mysql高可用读写分离_mysql读写分离[高可用]

顾名思义, 在mysql负载均衡中有多种方式, 本人愚钝,只了解驱动中间件和mysql_proxy两种方式, 对于驱动,利用的是ReplicationDriver,具体请看远哥的这篇文章:

本次我要实现利用的方式是:

下面进入主题

mysql_proxy:192.168.99.55

master:192.168.99.61

slave:192.168.99.62

1.安装mysql_proxy

tar -zxvf mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-rhel5-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local

cd /usr/local

mv mysql-proxy-0.8.4-linux-rhel5-x86-64bit mysql-proxy

下面是需要的依赖

gcc* gcc-c++* autoconf* automake* zlib* libxml* ncurses-devel* libmcrypt* libtool* flex* pkgconfig*

libevent* glib* readline-devel

2.添加代理用户

useradd -r mysql-proxy

3.sysv服务脚本mysql_proxy

这个脚本放置的位置是：/etc/init.d

记得授权，chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql_proxy

这个脚本是用来做快捷启动的。

#!/bin/bash

#

# mysql-proxy This script starts and stops the mysql-proxy daemon

#

# chkconfig: - 78 30

# processname: mysql-proxy

# description: mysql-proxy is a proxy daemon for mysql

# Source function library.

. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions

prog="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/bin/mysql-proxy"

# Source networking configuration.

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/network ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/network

fi

# Check that networking is up.

[ ${NETWORKING} = "no" ] && exit 0

# Set default mysql-proxy configuration.

ADMIN_USER="admin"

ADMIN_PASSWD="admin"

ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua"

PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon"

PROXY_PID=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid

PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy"

# Source mysql-proxy configuration.

if [ -f /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy ]; then

. /etc/sysconfig/mysql-proxy

fi

RETVAL=0

start() {

echo -n $"Starting $prog: "

daemon $prog $PROXY_OPTIONS --pid-file=$PROXY_PID --proxy-address="$PROXY_ADDRESS" --user=$PROXY_USER --admin-username="$ADMIN_USER" --admin-lua-script="$ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT" --admin-password="$ADMIN_PASSWORD"

RETVAL=$?

echo

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

touch /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy

fi

}

stop() {

echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "

killproc -p $PROXY_PID -d 3 $prog

RETVAL=$?

echo

if [ $RETVAL -eq 0 ]; then

rm -f /var/lock/subsys/mysql-proxy

rm -f $PROXY_PID

fi

}

# See how we were called.

case "$1" in

start)

start

;;

stop)

stop

;;

restart)

stop

start

;;

condrestart|try-restart)

if status -p $PROXY_PIDFILE $prog >&/dev/null; then

stop

start

fi

;;

status)

status -p $PROXY_PID $prog

;;

*)

echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status|condrestart|try-restart}"

RETVAL=1

;;

esac

exit $RETVAL

4.为服务脚本提供配置文件mysql_proxy

这个脚本放在的位置是:/etc/sysconfig(我是根据上面服务脚本的位置放的, 喜欢放在别处的地方可以自行修改)。

# Options for mysql-proxy

ADMIN_USER="admin"

ADMIN_PASSWORD="admin"

ADMIN_ADDRESS=""

ADMIN_LUA_SCRIPT="/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua"

PROXY_ADDRESS=""

PROXY_USER="mysql-proxy"

PROXY_OPTIONS="--daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.99.61:3306

--proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.99.62:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua"

5.创建admin.lua

这个脚本放置的位置是:/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy

--[[ $%BEGINLICENSE%$

Copyright (c) 2007, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or

modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as

published by the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the

License.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,

but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of

MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the

GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License

along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software

Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA

02110-1301 USA

$%ENDLICENSE%$ --]]

function set_error(errmsg)

proxy.response = {

type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_ERR,

errmsg = errmsg or "error"

}

end

function read_query(packet)

if packet:byte() ~= proxy.COM_QUERY then

set_error("[admin] we only handle text-based queries (COM_QUERY)")

return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT

end

local query = packet:sub(2)

local rows = { }

local fields = { }

if query:lower() == "select * from backends" then

fields = {

{ name = "backend_ndx",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },

{ name = "address",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "state",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "type",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "uuid",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "connected_clients",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_LONG },

}

for i = 1, #proxy.global.backends do

local states = {

"unknown",

"up",

"down"

}

local types = {

"unknown",

"rw",

"ro"

}

local b = proxy.global.backends[i]

rows[#rows + 1] = {

i,

b.dst.name, -- configured backend address

states[b.state + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0

types[b.type + 1], -- the C-id is pushed down starting at 0

b.uuid, -- the MySQL Server's UUID if it is managed

b.connected_clients -- currently connected clients

}

end

elseif query:lower() == "select * from help" then

fields = {

{ name = "command",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

{ name = "description",

type = proxy.MYSQL_TYPE_STRING },

}

rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM help", "shows this help" }

rows[#rows + 1] = { "SELECT * FROM backends", "lists the backends and their state" }

else

set_error("use 'SELECT * FROM help' to see the supported commands")

return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT

end

proxy.response = {

type = proxy.MYSQLD_PACKET_OK,

resultset = {

fields = fields,

rows = rows

}

}

return proxy.PROXY_SEND_RESULT

end

6.修改rw-splitting.lua

修改的是min_idle_connections和max_idle_connections的值,都等于1

local commands = require("proxy.commands")

local tokenizer = require("proxy.tokenizer")

local lb = require("proxy.balance")

local auto_config = require("proxy.auto-config")

--- config

--

-- connection pool

if not proxy.global.config.rwsplit then

proxy.global.config.rwsplit = {

min_idle_connections = 1,

max_idle_connections = 1,

is_debug = false

}

end

7.测试mysql_proxy

7.1启动mysql_proxy

service mysql_proxy start

7.2端口进程状态

进程

ps aux | grep mysql-proxy

root 14230 0.0 0.0 103244 836 pts/0 S+ 11:25 0:00 grep mysql-proxy

496 28239 0.0 0.0 45772 2104 ? S Dec04 0:03 /usr/local/mysql-proxy/libexec/mysql-proxy --daemon --log-level=info --log-use-syslog --plugins=proxy --plugins=admin --proxy-backend-addresses=192.168.75.61:3306 --proxy-read-only-backend-addresses=192.168.75.62:3306 --proxy-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/rw-splitting.lua --pid-file=/var/run/mysql-proxy.pid --proxy-address= --user=mysql-proxy --admin-username=admin --admin-lua-script=/usr/local/mysql-proxy/share/doc/mysql-proxy/admin.lua --admin-password=admin

端口

netstat -tlnp | grep mysql-proxy

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:4041 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 28239/mysql-proxy

tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 28239/mysql-proxy

看到上面, 端口有4041与3306, 这两个端口都是关键所在,下面将进行解题。

7.3登录mysql_proxy

随便找一台有mysql客户端的机器登录到mysql_proxy192.168.99.55(也可以在99.55上面安装mysql客户端, 我是在别的机器连得), 这个登录使用的账号密码还记得把?它就是脚本中指定的账号密码,admin:admin

mysql -u admin -p -h 192.168.99.55 --port=4041

必须指定端口, 不然跑的是3306

7.4查询状态

7.4.1 select * from help

+------------------------+------------------------------------+

| command | description |

+------------------------+------------------------------------+

| SELECT * FROM help | shows this help |

| SELECT * FROM backends | lists the backends and their state |

+------------------------+------------------------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

7.4.2 SELECT * FROM backends

+-------------+--------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

| backend_ndx | address | state | type | uuid | connected_clients |

+-------------+--------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

| 1 | 192.168.99.61:3306 | down | rw | NULL | 0 |

| 2 | 192.168.99.62:3306 | down | ro | NULL | 0 |

+-------------+--------------------+-------+------+------+-------------------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

看到上面的信息, master99.61的type是rw(支持读写),slave99.62的type是ro(只读)

7.5抓包分析

在master上:

tcpdump -i eth0 -nn -XX ip dst 192.168.99.61 and tcp dst port 3306

在slave上:

tcpdump -i eth0 -nn -XX ip dst 192.168.99.62 and tcp dst port 3306

7.5.1主从分析

为了更明显操作结果, 停止主从

登录mysql_proxy

mysql -u admin -p -h 192.168.75.55 --port=3306

这次登录的是3306, 上面登录的是4041,请大家不要混淆。

至于3306与4041有什么不一样， 下面我解析一下， 4041就是查询读写分离的状态的， 3306无疑就是提供给外部的接口。

现在往test表插入一条数据

insert into test.testtest values(80,'80');

下面查询, 是查询不到的, 因为主从已经断开, 查的是往62跑, 写是写进61了, 只要把主从配置回来一切正常。

上面的抓包就是没操作一下都会有记录, 这次很明显看出来读写分析所跑的机器。

进行写时, master抓到的包是:

14:25:28.835455 IP 192.168.99.55.45648 > 192.168.99.61.3306: Flags [P.], seq 2082548409:2082548453, ack 3795613073, win 173, options [nop,nop,TS val 2915927263 ecr 2948974813], length 44

0x0000: 0050 5689 cba6 0050 5689 9616 0800 4508 .PV....PV.....E.

0x0010: 0060 994f 4000 4006 897b c0a8 4b37 c0a8 .`.O@.@..{..K7..

0x0020: 4b3d b250 0cea 7c21 2ab9 e23c 7591 8018 K=.P..|!*..

0x0030: 00ad eed3 0000 0101 080a adcd 84df afc5 ................

0x0040: c8dd 2800 0000 0369 6e73 6572 7420 696e ..(....insert.in

0x0050: 746f 2074 6573 742e 7465 7374 7465 7374 to.test.testtest

0x0060: 2076 616c 7565 7328 322c 2732 2729 .values(2,'2')

14:25:28.836543 IP 192.168.99.55.45648 > 192.168.99.61.3306: Flags [.], ack 12, win 173, options [nop,nop,TS val 2915927264 ecr 2949040785], length 0

0x0000: 0050 5689 cba6 0050 5689 9616 0800 4508 .PV....PV.....E.

0x0010: 0034 9950 4000 4006 89a6 c0a8 4b37 c0a8 .4.P@.@.....K7..

0x0020: 4b3d b250 0cea 7c21 2ae5 e23c 759c 8010 K=.P..|!*..

0x0030: 00ad f329 0000 0101 080a adcd 84e0 afc6 ...)............

slave此时的状态是:

tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode

listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 65535 bytes

进行读时, slave的状态是:

15:00:36.252068 IP 192.168.99.55.40191 > 192.168.99.62.3306: Flags [P.], seq 853416170:853416202, ack 2118301929, win 184, options [nop,nop,TS val 2915944710 ecr 2911691799], length 32

0x0000: 0050 5689 a328 0050 5689 9616 0800 4508 .PV..(.PV.....E.

0x0010: 0054 7caa 4000 4006 a62b c0a8 4b37 c0a8 .T|.@.@..+..K7..

0x0020: 4b3e 9cff 0cea 32de 18ea 7e42 b8e9 8018 K>....2...~B....

0x0030: 00b8 0093 0000 0101 080a adcd c906 ad8c ................

0x0040: e417 1c00 0000 0373 656c 6563 7420 2a20 .......select.*.

0x0050: 6672 6f6d 2074 6573 742e 7465 7374 7465 from.test.testte

0x0060: 7374 st

15:00:36.253339 IP 192.168.99.55.40191 > 192.168.99.62.3306: Flags [.], ack 144, win 223, options [nop,nop,TS val 2915944712 ecr 2912255989], length 0

0x0000: 0050 5689 a328 0050 5689 9616 0800 4508 .PV..(.PV.....E.

0x0010: 0034 7cab 4000 4006 a64a c0a8 4b37 c0a8 .4|.@.@..J..K7..

0x0020: 4b3e 9cff 0cea 32de 190a 7e42 b978 8010 K>....2...~B.x..

0x0030: 00df 8c29 0000 0101 080a adcd c908 ad95 ...)............

0x0040: 7ff5 ..

最终拓扑