1. 获取环境变量
System.getenv("PATH");
System.getenv("JAVA_HOME");
2.获取系统属性
System.getProperty("pencil color"); // 得到属性值
java -Dpencil color=green
System.getProperty("java.specifi.cation.version"); // 得到Java版本号
Properties p = Systemget.Properties(); // 得到所有属性值
p.list(System.out);
3、类型转换
// 数字与对象之间互相转换 - Integer转int Integer.intValue(); // 浮点数的舍入 Math.round() // 数字格式化 Number.Format // 整数 -> 二进制字符串 toBinaryString() 或valueOf() // 整数 -> 八进制字符串 toOctalString() // 整数 -> 十六进制字符串 toHexString() // 数字格式化为罗马数字 RomanNumber.Format() // 随机数 Random r = new Random(); r.nextDouble(); r.nextInt();
4. 日期和时间
// 查看当前日期 Date today = new Date(); Calendar.getInstance().getTime(); // 格式化默认区域日期输出 DateFormat df = DateFormat.getInstance(); df.format(today); // 格式化制定区域日期输出 DateFormat df_cn = DateFormat.getDateInstance(DateFormat.FULL, Locale.CHINA); String now = df_cn.format(today); // 按要求格式打印日期 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"); sdf.format(today); // 设置具体日期 GregorianCalendar d1 = new GregorianCalendar(2009, 05, 06); // 6月6日 GregorianCalendar d2 = new GregorianCalendar(); // 今天 Calendar d3 = Calendar.getInstance(); // 今天 d1.getTime(); // Calendar或GregorianCalendar转成Date格式 d3.set(Calendar.YEAR, 1999); d3.set(Calendar.MONTH, Calendar.APRIL); d3.set(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 12); // 字符串转日期 SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss"); Date now = sdf.parse(String); // 日期加减 Date now = new Date(); long t = now.getTime(); t += 700*24*60*60*1000; Date then = new Date(t); Calendar now = Calendar.getInstance(); now.add(Calendar.YEAR, -2); // 计算日期间隔(转换成long来计算) today.getTime() - old.getTime(); // 比较日期 Date 类型，就使用equals(), before(), after()来计算 long类型，就使用==, <, >来计算 // 第几日 使用 Calendar的get()方法 Calendar c = Calendar.getInstance(); c.get(Calendar.YEAR); // 记录耗时 long start = System.currentTimeMillis(); long end = System.currentTimeMillis(); long elapsed = end - start; System.nanoTime(); //毫秒 // 长整形转换成秒 Double.toString(t/1000D);
5. 结构化数据
// 数组拷贝 System.arrayCopy(oldArray, 0, newArray, 0, oldArray.length); // ArrayList add(Object o) // 在末尾添加给定元素 add(int i, Object o) // 在指定位置插入给定元素 clear() // 从集合中删除全部元素 Contains(Object o) // 如果Vector包含给定元素，返回真值 get(int i) // 返回 指定位置的对象句柄 indexOf(Object o) // 如果找到给定对象，则返回其索引值；否则，返回-1 remove(Object o) // 根据引用删除对象 remove(int i) // 根据 位置删除对象 toArray() // 返回包含集合对象的数组 // Iterator List list = new ArrayList(); Iterator it = list.iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) Object o = it.next(); // 链表 LinkedList list = new LinkedList(); ListIterator it = list.listIterator(); while (it.hasNext()) Object o = it.next(); // HashMap HashMap<String, String> hm = new HashMap<String, String>(); hmget(key); // 通过key得到value hmput("No1", "Hexinyu"); hmput("No2", "Sean"); // 方法1: 获取全部键值 Iterator<String> it = hm.values().iterator(); while (it.hasNext()) { String myKey = it.next(); String myValue = hm.get(myKey); } // 方法2: 获取全部键值 for (String key : hm.keySet()) { String myKey = key; String myValue = hm.get(myKey); } // Preferences - 与系统相关的用户设置，类似名-值对 Preferences prefs = PreferencesuserNodeForPackage(ArrayDemo.class); String text = prefs.get("textFontName", "lucida-bright"); String display = prefs.get("displayFontName", "lucida-balckletter"); System.out.println(text); System.out.println(display); // 用户设置了新值，存储回去 prefs.put("textFontName", "new-bright"); prefs.put("displayFontName", "new-balckletter"); // Properties - 类似名-值对，key和value之间，可以用"="，":"或空格分隔，用"#" 和"!"注释 InputStream in = MediationServerclass.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("msconfigproperties"); Properties prop = new Properties(); prop.load(in); in.close(); prop.setProperty(key, value); prop.getProperty(key); // 排序 1 数组：Arrays.sort(strings); 2 List：Collectionssort(list); 3 自定义类：class SubComp implements Comparator 然 后使用Arrays.sort(strings, new SubComp()) // 两个接口 1 java.lang.Comparable: 提供对象的自然排序，内置于类中 int compareTo(Object o); boolean equals(Object o2); 2 java.util.Comparator: 提供特定的比较方法 int compare(Object o1, Object o2) // 避免重复排序，可以使用TreeMap TreeMap sorted = new TreeMap(unsortedHashMap); // 排除重复元素 Hashset hs - new HashSet(); // 搜索对象 binarySearch(): 快 速查询 - Arrays, Collections contains(): 线型搜 索 - ArrayList, HashSet, Hashtable, linkedList, Properties, Vector containsKey(): 检 查集合对象是否包含给定 - HashMap, Hashtable, Properties, TreeMap containsValue(): 主 键(或给定值) - HashMap, Hashtable, Properties, TreeMap indexOf(): 若 找到给定对象，返回其位置 - ArrayList, linkedList, List, Stack, Vector search(): 线 型搜素 - Stack // 集合转数组 toArray(); // 集合总结 Collection: Set - HashSet, TreeSet Collection: List - ArrayList, Vector, LinkedList Map: HashMap, HashTable, TreeMap
6.泛型与foreach
// 泛型 List<String> myList = new ArrayList<String>(); // foreach for (String s : myList) { System.out.println(s); }
7.面向对象
// toString()格式化 public class ToStringWith { int x, y; public ToStringWith(int anX, int aY) { x = anX; y = aY; } public String toString() { return "ToStringWith[" + x + "," + y + "]"; } public static void main(String[] args) { System.out.println(new ToStringWith(43, 78)); } } // 覆盖equals方法 public boolean equals(Object o) { if (o == this) // 优化 return true; if (!(o instanceof EqualsDemo)) // 可投射到这个类 return false; EqualsDemo other = (EqualsDemo)o; // 类型转换 if (int1 != otherint1) // 按字段比较 return false; if (!obj1equals(otherobj1)) return false; return true; } // 覆盖hashcode方法 private volatile int hashCode = 0; //延迟初始化 public int hashCode() { if (hashCode == 0) { int result = 17; result = 37 * result + areaCode; } return hashCode; } // Clone方法 // 要 克隆对象，必须先做两步: 1 覆盖对象的clone()方法; 2 实现空的Cloneable接口 public class Clone1 implements Cloneable { public Object clone() { return super.clone(); } } // Finalize方法 Object f = new Object() { public void finalize() { System.out.println("Running finalize()"); } }; Runtime.getRuntime()addShutdownHook(new Thread() { public void run() { System.out.println("Running Shutdown Hook"); } }); 在 调用System.exit(0);的时候，这两个方法将被执行 // Singleton模式 // 实现1 public class MySingleton() { public static final MySingleton INSTANCE = new MySingleton(); private MySingleton() {} } // 实现2 public class MySingleton() { public static MySingleton instance = new MySingleton(); private MySingleton() {} public static MySingleton getInstance() { return instance; } } // 自定义异常 Exception: 编 译时检查 RuntimeException: 运行时检查 public class MyException extends RuntimeException { public MyException() { super(); } public MyException(String msg) { super(msg); } }
8.输入和输出
// Stream, Reader, Writer Stream: 处 理字节流 Reader/Writer: 处理字符，通用Unicode // 从标准输入设备读数据 1 用System.in的BufferedInputStream()读取字节 int b = System.in.read(); System.out.println("Read data: " + (char)b); // 强 制转换为字符 2 BufferedReader 读取文本 如果从Stream转成Reader，使用 InputStreamReader类 BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(Systemin)); String inputLine; while ((inputLine = is.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(inputLine); int val = Integer.parseInt(inputLine); // 如果inputLine为整数 } isclose(); // 向标准输出设备写数据 1 用System.out的println()打印数据 2 用PrintWriter打印 PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(Systemout); pw.println("The answer is " + myAnswer + " at this time"); // Formatter类 格 式化打印内容 Formatter fmtr = new Formatter(); fmtr.format("%1$04d - the year of %2$f", 1951, MathPI); 或 者System.out.printf();或者System.out.format(); // 原始扫描 void doFile(Reader is) { int c; while ((c = is.read()) != -1) { System.out.println((char)c); } } // Scanner扫描 Scanner 可以读取File, InputStream, String, Readable try { Scanner scan = new Scanner(new File("atxt")); while (scan.hasNext()) { String s = scan.next(); } } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } // 读取文件 BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new FileReader("myFiletxt")); BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("bytesbat")); is.close(); bo.sclose(); // 复制文件 BufferedIutputStream is = new BufferedIutputStream(new FileIutputStream("oldFiletxt")); BufferedOutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("newFiletxt")); int b; while ((b = is.read()) != -1) { os.write(b); } is.close(); os.close(); // 文件读入字符串 StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer(); char[] b = new char[8192]; int n; // 读一个块，如果有字符，加入缓冲区 while ((n = is.read(b)) > 0) { sb.append(b, 0, n); } return sb.toString(); // 重定向标准流 String logfile = "errorlog"; System.setErr(new PrintStream(new FileOutputStream(logfile))); // 读写不同字符集文本 BufferedReader chinese = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("chinesetxt"), "ISO8859_1")); PrintWriter standard = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream("standardtxt"), "UTF-8")); // 读取二进制数据 DataOutputStream os = new DataOutputStream(new FileOutputStream("atxt")); os.writeInt(i); os.writeDouble(d); os.close(); // 从指定位置读数据 RandomAccessFile raf = new RandomAccessFile(fileName, "r"); // r表示已 只读打开 raf.seek(15); // 从15开始读 raf.readInt(); raf.radLine(); // 串行化对象 对象串 行化，必须实现Serializable接口 // 保存 数据到磁盘 ObjectOutputStream os = new ObjectOutputStream(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILENAME))); os.writeObject(serialObject); os.close(); // 读出数据 ObjectInputStream is = new ObjectInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILENAME)); is.readObject(); isclose(); // 读写Jar或Zip文档 ZipFile zippy = new ZipFile("ajar"); Enumeration all = zippyentries(); // 枚举值列出所有文件清单 while (all.hasMoreElements()) { ZipEntry entry = (ZipEntry)allnextElement(); if (entry.isFile()) println("Directory: " + entry.getName()); // 读写文件 FileOutputStream os = new FileOutputStream(entry.getName()); InputStream is = zippygetInputStream(entry); int n = 0; byte[] b = new byte[8092]; while ((n = is.read(b)) > 0) { os.write(b, 0, n); is.close(); os.close(); } } // 读写gzip文档 FileInputStream fin = new FileInputStream(FILENAME); GZIPInputStream gzis = new GZIPInputStream(fin); InputStreamReader xover = new InputStreamReader(gzis); BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(xover); String line; while ((line = is.readLine()) != null) System.out.println("Read: " + line);
9.目录和文件操作
// 获取文件信息 exists(): 如 果文件存在，返回true getCanonicalPath(): 获 取全名 getName(): 文件名 getParent(): 父 目录 canRead(): 如果文件可读，返回true canWrite(): 如 果文件可写，返回true lastModified(): 文 件更新时间 length(): 文件大小 isFile(): 如 果是文件，返回true ifDirectory(): 如 果是目录，返回true 要 调用文件的这些方法，必须 File f = new File(fileName); // 创建文件 File f = new File("c:\\test\\mytesttxt"); f.createNewFile(); // 创建mytesttxt文件到test目录下 // 修改文件名 File f = new File("c:\\test\\mytesttxt"); f.renameTo(new File("c:\\test\\googletxt")); 把 mytest.txt修改成google.txt // 删除文件 File f = new File("c:\\test\\mytesttxt"); f.delete(); // 临时文件 File f = new File("C:\\test"); // 指定一个文件夹 // 在test文件夹中创建foo前缀，tmp后缀的临时文件 File tmp = FilecreateTempFile("foo", "tmp", f); tmp.deleteOnExit(); // 在程序结束时删除该临时文件 // 更改文件属性 setReadOnly(): 设 置为只读 setlastModified(): 设置最后更改时间 // 列出当前文件夹的文件列表 String[] dir = new javaioFile("")list(); java.util.Arrays.sort(dir); for (int i = 0; i < dir.length; i++) { System.out.println(dir[i]); } // 过滤文件列表 class OnlyJava implements FilenameFilter { public boolean accept(File dir, String s) { if (sendsWith("java") || sendsWith("class") || sendsWith("jar")) return true; } } // 获取根目录 File[] rootDir = FilelistRoots(); for (int i = 0; i < rootDir.length; i++) { System.out.println(rootDir[i]); } // 创建新目录 new File("/home/ian/bin").mkdir(); // 如果"/home/ian"存在，则可以创建bin目录 new File("/home/ian/bin").mkdirs(); // 如果"/home/ian"不存在，会创建所有的目录
10. 国际化和本地化
// I18N资源 ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundlegetBundle("Menus"); String label = rb.getString("exitlabel"); // ResourceBundle相当于名值对，获取Menus按钮的区域属性 Menus_cnproperties: 不 同区域的属性文件 // 列出有效区域 Locale[] list = Locale.getAvailableLocales()； // 指定区域 Locale cnLocale = Locale.CHINA; // 设置默认区域 Locale.setDefault(Locale.CHINA); // 格式化消息 public class MessageFormatDemo { static Object[] data = { new javautilDate(), "myfiletxt", "could nto be opened" }; public static void main(String[] args) { String result = MessageFormat.format("At {0,time} on {0,date}, {1} {2}", data); System.out.println(result); } } 输 出: At 10:10:08 on 2009-6-18, myfiletxt could nto be opened // 从资源文件中读消息 Widgetsproperties 在com.sean.cook.chap11下 ResourceBundle rb = ResourceBundlegetBundle("com.sean.cook.chap11.Widgets"); String propt = rb.getString("file.dialog.scant.open.string"); String result = MessageFormat.format(rb.getString("file.dialog.scant.open.format"), data);
11.网络客户端
// 访问服务器 Socket socket = new Socket("127001", 8080); // todo something socket.close(); // 查找网络地址 InetAddressgetByName(hostName).getHostAddress()); // 根据主机名得到IP地址 InetAddressgetByName(ipAddr).getHostName()); // 根据IP地址得到主机名 // 连接具体异常 UnknownHostException NoRouteToHostException ConnectException // Socket读写文本数据 BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream())); String remoteTime = in.readline(); PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), true); out.print("send message to client \r\n"); out.flush(); // Socket读写二进制数据 DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream())); long remoteTime = (long)(in.readUnsignedByte() << 24); DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream(), true); // Socket读写串行化数据 ObjectInputStream in = new ObjectInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream())); Object o = in.readObject(); if (o instanceof Date) // 验证对象类型 ObjectOutputStream out = new ObjectOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream(), true); // UDP数据报 private final static int PACKET_SIZE = 1024; String host = "EV001B389673DE"; InetAddress serverAddr = InetAddressgetByName(host); DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(); byte[] buffer = new byte[PACKET_SIZE]; // 分配数据缓冲空间 DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, PACKET_SIZE, serverAddr, 8080); packet.setLength(PACKET_SIZE-1); // 设置数据长度 socket.send(packet); socket.receive(packet); // 接收数据
12.服务器端: Socket
// 创建ServerSocket ServerSocket serverSocket; Socket clientSocket; serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999); while ((clientSocket = serverSocket.accept()) != null) { System.out.println("Accept from client " + s.getInetAddress()); sclose(); } // 监听内部网 public static final short PORT = 9999; public static final String INSIDE_HOST = "acmewidgets-inside"; // 网络接口名 public static final int BACKLOG = 10; // 待发数 serverSocket = new ServerSocket(PORT, BACKLOG, InetAddress.getByName(INSIDE_HOST)); // 返回相应对象 ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);; Socket clientSocket; BufferedReader in = null; PrintWriter out = null; while (true) { clientSocket = serverSocket.accept(); in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(clientSocket.getInputStream(), "8859_1")); out = new PrintWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), "8859_1"), true); String echoLine; while ((echoLine = in.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println("Read " + echoLine); out.print(echoLine + "\r\n"); } } 以 上例子返回字符串，如果返回二进制，则使用DataOutputStream；返回对象，使用ObjectOutputStream // 处理多客户端 需要 把接收数据的处理放入多线程中 public class EchoServerThreaded { public static final int ECHOPORT = 7; public static final int NUM_THREADS = 4; public static void main(String[] av) { new EchoServerThreaded(ECHOPORT, NUM_THREADS); } public EchoServerThreaded2(int port, int numThreads) { ServerSocket servSock; Socket clientSocket; try { servSock = new ServerSocket(ECHOPORT); } catch(IOException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Could not create ServerSocket " + e); } for (int i = 0; i < numThreads; i++) { new Handler(servSock, i)start(); } } } class Handler extends Thread { ServerSocket servSock; int threadNumber; Handler(ServerSocket s, int i) { super(); servSock = s; threadNumber = i; setName("Thread " + threadNumber); } public void run() { while (true) { try { System.out.println(getName() + " waiting"); Socket clientSocket; synchronized (servSock) { clientSocket = servSockaccept(); } System.out.println(getName() + " starting, IP=" + clientSocket.getInetAddress()); BufferedReader is = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader( clientSocket.getInputStream())); PrintStream os = new PrintStream(clientSocket.getOutputStream(), true); String line; while ((line = is.readLine()) != null) { os.print(line + "\r\n"); os.flush(); } System.out.println(getName() + " ENDED "); clientSocket.close(); } catch (IOException ex) { System.out.println(getName() + ": IO Error on socket " + ex); return; } } } } // 使用SSL和JSSE保护Web服务器 SSLServerSocketFactory ssf = (SSLServerSocketFactory)SSLServerSocketFactorygetDefault()； ServerSocket serverSocket = ssf.createServerSocket(8080); // Log4j Level 级别: DEBUG < INFO < WARN < ERROR < FATAL < OFF Appender: 输 出信息 ConsoleAppender: 输出控制台 Systemout // 找到网络接口 Enumeration list = NetworkInterfacegetNetworkInterfaces(); while (listhasMoreElements()) { NetworkInterface iface = (NetworkInterface)listnextElement(); System.out.println(iface.getDisplayName()); Enumeration addrs = iface.getInetAddresses(); while (addrshasMoreElements()) { InetAddress addr = (InetAddress)addrsnextElement(); System.out.println(addr); } }
13.Java Mail
// 发送Mail protected String msgRecIp = "hxydream@163com"; protected String msgSubject = "babytree"; protected String msgCc = "nobody@erewhoncom"; protected String msgBody = "test body"; protected Session session; protected Message msg; public void doSend() { // 创建属性文件 Properties props = new Properties(); props.put("mailsmtphost", "mailhost"); // 创建Session对象 session = Session.getDefaultInstance(props, null); session.setDebug(true); msg = new MimeMessage(session); // 创建邮件 msg.setFrom(new InternetAddress("nobody@hostdomain")); InternetAddress toAddr = new InternetAddress(msgRecIp); msg.addRecipient(MessageRecipientTypeTO, toAddr); InternetAddress ccAddr = new InternetAddress(msgCc); msg.addRecipient(MessageRecipientTypeCC, ccAddr); msg.setSubject(msgSubject); msg.setText(msgBody); Transportsend(msg); } // 发送MIME邮件 Multipart mp = new MimeMultipart(); BodyPart textPart = new MimeBodyPart(); textPart.setText(message_body); // 设置类型"text/plain" BodyPart pixPart = new MimeBodyPart(); pixPart.setContent(html_data, "text/html"); mp.addBodyPart(textPart); mp.addBodyPart(pixPart); mesgsetContent(mp); Transportsend(mesg); // 读Mail Store store = sessiongetStore(protocol); store.connect(host, user, password); Folder rf; rf = store.getFolder(root); rf = store.getDefaultFolder(); rf.open(FolderREAD_WRITE);
14.数据库访问
// JDO Properties p = new Properties(); p.load(new FileInputStream("jdoproperties")); PersistenceManagerFactory pmf = JDOHelpergetPersistenceManagerFactory(p); PersistenceManager pm = pmfgetPersistenceManager(); // 提交数据 pm.currentTransaction()begin(); if (o instanceof Collection) { pm.makePersistentAll((Collection) o); } else { pm.makePersistent(o); } pm.currentTransaction()commit(); pm.close(); // 取出数据 Object[] data = new Object[3]; pm.retrieveAll(data); for (int i = 0; i < datalength; i++) { System.out.println(data[i]); } pm.close(); // 数据操作 Class clz = ClassforName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver"); String dbUrl = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@192168023:1521#:nms"; Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(dbUrl, "su", "1234"); Statement stmt = conn.createStatement(); ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery("select * from pmtable"); while (rs.next()) { String name = rs.getString(1); String otherName = rs.getString("name"); } // 使用PreparedStatement提高性能，除了查询，都使用executeUpdate执行操作 PreparedStatement pstmt = conn.prepareStatement("select * from pmtable where name = ?"); pstmt.setString(1, "sean"); ResultSet rs = pstmt.executeQuery(); // 调用存储过程 CallableStatement cs = conn.prepareCall("{ call ListDefunctUsers }"); ResultSet rs = cs.executeQuery(); // 显示数据库表信息 DatabaseMetaData meta = conngetMetaData(); meta.getDatabaseProductName(); meta.getDatabaseProductVersion(); meta.getDefaultTransactionIsolation();
15. XML
SAX: 在读取文档提取相应的标记事件(元素起始、元素结束、文档起始)
DOM: 在内存中构造与文档中元素相应的树，可以遍历、搜索、修改
DTD: 验证文档是否正确
JAXP: 用于XML处理的Java API
Castor: 开源项目，用于Java对象与XML映射
// 从对象中生成XML private final static String FILENAME = "serialxml"; public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException { String a = "hard work and best callback"; new SerialDemoXML().write(a); new SerialDemoXML().dump(); } public void write(Object obj) throws IOException { XMLEncoder os = new XMLEncoder(new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(FILENAME))); os.writeObject(obj); os.close(); } public void dump() throws IOException { XMLDecoder out = new XMLDecoder(new BufferedInputStream(new FileInputStream(FILENAME))); System.out.println(outreadObject()); out.close(); } serialxml 格式内容如下: <?xml version="10" encoding="UTF-8"?> <java version="160_02" class="javabeansXMLDecoder"> <string>hard work and best callback</string> </java> 控 制台输出 hard work and best callback // XSLT转换XML XSLT 可以用来对输出格式进行各种控制 Transformer tx = TransformerFactory.newInstance().newTransformer(new StreamSource("peoplexml")); tx.transform(new StreamSource("peoplexml"), new StreamResult("peoplehtml")); // 用SAX解析XML - 主要用于查找关键元素，不用全文遍历 public SaxLister() throws SAXException, IOException { XMLReader parser = XMLReaderFactorycreateXMLReader("orgapachexercesparsersSAXParser"); parser.setContentHandler(new PeopleHandler()); parser.parse("C:\\StudySource\\javacooksrc2\\xml\\peoplexml"); } class PeopleHandler extends DefaultHandler { boolean parent = false; boolean kids = false; public void startElement(String nsURI, String localName, String rawName, Attributes attr) throws SAXException { System.out.println("startElement: " + localName + "," + rawName); if (rawName.equalsIgnoreCase("name")) parent = true; if (rawName.equalsIgnoreCase("children")) kids = true; } public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length) { if (parent) { System.out.println("Parent: " + new String(ch, start, length)); parent = false; } else if (kids) { System.out.println("Children: " + new String(ch, start, length)); kids = false; } } public PeopleHandler() throws SAXException { super(); } } // DOM解析XML - 遍历整个树 String uri = "file:" + new File("C:\\StudySource\\javacooksrc2\\xml\\peoplexml").getAbsolutePath(); DocumentBuilderFactory factory = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder builder = factory.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = builder.parse(uri); NodeList nodes = doc.getChildNodes(); for (int i = 0; i < nodes.getLength(); i++) { Node n = nodes.item(i); switch (n.getNodeType()) { case NodeELEMENT_NODE: // todo break; case NodeTEXT_NODE: // todo break; } } // 使用DTD或者XSD验证 定 义好DTD或XSD文件 XmlDocument doc = XmlDocument.createXmlDocument(uri, true); // 用DOM生成XML DocumentBuilderFactory fact = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder parser = fact.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = parser.newDocument(); Node root = doc.createElement("Poem"); doc.appendChild(root); Node stanza = doc.createElement("Stanza"); root.appendChild(stanza); Node line = doc.createElement("Line"); stanza.appendChild(line); line.appendChild(doccreateTextNode("Once, upon a midnight dreary")); line = doc.createElement("Line"); stanz.aappendChild(line); line.appendChild(doccreateTextNode("While I pondered, weak and weary"));
16.RMI
//a 定义 客户端与服务器之间的通信接口 public interface RemoteDate extends Remote { public Date getRemoteDate() throws RemoteException; public final static String LOOKUPNAME = "RemoteDate"; } //b 编 写RMI服务器 public class RemoteDateImpl extends UnicastRemoteObject implements RemoteDate { public RemoteDateImpl() throws RemoteException { super(); } public Date getRemoteDate() throws RemoteException { return new Date(); } } RemoteDateImpl im = new RemoteDateImpl(); System.out.println("DateServer starting"); Namingre.bind(RemoteDateLOOKUPNAME, im); System.out.println("DateServer ready"); //c 运 行rmic生成stub javac RemoteDateImpljava rmic RemoteDateImpl //d 编 写客户端 netConn = (RemoteDate)Naminglookup(RemoteDate.LOOKUPNAME); Date today = netConn.getRemoteDate(); System.out.println(today.toString()); //e 确 保RMI注册表运行 rmi.registry //f 启 动服务器 java RemoteDateImpl //g 运 行客户端 java DateClient
17.包和包装机制
jar cvf /tmp/testjar // 当前目录压缩到testjar中 jar xvf /tmp/testjar // 把testjar解压到当前目录 从指定class运行jar文件 a Main-Class: HelloWord // 注意中间有一个空格 b jar cvmf manifestmf hellojar HelloWorldclass c java -jar hellojar
18.Java线程
// 停止线程 - 不要使用stop()方法 private boolean done = false; public void run() { while (!done) { //todo } } public void shutDown() { done = true; } //可 以调用shutDown()方法来结束线程 // 如果读取IO的时候出现堵塞，那么可以使用下面方法 public void shutDown() throws IOException { if (io != null) io.close(); } // 启动一线程，等待控制台输入，使用join()方法来暂停当前线程，直到其他线程调用 Thread t = new Thread() { public void run() { System.out.println("Reading"); try { System.in.read(); } catch (IOException e) { System.err.println(e); } System.out.println("Thread finished"); } }; System.out.println("Starting"); t.start(); System.out.println("Joining"); try { t.join(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { System.out.println("Who dares imterrupt my sleep?"); } System.out.println("Main finished"); // 加锁保证同步 Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); try { lock.lock(); // todo } finally { lock.unlock(); } //线 程通信wait(), notify(), notifyAll()
19.内省或“命令类的类”
// 反射 Class c = ClassforName("javalangString"); Constructor[] cons = c.getConstructors(); for (int i = 0; i < cons.length; i++) { System.out.println(cons[i].toString()); } Method[] meths = cgetMethods(); for (int i = 0; i < meths.length; i++) { System.out.println(meths[i].toString()); } // 动态装载类 Class c = ClassforName("java.lang.String"); Object obj = c.newInstance(); // 通过反射调用类的方法 class X { public void master(String s) { System.out.println("Working on \"" + s + "\""); } } Class clx = Xclass; Class[] argTypes = {Stringclass}; Method worker = clx.getMethod("master", argTypes); Object[] theData = {"Chocolate chips"}; worker.invoke(new X(), theData); 输 出: Working on "Chocolate chips"
20.Java与其他语言的结合
// 执行CMD命令，在Eclipse控制台输出 Process p = RuntimegetRuntime()exec("C:/StudySource/vercmd"); p.waitFor(); // 等待命令执行完 BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(p.getInputStream())); String s; while ((s = br.readLine()) != null) System.out.println(s); // 调用Jython - 计算220/7 BSFManager manager = new BSFManager(); String[] fntypes = {"py"}; manager.registerScriptingEngine("jython", "org.apache.bsfengines.jython.Jython.Engine", fntypes); Object r = manager.eval("jython", "testString", 0, 0, "220/7"); System.out.println("Result type is " + rgetClass().getName()); System.out.println("Result value is " + r);
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