HttpClient的简单使用

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-14 12:47:40 发布

weixin_30512089

最新推荐文章于 2024-01-14 12:47:40 发布

阅读量136

点赞数

原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/jxkun/p/9399102.html

版权

HttpClient的使用

一、maven坐标

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.2</version>
</dependency>

二、主要API

2.1 CloseableHttpClient

表示Http客户端对象，用来发送请求并得到响应。线程安全，如果项目中只是偶尔httpclinet，建议每次使用时都新建、关闭此对象。如果项目中频繁使用httpclinet，建议把此对象作为单例使用;

httpClient.execute(request); // 执行get、post等请求
httpClient.close(); // 关闭此客户端对象，释放资源

2.2 HttpClients

用来创建HttpClinet对象的工具类

createDefault(); /创建默认的CloseableHttpClient对象

2.3 URIBuilder

用来构建URI，可以方便的在请求路径后面追加查询字符串

URI uri = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080/test")// 设置请求路径
        .setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))// 设置编码（默认为项目编码），一般不用设置
        .addParameter("k1", "v1")// 连续调用此方法可以设置多个请求参数
        .build();// 构建并返回URI对象

URI表示一个资源路径，可以认为等价于URL

2.4 HttpGet

表示一个get请求对象

HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
httpGet.addHeader("h1", "v1");

2.5 HttpPost

表示一个post请求对象

HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test/test2");
httpPost.addHeader("h1", "v1");

2.6 HttpEntity

表示一个请求体

2.7 StringEntity

表示字符串请求体

 StringEntity entity = new StringEntity("hello httpclient !", "UTF-8");

2.8 NameValuePair

表示一对键值对数据

NameValuePair param = new BasicNameValuePair("age", "16");

2.9 UrlEncodedFormEntity

表示进行URL编码的、符合表单提交格式的字符串请求体

List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "蛋蛋"));
params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("age", "16"));
UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
httpPost.setEntity(entity);

2.10 InputStreamEntity

表示字节流形式的请求体

InputStreamEntity entity = new InputStreamEntity(instream);

2.11 CloseableHttpResponse

表示一个响应对象

CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
httpResponse.headerIterator();//响应头迭代器
HttpEntity resultEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();//响应体数据

2.12 HttpEntity

表示一个响应体（和请求体是同一个类）

HttpEntity resultEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
// 使用流的方式操作响应体数据
InputStream inputStream = resultEntity.getContent();
// 如果响应体是字符串数据，可能需要字符编码信息
Header header = resultEntity.getContentEncoding();

2.13 EntityUtils

可以方便取出响应体数据的工具类，因为此工具类会把所有响应体数据全部缓存到内存中，所以如果响应体数据量较大的话建议直接使用httpEntity.getContent()获取到响应体的读取流，进行流操作;

HttpEntity resultEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
//此方法会自动根据响应头中的编码信息对响应体内容进行编码，也可以手动指定编码
String result = EntityUtils.toString(resultEntity);

三、案例代码

注意:

httpclinet可自动管理cookie，所以支持session会话
如果发送请求或者接收响应过程中出现的IOException，httpclinet默认会重新发送请求（尝试5次），可能会造成服务器重复处理此请求，如果此请求会修改数据库，就可能造成数据错乱。所以如果某个请求不允许这种情况出现的话，可以禁用重复发送功能;

CloseableHttpClient httpclient = HttpClients.custom()
        .setRetryHandler(new StandardHttpRequestRetryHandler(0, false)).build();

3.1 发送`不带请求参数的get请求`

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
    httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet("http://localhost:8080/test");
    httpResponse httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
    String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
    // 处理result的代码...
} finally {
    if (httpResponse != null) {
        httpResponse.close();
    }
    if (httpClient != null) {
        httpClient.close();
    }
}

3.2 发送`携带请求参数的get请求`

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
    httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    URI uri = new URIBuilder("http://localhost:8080/test")// 设置请求路径
            .setCharset(Charset.forName("UTF-8"))// 设置编码（默认为项目编码），一般不用设置
            .addParameter("k1", "v1")// 连续调用此方法可以设置多个请求参数
            .build();// 构建并返回URI对象
    HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(uri);
    httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
    String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
    // 处理result的代码...
} finally {
    if (httpResponse != null) {
        httpResponse.close();
    }
    if (httpClient != null) {
        httpClient.close();
    }
}

3.3 发送`不带请求参数以及其他请求体数据的post请求`

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
    httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test");
    httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
    String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity);
    // 处理result的代码...
} finally {
    if (httpResponse != null) {
        httpResponse.close();
    }
    if (httpClient != null) {
        httpClient.close();
    }
}

3.4 发送`携带表单格式请求参数的post请求`

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
    httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test");
    List<NameValuePair> params = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("name", "Hali"));
    params.add(new BasicNameValuePair("age", "16"));
    UrlEncodedFormEntity entity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(params, "UTF-8");
    httpPost.setEntity(entity);
    httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    HttpEntity resultEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
    String result = EntityUtils.toString(resultEntity);
    // 处理result的代码...
} finally {
    if (httpResponse != null) {
        httpResponse.close();
    }
    if (httpClient != null) {
        httpClient.close();
    }
}

3.5 发送`携带一般字符串请求体数据的post请求`

CloseableHttpClient httpClient = null;
CloseableHttpResponse httpResponse = null;
try {
    httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
    HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost("http://localhost:8080/test");
    StringEntity entity = new StringEntity("hello httpclient !", "UTF-8");
    httpPost.setEntity(entity);
    httpResponse = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
    HttpEntity resultEntity = httpResponse.getEntity();
    String result  = EntityUtils.toString(resultEntity);
    // 处理result的代码...
} finally {
    if (httpResponse != null) {
        httpResponse.close();
    }
    if (httpClient != null) {
        httpClient.close();
    }
}

3.6 发送 `https的get请求`

/**
 * 创建一个可以访问Https类型URL的工具类，返回一个CloseableHttpClient实例
 */
public static CloseableHttpClient createSSLClientDefault(){
    try {
        SSLContext sslContext=new SSLContextBuilder().loadTrustMaterial(
                null,new TrustStrategy() {
                    //信任所有
                    public boolean isTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType)
                            throws CertificateException {
                        return true;
                    }
                }).build();
        SSLConnectionSocketFactory sslsf=new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(sslContext);
        return HttpClients.custom().setSSLSocketFactory(sslsf).build();
    } catch (KeyManagementException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
        e.printStackTrace();
    }
    return HttpClients.createDefault();
}
/**
 * @throws IOException 
 * @throws ClientProtocolException 
 *  
 */
public static void main(String[] args) throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    //从工具方法中获得对应的可以访问Https的httpClient
    CloseableHttpClient httpClient =createSSLClientDefault();   
    
    HttpGet httpGet=new HttpGet("https://etrade.ccbfund.cn/etrading/tradereq/main.do?method=doInit&isHome=1&menuId=10000");
    //自己先在浏览器登录一下，自行复制具体的Cookie
    httpGet.setHeader("Cookie", "HS_ETS_SID=4jSFY2wWwT0gPrWJ45ly!-1286216704; Null=31111111.51237.0000; logtype=2; certtype=0; certNo=33****************; isorgloginpage_cookie=0; hs_etrading_customskin=app_css");
    
    //设置代理，方便Fiddle捕获具体信息
    RequestConfig config=RequestConfig.custom()
            .setProxy(HttpHost.create("127.0.0.1:8888"))
            .build();
    httpGet.setConfig(config);
    //执行get请求，获得对应的响应实例
    CloseableHttpResponse response=httpClient.execute(httpGet);
    
    //打印响应的到的html正文
    HttpEntity entity =response.getEntity();
    String html=EntityUtils.toString(entity);
    System.out.println(html);
    
    //关闭连接
    response.close();
    httpClient.close();
}