComDevice.Read(ReDatas, 0, ReDatas.Length);//读取数据 10 this.AddData(ReDatas);//输出数据 11 } 12 13 /// <summary> 14 /// 添加数据 15 /// </summary> 16 /// <param name="data">字节数组</param> 17 public void AddData(byte[] data) 18 { 19 if (rbtnHex.Checked) 20 { 21 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(); 22 for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++) 23 { 24 sb.AppendFormat("{0:x2}" + " ", data[i]); 25 } 26 AddContent(sb.ToString().ToUpper()); 27 } 28 else if (rbtnASCII.Checked) 29 { 30 AddContent(new ASCIIEncoding().GetString(data)); 31 } 32 else if (rbtnUTF8.Checked) 33 { 34 AddContent(new UTF8Encoding().GetString(data)); 35 } 36 else if (rbtnUnicode.Checked) 37 { 38 AddContent(new UnicodeEncoding().GetString(data)); 39 } 40 else 41 {} 42 43 lblRevCount.Invoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate 44 { 45 lblRevCount.Text = (int.Parse(lblRevCount.Text) + data.Length).ToString(); 46 })); 47 } 48 49 50 /// <summary> 51 /// 输入到显示区域 52 /// </summary> 53 /// <param name="content"></param> 54 private void AddContent(string content) 55 { 56 this.BeginInvoke(new MethodInvoker(delegate 57 { 58 if(chkAutoLine.Checked && txtShowData.Text.Length>0) 59 { 60 txtShowData.AppendText("\r\n"); 61 } 62 txtShowData.AppendText(content); 63 })); 64 }
6.清空数据区域事件
1 /// <summary> 2 /// 清空接收区 3 /// </summary> 4 /// <param name="sender"></param> 5 /// <param name="e"></param> 6 private void btnClearRev_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 7 { 8 txtShowData.Clear(); 9 } 10 11 /// <summary> 12 /// 清空发送区 13 /// </summary> 14 /// <param name="sender"></param> 15 /// <param name="e"></param> 16 private void btnClearSend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) 17 { 18 txtSendData.Clear(); 19 }
不足之处,还望见谅!