三层架构

       ...O(∩_∩)O...Happy New Year!!...O(∩_∩)O ...好久没写博客了,因为漏掉了很多的知识没有总结,所以不知道该从哪写起了,刚好今天是元旦假期后的第一天,所以还是把之前学的一个重点写一下吧。

三层架构理论:

三层架构就是将整个业务应用划分为:表现层(UI层)、业务逻辑层(BLL层)、数据访问层(DAL层),微软推荐的分层式结构一般分为三层,从下至上分别为:数据访问层、业务逻辑层(又或称为领域层)、表示层。

 

各层的作用

1:数据访问层:主要是对原始数据(数据库或者文本文件等存放数据的形式)的操作层,而不是指原始数据,也就是说,是对数据的操作,而不是数据库,具体为业务逻辑层或表示层提供数据服务.
 
2:业务逻辑层:主要是针对具体的问题的操作,也可以理解成对数据层的操作,对数据业务逻辑处理,如果说数据层是积木,那逻辑层就是对这些积木的搭建。主要负责对数据层的操作。也就是说把一些数据层的操作进行组合。
 
3:表示层:主要表示WEB方式,也可以表示成WINFORM方式,WEB方式也可以表现成:aspx,如果逻辑层相当强大和完善,无论表现层如何定义和更改,逻辑层都能完善地提供服务。主要对用户的  请求接受,以及数据的返回,为客户端提供应用程序的访问。
 

三层架构实操(增删改查的一个小程序)

首先搭建三层架构,在解决方案中添加UI层,BLL业务逻辑层,DAL数据访问层,以及它们公用的MODEL层。它们之间的关系是UI层引用MODEL层,BLL层;BLL层引用MODEL层,DAL层;DAL层引用MODEL层。

* 在UI层下的App.config配置文件下添加数据库连接

 

<connectionStrings>
    <add name="sql" connectionString="Data Source=.;Initial Catalog=UserInfo;Integrated Security=True"/>
  </connectionStrings>

 

 *Model层里放置的是属性。

namespace Model
{
   public class Tmodel
    {
       //属性名和数据库中表的字段名相对
       public  Guid   Id    { set; get; }
       public  string Pname { set; get; }
       public  string Pwd    { set; get; }
       public  int    Pheight{ set; get; }
       public  bool   Pgender{ set; get; }
       public  string Padderss{ set; get; }
       public  DateTime Pbirthday{ set; get; }

    }
}

 

 *DAL层中添加两个类,一个DBHelper,一个Tdal

DBHelper类

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
using System.Configuration;

namespace DAL
{
  static public class DBHerper
    {
      public static  string connstr = ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["sql"].ToString(); //添加链接字符串

      //除了select查询外用于执行对数据表内容的操作
      public static int ExecuteNunQuery(string cmdtext, CommandType type,params SqlParameter[]parms)
      {
          using (SqlConnection conn=new SqlConnection (connstr))
          {
              conn.Open();
              using (SqlCommand  comm=new SqlCommand (cmdtext,conn))
              {
                  comm.CommandType = type;
                  comm.Parameters.AddRange(parms);
                  return comm.ExecuteNonQuery(); 
              }
          }
      
      
      }
     //用于执行查询语句(一)首行首列
      public static int ExecuteScalar(string cmdtext, CommandType type, params SqlParameter[] parms)
      {
          using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connstr))
          {
              conn.Open();
              using (SqlCommand comm = new SqlCommand(cmdtext, conn))
              {
                  comm.CommandType = type;
                  comm.Parameters.AddRange(parms);
                  return (int)comm.ExecuteScalar();
              }
          }
      
      }
      //用于执行查询语句(二)一条一条读取
      static public SqlDataReader ExecuteDataReader(string cmdText, CommandType type, params SqlParameter[] parms)
      {
          SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connstr);
          conn.Open();
          using (SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(cmdText,conn))
          {
              cmd.Parameters.AddRange(parms);
            
              cmd.CommandType = type;

              return cmd.ExecuteReader(CommandBehavior.CloseConnection);
          }
      }

      //用于执行查询语句(三)全部读取
      static public DataTable ExecuteTable(string cmdText, CommandType ctype, params SqlParameter[] parms)
      {
          using (SqlConnection conn = new SqlConnection(connstr))
          {
              conn.Open();
              using (SqlDataAdapter sda = new SqlDataAdapter(cmdText, conn))
              {
                  sda.SelectCommand.Parameters.AddRange(parms);

                  DataTable dt = new DataTable();

                  sda.Fill(dt);

                  return dt;
              }
          }
      }

     
    }
}

 

TDal层

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Model;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;



namespace DAL
{
 public  class Tdal
    {
     public int ADD(Tmodel model)
     {  //添加语句(注册)
         string sqltext = "insert into Text(Id,Pname,Pwd,Pheight,Pgender,Paddress,Pbirthday) values(@id,@pname,@pwd,@pheight,@gender,@paddress,@pbirthday)";
         SqlParameter[] parms = { new SqlParameter("@id",model.Id),
                                  new SqlParameter("@pname",model.Pname),
                                  new SqlParameter("@pwd",model.Pwd),
                                  new SqlParameter("@pheight",model.Pheight),
                                  new SqlParameter("@gender",model.Pgender),
                                  new SqlParameter("@paddress",model.Padderss),
                                  new SqlParameter("@pbirthday",model.Pbirthday)                  
                                };
         return DBHerper.ExecuteNunQuery(sqltext,CommandType.Text,parms);
     }

     //查询语句(登录)
     public int LoginByName(string name,string pwd)
     {
         string sqltext = "select count(*) from Text where pname=@name,pwd=@pwd";
         SqlParameter[] parms = { new SqlParameter("@name", name),
                                 new  SqlParameter("@pwd", pwd) };
         return DBHerper.ExecuteScalar(sqltext,CommandType.Text,parms);
     }

     //删除语句(删除)
     public int DeleteId(Guid id)
     {
         string sqltext = "delete  from Text where Id=@id";
         SqlParameter parms = new SqlParameter("@id",id);
         return DBHerper.ExecuteNunQuery(sqltext,CommandType.Text,parms);
     }

     //查询语句(读取信息)
     public DataTable SelecteByName()
     {
         string sqltext = "select * from Text";
         return DBHerper.ExecuteTable(sqltext,CommandType.Text);
     }

     //修改语句(先查询)
     public SqlDataReader SUpdate(Guid id)
     {
         string sqlse = "select * from Text where Id=@id";
         SqlParameter parms = new SqlParameter("@id",id);
         return DBHerper.ExecuteDataReader(sqlse,CommandType.Text,parms);  
     }

     //修改语句(后修改)
     public int Update(Tmodel model)
     {    
         string sqlxg = "update  Text set Pname=@name,Pwd=@pwd,Pheight=@height,Pgender=@gender,Paddress=@address,pbirthday=@birthday where Id=@id";
         SqlParameter[] parms = {
                                 
                                  new SqlParameter("@name",model.Pname),
                                  new SqlParameter("@pwd",model.Pwd),
                                  new SqlParameter("@height",model.Pheight),
                                  new SqlParameter("@gender",model.Pgender),
                                  new SqlParameter("@address",model.Padderss),
                                  new SqlParameter("@birthday",model.Pbirthday),
                                  new SqlParameter("@id",model.Id)
                                };
         return DBHerper.ExecuteNunQuery(sqlxg,CommandType.Text,parms);
     
     }
 }
}

 

 TBLL层

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using DAL;
using Model;
using System.Data;
using System.Data.SqlClient;



namespace BLL
{
  public   class Tbll
    {
      Tdal dal = new Tdal();
      public bool ADD(Tmodel model)  //添加
      {
          if (dal.ADD(model)>0)
          {
              return true;
          }
          else
          {
              return false;
          }
      
      }
      public bool LoginByName(string name, string pwd) //通过用户名查询
      {
          if (dal.LoginByName(name,pwd)>0)
          {
              return true;
          }
          else
          {
              return false;
          }
      }

      public bool DeleteId(Guid id) //删除 
      {
          if (dal.DeleteId(id)>0)
          {
              return true;
          }
          else
          {
              return false;
          }
      
      }

      public DataTable SelecteByName() //查询语句
      {
          return dal.SelecteByName();
      } 

      public SqlDataReader SUpdate(Guid id) //先根据id查询
     {
          return dal.SUpdate(id);
     }
      public int Update(Tmodel model)   //在修改
      {
          return dal.Update(model);
      }
  
  }
}

 

 UI层主界面

 

主要代码(窗体加载数据,删除数据):

using BLL;
using Model;
using System.Data.SqlClient;


namespace UI
{
    public partial class Select : Form
    {
        public Select()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        //实例化Tbll,Tmodel
        Tbll bll = new Tbll(); 
        Tmodel model = new Tmodel();

        private void Select_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)//窗体加载事件
        {  
            //加载所有的数据
            DataTable dt = bll.SelecteByName();//调用bll层里的SelecteByName方法
            foreach (DataRow item in dt.Rows)
            {
                string format = string.Format("{0},{1},{2},{3},{4},{5},{6}", item[0], item[1], item[2], item[3], item[4], item[5], item[6]);
                listBox1.Items.Add(format);
            }
        }

        private void button3_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  //增加按钮事件
        {
            //注册窗体
            Regist r = new Regist();
            r.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)  //删除按钮的单击事件
        {
            
            string  seid =listBox1.Items[0].ToString();//获取选中的项
            string[] str = seid.Split(','); //分割
            string ids = str[0]; 
            Guid idid = Guid.Parse(ids);
            if (bll.DeleteId(idid))   //根据ID删除
            {
                MessageBox.Show("删除成功!");
                Select s = new Select();
                s.Show();
                this.Hide();
                
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("删除失败!");
            }
        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //修改按钮事件
        {
            string ss = listBox1.SelectedItem.ToString();
            string[] str = ss.Split(',');
            string ids = str[0];
            Guid idid = Guid.Parse(ids);//选中列表的项
            SqlDataReader sda=bll.SUpdate(idid);
            if (sda.Read())
            {
                //从sda获取各项值
                string  name = sda[1].ToString();
                string  pwd = sda[2].ToString();
                int     height = Convert.ToInt32(sda[3]);
                bool    gender = Convert.ToBoolean(sda[4]);
                string  address = sda[5].ToString();
                DateTime birthday = Convert.ToDateTime(sda[6]);
                Updates  up = new Updates(idid,name,pwd,height,gender,address,birthday);//将sda中的值使用构造函数传参
                up.Show();
                this.Hide();
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("传参失败!");
            }
        }
        private void button4_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //查询按钮事件
        {   //登录窗体
            Login l = new Login();
            l.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }
    }
}

 

 窗体加载运行效果:

 

删除效果:

 

 

增加事件(注册)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Model;
using BLL;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace UI
{
    public partial class Regist : Form
    {
        public Regist()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
    
        Tbll bll = new Tbll();
        Tmodel model = new Tmodel();
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //注册按钮事件
        {  //定义变量
            Guid id = Guid.NewGuid();
            string name = this.txtname.Text.Trim();
            string pwd = this.txtpwd.Text.Trim();       
            int heighter = Convert.ToInt32( this.txtheight.Text.Trim());
            string birthday = this.dateTimePicker1.Text.Trim();
            string address = this.txtaddress.Text.Trim();
            bool gender = this.rbman.Checked ? true : false;  

            //判断是否为空
            if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) && string.IsNullOrEmpty(pwd))
            {
                MessageBox.Show("用户名和密码不能为空!");
                return;
            }
            else
            {
                model.Id = id;
                model.Pname = name;
                //为密码进行MD5加密
                MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
                byte[] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(pwd);
                byte[] bste = md5.ComputeHash(bytes);
                pwd = BitConverter.ToString(bste).Replace("-", "");

                model.Padderss = address;
                model.Pgender = gender;
                model.Pbirthday = Convert.ToDateTime(birthday);
                model.Pheight = heighter;
                model.Pwd = pwd;
                if (bll.ADD(model))
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("注册成功");
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("注册失败!");
                }
            }

        }

        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //返回按钮事件
        {
            Select s = new Select();
            s.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }
    }
}

 

 运行效果:

 

修改事件代码:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Model;
using BLL;


namespace UI
{
    public partial class Updates : Form
    {
        Tmodel model = new Tmodel();
        Tbll bll = new Tbll();
        string idid  = string.Empty;
        public Updates(Guid id,string name,string pwd,int height,bool gender,string address,DateTime birthday)
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            this.idid=id.ToString();            
            this.txtname.Text=name;
            this.txtpwd.Text = pwd;
            this.txtheight.Text = Convert.ToString(height);
            this.txtaddress.Text = address;
            this.dateTimePicker1.Text = birthday.ToString(); ;
            gender = this.rbman.Checked ? true : false;
                  
        }
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //保存事件
        {   //定义变量获取值
            string name = this.txtname.Text.Trim();
            string pwd = this.txtpwd.Text.Trim();
            int height = Convert.ToInt32(this.txtheight.Text.Trim());
            string address = this.txtaddress.Text.Trim();
            DateTime birthday = Convert.ToDateTime(this.dateTimePicker1.Text.Trim());
            bool gender = this.rbman.Checked ? true : false;
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(pwd))
            {
                model.Id = Guid.Parse(idid);
                model.Pname = name;
                model.Pwd = pwd;
                model.Pheight = height;
                model.Pgender = gender;
                model.Padderss = address;
                model.Pbirthday = birthday;
                if (bll.Update(model) > 0)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("修改成功!");
                }
                else
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("修改失败!");
                }
            }
        } 
        private void button2_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            Select s = new Select();
            s.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }
    }
}

 

运行结果:

 

 

 

 查询事件(登录)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using Model;
using BLL;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

namespace UI
{
    public partial class Login : Form
    {
        public Login()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
        }
        Tmodel model = new Tmodel();
        Tbll bll = new Tbll();

        private void btnlogin_Click(object sender, EventArgs e) //登录按钮事件
        {    
            string name = this.textBox1.Text.Trim();
            string pwd = this.textBox2.Text.Trim();
       
            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(name)&& !string.IsNullOrEmpty(pwd))
            {
                model.Pname = name;

                #region 加密
                MD5 md5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
                byte[] bytes = Encoding.Default.GetBytes(pwd);
                byte[] bste = md5.ComputeHash(bytes);
                pwd = BitConverter.ToString(bste).Replace("-", "");
                #endregion

                model.Pwd = pwd;
                MessageBox.Show("登陆成功!");
                Select s = new Select();
                s.Show();
                this.Hide();
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("用户名和密码不能为空!");
            }
        }

        private void btnre_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)//跳转到注册页面
        {
            Regist r = new Regist();
            r.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }

        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)//跳转到主界面
        {
            Select s = new Select();
            s.Show();
            this.Hide();
        }
    }
}

 

运行结果:

 

 

  三层架构终于写完了,在写的过程中,发现还是有很多地方不太熟练,所以还得要多加练习。。。接下来的几天将会学习并总结JavaScript。。。呵呵,继续加油了!O(∩_∩)O....不管我写的好不好,我都会微笑面对,勇敢的走下去!加油!

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/ysaw/p/4196387.html

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