xmlhttp对象调用webservice要点补疑

         使用xmlhttp对象调用非本地webservice经常也遇到调用失败的情况,这应该是一个不断总结的过程.现列举我所经历过的困扰多时的细节错误,
 假定一个天气预报的服务如下:
         

using  System;
     using  System.Web;
     using  System.Web.Services;
     using  System.Web.Services.Protocols;

    [WebService(Namespace  =   " http://tempuri.org/ " )]
    [WebServiceBinding(ConformsTo  =  WsiProfiles.BasicProfile1_1)]
     public   class  Weather : System.Web.Services.WebService
     {
            public Weather () {

               //Uncomment the following line if using designed components 
               //InitializeComponent(); 
          }

           [WebMethod]
            public string GetWeather(string cityName) {
                    //根据城市名来返回天气情况
            return "Sunny";
            }    
    }

         1. 请求的方法 根据协议有Soap 1.1 Soap1.2 HttpPost HttpGet 四种方式
         
         (1)SOAP 1.1
         

var  data  = ' <? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 " ?> '
     + ' < soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "  '     + 'xmlns:xsd = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema " 'xmlns:soap = " http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/ " > '
     + ' < soap:Body > '
     + ' < getWeather xmlns = " http://tempuri.org/ " > '
     + ' < cityName > hangzhou </ cityName > '   
         + ' </ getWeather > '
     + ' </ soap:Body > '
     + ' </ soap:Envelope > '
      function  RequestService() { 
        var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); 
        //Webservice location.
        var URL="http://localhost:1323/WebSite/weather.asmx";
        xmlhttp.Open("Post",URL, false); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8"); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Length",data.length); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/GetWeather"); 
        xmlhttp.Send(data);         
    }

         (2)SOAP 1.2
         

var  data  =  ' <? xml version = " 1.0 "  encoding = " utf-8 " ?> '
         + ' < soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance "  '
         + 'xmlns:xsd = " http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema "  xmlns:soap12 = " http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope " > '
         + ' < soap12:Body > '
         + ' < getWeather xmlns = " http://tempuri.org/ " > '
         + ' < cityName > hangzhou </ cityName > '
         + ' </ getWeather > '
         + ' </ soap12:Body > '
         + ' </ soap12:Envelope > '
      function  RequestService() { 
        var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); 
        //Webservice location.
        var URL="http://localhost:1323/WebSite/weather.asmx";
        xmlhttp.Open("Post",URL, false); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type"," application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8"); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Length",data.length);         
        xmlhttp.Send(data);         
    }

         (3)HttpPost 
         

var  data  =  'cityName = hangzhou'
      function  RequestService() { 
        var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); 
        //Webservice location.
        var URL="http://localhost:1323/WebSite/weather.asmx/getWeather";
        xmlhttp.Open("Post",URL, false); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","  application/x-www-form-urlencoded"); 
        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Length",data.length);         
        xmlhttp.Send(data);         
    }

       
         (4)HttpGet
         

function  RequestService() { 
        var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP"); 
        //Webservice location.
        var URL="http://localhost:1323/WebSite/weather.asmx/getWeather?cityName=hangzhou";
        xmlhttp.Open("GET ",URL, false); 
        xmlhttp.Send(null);
    }

 

         2.中文乱码
         webservice接收和传输的消息都是UTF-8编码的，网上有很多解决GB2312传中文参数和接收中文消息乱码的办法，比如用prototype扩展xmlhttp对象,其实也不用那么麻烦,传递参数用escape转换一次,接收时用UTF8Encoding读取出来再根据需要转换即可,解决办法原理差不多.
 
         3.解析返回的Xml DomDocument对象无法使用selectNodes和selectSingleNode
          其中一个原因是mozilla不支持此方法，可以通过prototype为它的domdocument对象扩展这两个同名方法，便于用相同的方法处理MS和mozilla兼容问题。但有时就是在IE里也不能正常使用这两个方法，常见情况是取出来的节点值为空。解决办法是在生成的domdocument对象（假设对象为xmlDom）设置一个属性 xmlDom.setProerty("Namespace",'xmlns="na:http://tempuri.org/"')指定一个默认命名空间的前缀,然后在selectNodes和selectSingleNode中使用前缀加标签名如 na:weather就可以了。

          4.“意外的以servicemethod/结尾“的错误(类似的格式)
          客户端以HttpGet或HttpPost方式调用非本地webservice报“意外的以servicemethod/结尾“的错误，其中一个原因是部署webservice的站点配置中默认是不开启httpget和httppost非本域请求许可的，因此要在web.config补上如下配置
         

     < webServices >
  < conformanceWarnings >
     < clear  />
     < add  name ="BasicProfile1_1"   />
   </ conformanceWarnings >
   < protocols >
     < add  name ="HttpSoap1.2" />
     < add  name ="HttpSoap" />
     < add  name ="HttpPostLocalhost" />
     < add  name ="HttpPost" />  
     < add  name ="HttpGet" />  
     < add  name ="Documentation" />
   </ protocols >
   < soapExtensionTypes >
   </ soapExtensionTypes >
   < soapExtensionReflectorTypes >
   </ soapExtensionReflectorTypes >
   < soapExtensionImporterTypes >
   </ soapExtensionImporterTypes >
   < wsdlHelpGenerator  href ="DefaultWsdlHelpGenerator.aspx" />
   < serviceDescriptionFormatExtensionTypes >
   </ serviceDescriptionFormatExtensionTypes >
</ webServices >

         希望打算使用xmlhttp的朋友能够避免这些小问题,也希望大家能够将自己遇到的问题和解决方法继续补全，方便查找也提高自己。上面列举的问题如有更易行的方法，也请指出来，交流一下。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/BeanHsiang/archive/2007/05/12/743673.html