RabbitMQ介绍
RabbitMQ是一个消息代理。它的核心原理非常简单:接收和发送消息。
专有名词
- 生产(Producing)意思就是发送。发送消息的程序就是一个生产者(producer)。我们一般用"P"来表示:
-
队列(queue)就是邮箱的名称。消息通过你的应用程序和RabbitMQ进行传输,它们能够只存储在一个队列(queue)中。 队列(queue)没有任何限制,你要存储多少消息都可以——基本上是一个无限的缓冲。多个生产者(producers)能够把消息发送给同一个队列,同样,多个消费者(consumers)也能攻从一个队列(queue)中获取数据。队列可以化城这样(图上是队列的名称):
-
消费(Consuming)和获取消息是一样的意思。一个消费者(consumer)就是一个等待获取消息的程序。我们把它画作"C":
RabbitMQ安装
1、下载源代码
需要Erlang,访问需要pika
http://www.rabbitmq.com/releases/rabbitmq-server/v3.3.4/
解压mv到指定路径
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# pwd
/data1/guosong/rabbitmq
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# ll
total 36
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 12288 Jun 24 20:02 ebin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 24 20:02 etc
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 24 20:02 include
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 24 20:02 plugins
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 24 20:02 sbin
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Jun 24 20:02 share
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Jul 1 20:08 var
2、设置环境配置文件以及系统配置文件
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# pwd
/data1/guosong/rabbitmq/etc/rabbitmq
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# ll
total 24
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18245 Jul 1 20:06 rabbitmq.config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 204 Jul 1 20:07 rabbitmq-env.conf
http://www.rabbitmq.com/configure.html#configuration-file
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# more rabbitmq-env.conf
#example rabbitmq-env.conf file entries
#Rename the node
NODENAME=rabbit@typhoeus79
#Config file location and new filename bunnies.config
CONFIG_FILE=/data1/guosong/rabbitmq/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq.config
3、修改路径SYS_PREFIX
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# pwd
/data1/guosong/rabbitmq/sbin
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# vim rabbitmq-defaults
只修改SYS_PREFIX
### next line potentially updated in package install steps
SYS_PREFIX=/data1/guosong/rabbitmq
### next line will be updated when generating a standalone release
ERL_DIR=
CLEAN_BOOT_FILE=start_clean
SASL_BOOT_FILE=start_sasl
## Set default values
CONFIG_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq
LOG_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/log/rabbitmq
MNESIA_BASE=${SYS_PREFIX}/var/lib/rabbitmq/mnesia
ENABLED_PLUGINS_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/enabled_plugins
PLUGINS_DIR="${RABBITMQ_HOME}/plugins"
CONF_ENV_FILE=${SYS_PREFIX}/etc/rabbitmq/rabbitmq-env.conf
4、启动
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# ./rabbitmq-server -detached
#以后台模式启动
5、状态查看以及停止
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# ./rabbitmqctl status
Status of node rabbit@typhoeus79 ...
[{pid,4717},
{running_applications,[{rabbit,"RabbitMQ","3.3.4"},
{os_mon,"CPO CXC 138 46","2.2.14"},
{mnesia,"MNESIA CXC 138 12","4.11"},
{xmerl,"XML parser","1.3.6"},
{sasl,"SASL CXC 138 11","2.3.4"},
{stdlib,"ERTS CXC 138 10","1.19.4"},
{kernel,"ERTS CXC 138 10","2.16.4"}]},
{os,{unix,linux}},
{erlang_version,"Erlang R16B03-1 (erts-5.10.4) [source] [64-bit] [smp:8:8] [async-threads:30] [hipe] [kernel-poll:true]\n"},
{memory,[{total,62792432},
{connection_procs,2800},
{queue_procs,5600},
{plugins,0},
{other_proc,13833408},
{mnesia,60272},
{mgmt_db,0},
{msg_index,25432},
{other_ets,763072},
{binary,15432},
{code,16434300},
{atom,602729},
{other_system,31049387}]},
{alarms,[]},
{listeners,[{clustering,25672,"::"},{amqp,5672,"0.0.0.0"}]},
{vm_memory_high_watermark,0.4},
{vm_memory_limit,6676812595},
{disk_free_limit,50000000},
{disk_free,133066321920},
{file_descriptors,[{total_limit,287900},
{total_used,3},
{sockets_limit,259108},
{sockets_used,1}]},
{processes,[{limit,1048576},{used,131}]},
{run_queue,0},
{uptime,21}]
...done.
[root@typhoeus79 sbin]# ./rabbitmqctl stop
Stopping and halting node rabbit@typhoeus79 ...
...done.
5、安装插件
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
The following plugins have been enabled:
mochiweb
webmachine
rabbitmq_web_dispatch
amqp_client
rabbitmq_management_agent
rabbitmq_management
Plugin configuration has changed. Restart RabbitMQ for changes to take effect.
查看所有插件
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmq-plugins list
[e] amqp_client 3.3.4
[ ] cowboy 0.5.0-rmq3.3.4-git4b93c2d
[ ] eldap 3.3.4-gite309de4
[e] mochiweb 2.7.0-rmq3.3.4-git680dba8
[ ] rabbitmq_amqp1_0 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_backend_ldap 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_auth_mechanism_ssl 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_consistent_hash_exchange 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_federation 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_federation_management 3.3.4
[E] rabbitmq_management 3.3.4
[e] rabbitmq_management_agent 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_management_visualiser 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_mqtt 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_shovel 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_shovel_management 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_stomp 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_test 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_tracing 3.3.4
[e] rabbitmq_web_dispatch 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp 3.3.4
[ ] rabbitmq_web_stomp_examples 3.3.4
[ ] sockjs 0.3.4-rmq3.3.4-git3132eb9
[e] webmachine 1.10.3-rmq3.3.4-gite9359c7
查看15672端口是否存在
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# lsof -i:15672
COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE NODE NAME
beam.smp 7743 root 17u IPv4 1717284623 TCP *:15672 (LISTEN)
6、界面查看
使用guest用户,默认只支持localhost访问
如果需要远程访问的话,需要重新创建用户,否则访问失败
#创建用户与密码
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl add_user guosong 123456
Creating user "guosong" ...
...done.
#为用户设置权限
set_permissions [-p <vhostpath>] <user> <conf> <write> <read>
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl set_permissions -p "/" guosong ".*" ".*" ".*"
Setting permissions for user "guosong" in vhost "/" ...
...done.
#查看用户权限
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_user_permissions guosong
Listing permissions for user "guosong" ...
/ .* .* .*
...done.
#查看现有用户
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users ...
guest [administrator]
guosong []
...done.
#设置用户为管理员
set_user_tags <username> <tag> ...
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl set_user_tags guosong administrator
Listing users ...
guest [administrator]
guosong [administrator]
...done.
#查看用户权限
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users ...
guest [administrator]
guosong [administrator]
...done.
#删除默认用户
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl delete_user guest
Deleting user "guest" ...
...done.
[root@typhoeus79 rabbitmq]# rabbitmqctl list_users
Listing users ...
guosong [administrator]
...done.
远程访问成功:
例子1:生产者和消费者
消息的产生者send.py
guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ more send.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
#-*- coding:utf8 -*-
import pika
def send():
try:
pika.connection.Parameters.DEFAULT_HOST='localhost'
#连接队列
para = pika.connection.Parameters()
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(para)
channel = connection.channel()
#创建一个名伪hello的队列,然后把消息发送到这个队列中
#如果把消息发送到一个不存在的队列,RabbitMQ会把这个消息丢弃
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
#发送第一条消息,只包含一个Hello World字符串,发送到hello队列中
#在RabbitMQ中,消息不能直接发送到队列,需要发送交换器exchange中
#exchange使用默认值,一个空字符串
#routing_key参数指定伪队列的名称
channel.basic_publish(exchange='',routing_key='hello',body='Hello World!')
print "[x] Send 'Hello World!'"
connection.close()
except Exception,e:
print "Error=%s" % str(e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
send()
存在的问题是:
guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ ./send.py
[x] Send 'Hello World!'
No handlers could be found for logger "pika.adapters.base_connection"
#原因待查,百度没有搜到,google被墙了
解决方案:
添加如下代码
import logging
logging.basicConfig(format='%(levelname)s:%(message)s', level=logging.CRITICAL)
消息的消费者 receive.py
guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ more receive.py
#!/usr/bin/env python2.7
#-*-coding:utf8 -*-
import pika
def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
"""对于消息的处理,需要定义一个回调函数
当获取到消息的时候,pika库就会调用这个回调函数
本例子就只是将内容打印到屏幕上
"""
print " [x] Received %r" % (body,)
def receive():
try:
#连接RabbitMQ服务器
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(host='localhost'))
channel = connection.channel()
#queue_declare创建一个队列,可以运行很多次,但是只有一个队列会创建
#如果确定队列是已经存在的话,可以不这么做,前提是send.py先运行已经产生这个队列
#如果并不确定哪个程序先运行,这种情况的话在程序中重复声明是好的做法
channel.queue_declare(queue='hello')
print "[*]Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C"
#告诉RabbitMQ这个回调函数将会从hello队列中接收消息
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue='hello',no_ack=True)
#输入一个无限循环来等待消息数据并运行回调函数
channel.start_consuming()
except Exception,e:
print "Exception:%s" % str(e)
if __name__ == '__main__':
try:
receive()
except KeyboardInterrupt,e:
print "Quit"
运行结果:
guosong@guosong:~/code/rabbitmq$ ./receive.py
[*]Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
[x] Received 'Hello World!'
^CQuit
参考链接
http://www.cnblogs.com/chinaboard/p/3819533.html
http://www.rabbitmq.com/install-generic-unix.html
http://adamlu.net/rabbitmq/tutorial-one-python