C#中HttpWebRequest的用法详解

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最新推荐文章于 2024-08-02 03:52:20 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/love201314/p/5029312.html

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HttpWebRequest和HttpWebResponse类是用于发送和接收HTTP数据的最好选择。它们支持一系列有用的属性。这两个类位于System.Net命名空间，默认情况下这个类对于控制台程序来说是可访问的。请注意，HttpWebRequest对象不是利用new关键字通过构造函数来创建的，而是利用工厂机制（factory mechanism）通过Create()方法来创建的。另外，你可能预计需要显式地调用一个“Send”方法，实际上不需要。接下来调用 HttpWebRequest.GetResponse()方法返回的是一个HttpWebResponse对象。你可以把HTTP响应的数据流（stream）绑定到一个StreamReader对象，然后就可以通过ReadToEnd()方法把整个HTTP响应作为一个字符串取回。也可以通过 StreamReader.ReadLine()方法逐行取回HTTP响应的内容。

这种技术展示了如何限制请求重定向（request redirections）的次数，并且设置了一个超时限制。下面是HttpWebRequest的一些属性，这些属性对于轻量级的自动化测试程序是非常重要的。

l AllowAutoRedirect：获取或设置一个值，该值指示请求是否应跟随重定向响应。

l CookieContainer：获取或设置与此请求关联的cookie。

l Credentials：获取或设置请求的身份验证信息。

l KeepAlive：获取或设置一个值，该值指示是否与 Internet 资源建立持久性连接。

l MaximumAutomaticRedirections：获取或设置请求将跟随的重定向的最大数目。

l Proxy：获取或设置请求的代理信息。

l SendChunked：获取或设置一个值，该值指示是否将数据分段发送到 Internet 资源。

l Timeout：获取或设置请求的超时值。

l UserAgent：获取或设置 User-agent HTTP 标头的值

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式其实就是GET和POST两种，那么具体的实现以及操作注意事项是什么呢？那么本文就向你详细介绍C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的这两种利器。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式学习之前我们先来看看什么是HttpWebRequest，它是 .net 基类库中的一个类，在命名空间 System.Net 下面，用来使用户通过HTTP协议和服务器交互。

C# HttpWebRequest的作用：

HttpWebRequest对HTTP协议进行了完整的封装，对HTTP协议中的 Header, Content, Cookie 都做了属性和方法的支持，很容易就能编写出一个模拟浏览器自动登录的程序。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式：

程序使用HTTP协议和服务器交互主要是进行数据的提交，通常数据的提交是通过 GET 和 POST 两种方式来完成，下面对这两种方式进行一下说明：

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式1. GET 方式。

GET 方式通过在网络地址附加参数来完成数据的提交，比如在地址 http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN 中，前面部分 http://www.google.com/webhp 表示数据提交的网址，后面部分 hl=zh-CN 表示附加的参数，其中 hl 表示一个键(key)， zh-CN 表示这个键对应的值(value)。程序代码如下：

HttpWebRequest req =

(HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create(

"http://www.google.com/webhp?hl=zh-CN" );

req.Method = "GET";

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())

{

//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理

}

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式2. POST 方式。

POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，参数的格式和 GET 方式一样，是类似于 hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1 这样的结构。程序代码如下：

string param = "hl=zh-CN&newwindow=1"; //参数

byte[] bs = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param); //参数转化为ascii码

HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.google.com/intl/zh-CN/" ); //创建request

req.Method = "POST"; //确定传值的方式，此处为post方式传值

req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

req.ContentLength = bs.Length;

using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())

{

reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);

}

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())

{

//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理

}

在上面的代码中，我们访问了 www.google.com 的网址，分别以 GET 和 POST 方式提交了数据，并接收了返回的页面内容。然而，如果提交的参数中含有中文，那么这样的处理是不够的，需要对其进行编码，让对方网站能够识别。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式3. 使用 GET 方式提交中文数据。

GET 方式通过在网络地址中附加参数来完成数据提交，对于中文的编码，常用的有 gb2312 和 utf8 两种，用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：

Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"); //确定用哪种中文编码方式

string address = "http://www.baidu.com/s?" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding); //拼接数据提交的网址和经过中文编码后的中文参数

HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(address); //创建request

req.Method = "GET"; //确定传值方式，此处为get方式

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())

{

//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理

}

在上面的程序代码中，我们以 GET 方式访问了网址 http://www.baidu.com/s ，传递了参数“参数一=值一”，由于无法告知对方提交数据的编码类型，所以编码方式要以对方的网站为标准。常见的网站中， www.baidu.com （百度）的编码方式是 gb2312, www.google.com （谷歌）的编码方式是 utf8。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式4. 使用 POST 方式提交中文数据。

POST 方式通过在页面内容中填写参数的方法来完成数据的提交，由于提交的参数中可以说明使用的编码方式，所以理论上能获得更大的兼容性。用 gb2312 方式编码访问的程序代码如下：

Encoding myEncoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"); //确定中文编码方式。此处用gb2312

string param = HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数一", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值一", myEncoding) + "&" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("参数二", myEncoding) + "=" + HttpUtility.UrlEncode("值二", myEncoding);

byte[] postBytes = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(param); //将参数转化为assic码

HttpWebRequest req = (HttpWebRequest) HttpWebRequest.Create( "http://www.baidu.com/s" );

req.Method = "POST";

req.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=gb2312";

req.ContentLength = postBytes.Length;

using (Stream reqStream = req.GetRequestStream())

{

reqStream.Write(bs, 0, bs.Length);

}

using (WebResponse wr = req.GetResponse())

{

//在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理

}

从上面的代码可以看出， POST 中文数据的时候，先使用 UrlEncode 方法将中文字符转换为编码后的 ASCII 码，然后提交到服务器，提交的时候可以说明编码的方式，用来使对方服务器能够正确的解析。

以上列出了客户端程序使用HTTP协议与服务器交互的情况，常用的是 GET 和 POST 方式。现在流行的 WebService 也是通过 HTTP 协议来交互的，使用的是 POST 方法。与以上稍有所不同的是， WebService 提交的数据内容和接收到的数据内容都是使用了 XML 方式编码。所以， HttpWebRequest 也可以使用在调用 WebService 的情况下。

C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式的基本内容就向你介绍到这里，希望对你了解和学习C# HttpWebRequest提交数据方式有所帮助。

#region 公共方法
        /// <summary>
        /// Get数据接口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="getUrl">接口地址</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string GetWebRequest(string getUrl)
        {
            string responseContent = "";

            HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(getUrl);
            request.ContentType = "application/json";
            request.Method = "GET";

            HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse();
            //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
            using (Stream resStream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(resStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                {
                    responseContent = reader.ReadToEnd().ToString();
                }
            }
            return responseContent;
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Post数据接口
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="postUrl">接口地址</param>
        /// <param name="paramData">提交json数据</param>
        /// <param name="dataEncode">编码方式(Encoding.UTF8)</param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private static string PostWebRequest(string postUrl, string paramData, Encoding dataEncode)
        {
            string responseContent = string.Empty;
            try
            {
                byte[] byteArray = dataEncode.GetBytes(paramData); //转化
                HttpWebRequest webReq = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(new Uri(postUrl));
                webReq.Method = "POST";
                webReq.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
                webReq.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
                using (Stream reqStream = webReq.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    reqStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);//写入参数
                    //reqStream.Close();
                }
                using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)webReq.GetResponse())
                {
                    //在这里对接收到的页面内容进行处理
                    using (StreamReader sr = new StreamReader(response.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.Default))
                    {
                        responseContent = sr.ReadToEnd().ToString();
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                return ex.Message;
            }
            return responseContent;
        }

        #endregion

post get

post支持cookie

        /// <summary>
        /// 发起Post请求（采用HttpWebRequest，支持传Cookie）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strUrl">请求Url</param>
        /// <param name="formData">发送的表单数据</param>
        /// <param name="strResult">返回请求结果（如果请求失败，返回异常消息）</param>
        /// <param name="cookieContainer">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息，如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param>
        /// <returns>返回：是否请求成功</returns>
        public static bool HttpPost(string strUrl, Dictionary<string, string> formData, CookieContainer cookieContainer, out string strResult)
        {
            string strPostData = null;
            if (formData != null && formData.Count > 0)
            {
                StringBuilder sbData = new StringBuilder();
                int i = 0;
                foreach (KeyValuePair<string, string> data in formData)
                {
                    if (i > 0)
                    {
                        sbData.Append("&");
                    }
                    sbData.AppendFormat("{0}={1}", data.Key, data.Value);
                    i++;
                }
                strPostData = sbData.ToString();
            }

            byte[] postBytes = string.IsNullOrEmpty(strPostData) ? new byte[0] : Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strPostData);

            return HttpPost(strUrl, postBytes, cookieContainer, out strResult);
        }

HttpWebRequest，支持传Cookie

post上传文件

        /// <summary>
        /// 发起Post文件请求（采用HttpWebRequest，支持传Cookie）
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="strUrl">请求Url</param>
        /// <param name="strFilePostName">上传文件的PostName</param>
        /// <param name="strFilePath">上传文件路径</param>
        /// <param name="cookieContainer">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息，如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param>
        /// <param name="strResult">返回请求结果（如果请求失败，返回异常消息）</param>
        /// <returns>返回：是否请求成功</returns>
        public static bool HttpPostFile(string strUrl, string strFilePostName, string strFilePath, CookieContainer cookieContainer, out string strResult)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = null;
            FileStream fileStream = FileHelper.GetFileStream(strFilePath);

            try
            {
                if (fileStream == null)
                {
                    throw new FileNotFoundException();
                }

                request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(strUrl);
                request.Method = "POST";
                request.KeepAlive = false;
                request.Timeout = 30000;

                if (cookieContainer != null)
                {
                    request.CookieContainer = cookieContainer;
                }

                string boundary = string.Format("---------------------------{0}", DateTime.Now.Ticks.ToString("x"));

                byte[] header = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format("--{0}\r\nContent-Disposition: form-data; name=\"{1}\"; filename=\"{2}\"\r\nContent-Type: application/octet-stream\r\n\r\n",
                    boundary, strFilePostName, Path.GetFileName(strFilePath)));
                byte[] footer = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format("\r\n--{0}--\r\n", boundary));

                request.ContentType = string.Format("multipart/form-data; boundary={0}", boundary);
                request.ContentLength = header.Length + fileStream.Length + footer.Length;

                using (Stream reqStream = request.GetRequestStream())
                {
                    // 写入分割线及数据信息
                    reqStream.Write(header, 0, header.Length);

                    // 写入文件
                    FileHelper.WriteFile(reqStream, fileStream);

                    // 写入尾部
                    reqStream.Write(footer, 0, footer.Length);
                }

                strResult = GetResponseResult(request, cookieContainer);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                strResult = ex.Message;
                return false;
            }
            finally
            {
                if (request != null)
                {
                    request.Abort();
                }
                if (fileStream != null)
                {
                    fileStream.Close();
                }
            }

            return true;
        }


        /// <summary>
        /// 获取请求结果字符串
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="request">请求对象（发起请求之后）</param>
        /// <param name="cookieContainer">随同HTTP请求发送的Cookie信息，如果不需要身份验证可以为空</param>
        /// <returns>返回请求结果字符串</returns>
        private static string GetResponseResult(HttpWebRequest request, CookieContainer cookieContainer = null)
        {
            using (HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse())
            {
                if (cookieContainer != null)
                {
                    response.Cookies = cookieContainer.GetCookies(response.ResponseUri);
                }
                using (Stream rspStream = response.GetResponseStream())
                {
                    using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(rspStream, Encoding.UTF8))
                    {
                        return reader.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

Post文件请求

上传文件： https://www.cnblogs.com/lizejia/p/7489704.html

https://www.cnblogs.com/stgp/p/6279112.html

OAuth头部

//构造OAuth头部 
StringBuilder oauthHeader = new StringBuilder(); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("OAuth realm=\"\", oauth_consumer_key={0}, ", apiKey); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_nonce={0}, ", nonce); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_timestamp={0}, ", timeStamp); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_signature_method={0}, ", "HMAC-SHA1"); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_version={0}, ", "1.0"); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_signature={0}, ", sig); 
oauthHeader.AppendFormat("oauth_token={0}", accessToken); 

//构造请求 
StringBuilder requestBody = new StringBuilder(""); 
Encoding encoding = Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8"); 
byte[] data = encoding.GetBytes(requestBody.ToString()); 

// Http Request的设置 
HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(uri); 
request.Headers.Set("Authorization", oauthHeader.ToString());
//request.Headers.Add("Authorization", authorization); 
request.ContentType = "application/atom+xml"; 
request.Method = "GET";

OAuth头部

C#通过WebClient/HttpWebRequest实现http的post/get方法

1.POST方法(httpWebRequest)

//body是要传递的参数,格式"roleId=1&uid=2"
//post的cotentType填写:"application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
//soap填写:"text/xml; charset=utf-8"
    public static string PostHttp(string url, string body, string contentType)
    {
        HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url);

        httpWebRequest.ContentType = contentType;
        httpWebRequest.Method = "POST";
        httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;

        byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
        httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
        httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);

        HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
        StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
        string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

        httpWebResponse.Close();
        streamReader.Close();
        httpWebRequest.Abort();
        httpWebResponse.Close();

        return responseContent;
    }

POST方法(httpWebRequest)

POST方法(httpWebRequest)

2.POST方法(WebClient)

/// <summary>
        /// 通过WebClient类Post数据到远程地址，需要Basic认证；
        /// 调用端自己处理异常
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri"></param>
        /// <param name="paramStr">name=张三&age=20</param>
        /// <param name="encoding">请先确认目标网页的编码方式</param>
        /// <param name="username"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Request_WebClient(string uri, string paramStr, Encoding encoding, string username, string password)
        {
            if (encoding == null)
                encoding = Encoding.UTF8;

            string result = string.Empty;

            WebClient wc = new WebClient();

            // 采取POST方式必须加的Header
            wc.Headers.Add("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

            byte[] postData = encoding.GetBytes(paramStr);

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
            {
                wc.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password);
                wc.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password));
            }

            byte[] responseData = wc.UploadData(uri, "POST", postData); // 得到返回字符流
            return encoding.GetString(responseData);// 解码                  
        }

POST方法(WebClient)

POST方法(WebClient)

3.Get方法(httpWebRequest)

public static string GetHttp(string url, HttpContext httpContext)
    {
        string queryString = "?";

        foreach (string key in httpContext.Request.QueryString.AllKeys)
        {
            queryString += key + "=" + httpContext.Request.QueryString[key] + "&";
        }

        queryString = queryString.Substring(0, queryString.Length - 1);

        HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create(url + queryString);

        httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/json";
        httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";
        httpWebRequest.Timeout = 20000;

        //byte[] btBodys = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(body);
        //httpWebRequest.ContentLength = btBodys.Length;
        //httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream().Write(btBodys, 0, btBodys.Length);

        HttpWebResponse httpWebResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();
        StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(httpWebResponse.GetResponseStream());
        string responseContent = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

        httpWebResponse.Close();
        streamReader.Close();

        return responseContent;
    }

Get方法(HttpWebRequest)

Get方法(httpWebRequest)

4.basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse

/// <summary>
        /// 通过 WebRequest/WebResponse 类访问远程地址并返回结果，需要Basic认证；
        /// 调用端自己处理异常
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="uri"></param>
        /// <param name="timeout">访问超时时间，单位毫秒；如果不设置超时时间，传入0</param>
        /// <param name="encoding">如果不知道具体的编码，传入null</param>
        /// <param name="username"></param>
        /// <param name="password"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Request_WebRequest(string uri, int timeout, Encoding encoding, string username, string password)
        {
            string result = string.Empty;

            WebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(new Uri(uri));

            if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(username) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(password))
            {
                request.Credentials = GetCredentialCache(uri, username, password);
                request.Headers.Add("Authorization", GetAuthorization(username, password));
            }

            if (timeout > 0)
                request.Timeout = timeout;

            WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
            Stream stream = response.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader sr = encoding == null ? new StreamReader(stream) : new StreamReader(stream, encoding);

            result = sr.ReadToEnd();

            sr.Close();
            stream.Close();

            return result;
        }

        #region # 生成 Http Basic 访问凭证 #

        private static CredentialCache GetCredentialCache(string uri, string username, string password)
        {
            string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);

            CredentialCache credCache = new CredentialCache();
            credCache.Add(new Uri(uri), "Basic", new NetworkCredential(username, password));

            return credCache;
        }

        private static string GetAuthorization(string username, string password)
        {
            string authorization = string.Format("{0}:{1}", username, password);

            return "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization));
        }

        #endregion

basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse

basic验证的WebRequest/WebResponse

https://www.cnblogs.com/Xujg/p/4113387.html

C#语言写的关于HttpWebRequest 类的使用方法

http://www.jb51.net/article/57156.htm

using System;

using System.Collections.Generic;

using System.IO;

using System.Net;

using System.Text;

namespace HttpWeb

{

    /// <summary> 

    ///  Http操作类 

    /// </summary> 

    public static class httptest

    {

        /// <summary> 

        ///  获取网址HTML 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL)

        {

            WebRequest wrt;

            wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);

            wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

            WebResponse wrp;

            wrp = wrt.GetResponse();

            string reader = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();

            try

            {

                wrt.GetResponse().Close();

            }

            catch (WebException ex)

            {

                throw ex;

            }

            return reader;

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// 获取网站cookie 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, out string cookie)

        {

            WebRequest wrt;

            wrt = WebRequest.Create(URL);

            wrt.Credentials = CredentialCache.DefaultCredentials;

            WebResponse wrp;

            wrp = wrt.GetResponse();
            string html = new StreamReader(wrp.GetResponseStream(), Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312")).ReadToEnd();

            try

            {

                wrt.GetResponse().Close();

            }

            catch (WebException ex)

            {

                throw ex;

            }

            cookie = wrp.Headers.Get("Set-Cookie");

            return html;

        }

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header, string server)

        {

            return GetHtml(server, URL, postData, cookie, out header);

        }

        public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, string postData, string cookie, out string header)

        {

            byte[] byteRequest = Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312").GetBytes(postData);

            return GetHtml(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);

        }

        public static string GetHtml(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)

        {

            byte[] bytes = GetHtmlByBytes(server, URL, byteRequest, cookie, out header);

            Stream getStream = new MemoryStream(bytes);

            StreamReader streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));

            string getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            streamReader.Close();

            getStream.Close();

            return getString;

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// Post模式浏览 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="byteRequest">流 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> 

        /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static byte[] GetHtmlByBytes(string server, string URL, byte[] byteRequest, string cookie, out string header)

        {

            long contentLength;

            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;

            HttpWebResponse webResponse;

            Stream getStream;

            httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);

            CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();

            co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);

            httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;

            httpWebRequest.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";

            httpWebRequest.Accept =

                "image/gif, image/x-xbitmap, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, application/msword, */*";

            httpWebRequest.Referer = server;

            httpWebRequest.UserAgent =

                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";

            httpWebRequest.Method = "Post";

            httpWebRequest.ContentLength = byteRequest.Length;

            Stream stream;

            stream = httpWebRequest.GetRequestStream();

            stream.Write(byteRequest, 0, byteRequest.Length);

            stream.Close();

            webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();

            header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();

            getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();

            contentLength = webResponse.ContentLength;

            byte[] outBytes = new byte[contentLength];

            outBytes = ReadFully(getStream);

            getStream.Close();

            return outBytes;

        }

        public static byte[] ReadFully(Stream stream)

        {

            byte[] buffer = new byte[128];

            using (MemoryStream ms = new MemoryStream())

            {

                while (true)

                {

                    int read = stream.Read(buffer, 0, buffer.Length);

                    if (read <= 0)

                        return ms.ToArray();

                    ms.Write(buffer, 0, read);

                }

            }

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// Get模式 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookies </param> 

        /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> 

        /// <param name="server">服务器 </param> 

        /// <param name="val">服务器 </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server)

        {

            return GetHtml(URL, cookie, out header, server, "");

        }

        /// <summary> 

        /// Get模式浏览 

        /// </summary> 

        /// <param name="URL">Get网址 </param> 

        /// <param name="cookie">cookie </param> 

        /// <param name="header">句柄 </param> 

        /// <param name="server">服务器地址 </param> 

        /// <param name="val"> </param> 

        /// <returns> </returns> 

        public static string GetHtml(string URL, string cookie, out string header, string server, string val)

        {

            HttpWebRequest httpWebRequest;

            HttpWebResponse webResponse;

            Stream getStream;

            StreamReader streamReader;

            string getString = "";

            httpWebRequest = (HttpWebRequest)HttpWebRequest.Create(URL);

            httpWebRequest.Accept = "*/*";

            httpWebRequest.Referer = server;

            CookieContainer co = new CookieContainer();

            co.SetCookies(new Uri(server), cookie);

            httpWebRequest.CookieContainer = co;

            httpWebRequest.UserAgent =

                "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; SV1; Maxthon; .NET CLR 1.1.4322)";

            httpWebRequest.Method = "GET";

            webResponse = (HttpWebResponse)httpWebRequest.GetResponse();

            header = webResponse.Headers.ToString();

            getStream = webResponse.GetResponseStream();

            streamReader = new StreamReader(getStream, Encoding.GetEncoding("gb2312"));

            getString = streamReader.ReadToEnd();

            streamReader.Close();

            getStream.Close();

            return getString;

        }

   }

}

View Code

有空查看：

    /// <summary>
    /// 作用描述： WebRequest操作类
    /// </summary>
    public static class CallWebRequest
    {
        /// <summary>
        /// 通过GET请求获取数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Get(string url)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;
            //每次请求绕过代理，解决第一次调用慢的问题
            request.Proxy = null;
            //多线程并发调用时默认2个http连接数限制的问题，讲其设为1000
            ServicePoint currentServicePoint = request.ServicePoint;
            currentServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = 1000;
            HttpWebResponse response = request.GetResponse() as HttpWebResponse;
            string str;
            using (Stream responseStream = response.GetResponseStream())
            {
                Encoding encode = Encoding.GetEncoding("utf-8");
                StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(responseStream, encode);
                str = reader.ReadToEnd();          
            }
            response.Close();
            response = null;
            request.Abort();
            request = null;
            return str;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 通过POST请求传递数据
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="url"></param>
        /// <param name="postData"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string Post(string url, string postData)
        {
            HttpWebRequest request = WebRequest.Create(url) as HttpWebRequest;

            //将发送数据转换为二进制格式
            byte[] byteArray = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(postData);
            //要POST的数据大于1024字节的时候, 浏览器并不会直接就发起POST请求, 而是会分为俩步：
            //1. 发送一个请求, 包含一个Expect:100-continue, 询问Server使用愿意接受数据
            //2. 接收到Server返回的100-continue应答以后, 才把数据POST给Server
            //直接关闭第一步验证
            request.ServicePoint.Expect100Continue = false;
            //是否使用Nagle：不使用，提高效率 
            request.ServicePoint.UseNagleAlgorithm = false;
            //设置最大连接数
            request.ServicePoint.ConnectionLimit = 65500;
            //指定压缩方法
            //request.Headers.Add(HttpRequestHeader.AcceptEncoding, "gzip,deflate");
            request.KeepAlive = false;
            //request.ContentType = "application/json";
            request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded";
            
            request.Method = "POST";
            request.Timeout = 20000;
            request.ContentLength = byteArray.Length;
            //关闭缓存
            request.AllowWriteStreamBuffering = false;

            //每次请求绕过代理，解决第一次调用慢的问题
            request.Proxy = null;
            //多线程并发调用时默认2个http连接数限制的问题，讲其设为1000
            ServicePoint currentServicePoint = request.ServicePoint;

            Stream dataStream = request.GetRequestStream();
            dataStream.Write(byteArray, 0, byteArray.Length);
            dataStream.Close();

            WebResponse response = request.GetResponse();
            //获取服务器返回的数据流
            dataStream = response.GetResponseStream();
            StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(dataStream);
            string responseFromServer = reader.ReadToEnd();
            reader.Close();
            dataStream.Close();
            request.Abort();
            response.Close();
            reader.Dispose();
            dataStream.Dispose();
            return responseFromServer;
        }
    }

post get操作类

    /// <summary>
    /// 用于外部接口调用封装
    /// </summary>
    public static class ApiInterface
    {

        /// <summary>
        ///验证密码是否正确
        /// </summary>
        public static Api_ToConfig<object> checkPwd(int userId, string old)
        {
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/checkPwd";
            var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url + "?id=" + userId, "&oldPwd=" + old));
            //var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "{\"id\":" + userId + ",oldPwd:\"" + old + "\",newPwd:\"" + pwd + "\"}"));
            return data;
        }

        /// <summary>
        ///
        /// </summary>
        public static Api_ToConfig<object> UpdatePassword(int userId, string pwd, string old)
        {
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/updatePwd";
            var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url + "?id=" + userId + "&oldPwd=" + old, "&newPwd=" + pwd));
            //var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "{\"id\":" + userId + ",oldPwd:\"" + old + "\",newPwd:\"" + pwd + "\"}"));
            return data;
        }




        private static DateTime GetTime(string timeStamp)
        {
            DateTime dtStart = TimeZone.CurrentTimeZone.ToLocalTime(new DateTime(1970, 1, 1));
            long lTime = long.Parse(timeStamp + "0000");
            TimeSpan toNow = new TimeSpan(lTime); return dtStart.Add(toNow);
        }


        #region 公共方法

        /// <summary>
        /// 配置文件key
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="key"></param>
        /// <param name="isOutKey"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static string GetConfig(string key, bool isOutKey = false)
        {
            //  CacheRedis.Cache.RemoveObject(RedisKey.ConfigList);
            var data = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<Api_BaseToConfig<Api_Config>>(RedisKey.ConfigList);

            //  var data = new Api_BaseToConfig<Api_Config>();
            if (data == null)
            {
                string dataCenterUrl = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl");
                string configurationInfoListByFilter = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("ConfigurationInfoListByFilter");

                string systemCoding = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("SystemCoding");
                string nodeIdentifier = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("NodeIdentifier");
                string para = "systemIdf=" + systemCoding + "&nodeIdf=" + nodeIdentifier + "";
                //string para = "{\"systemIdf\":\"" + systemCoding + "\",\"nodeIdf\":\"" + nodeIdentifier + "\"}";

                string result = CallWebRequest.Post(dataCenterUrl + "/rest" + configurationInfoListByFilter, para);
                data =
                    Json.ToObject<Api_BaseToConfig<Api_Config>>(result);
                CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.ConfigList, data);
            }
            if (data.Status)
            {
                if (isOutKey && ConfigServer.IsOutside())
                {
                    key += "_outside";
                }
                key = key.ToLower();
                var firstOrDefault = data.Data.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Identifier.ToLower() == key);
                if (firstOrDefault != null)
                {
                    return firstOrDefault.Value;
                }
                else
                {
                    if (key.IndexOf("_outside") > -1)
                    {
                        firstOrDefault = data.Data.FirstOrDefault(e => e.Identifier == key.Substring(0, key.LastIndexOf("_outside")));
                        if (firstOrDefault != null)
                            return firstOrDefault.Value;
                    }
                }
            }
            return "";
        }

        public static string WebPostRequest(string url, string postData)
        {
            return CallWebRequest.Post(url, postData);
        }
        public static string WebGetRequest(string url)
        {
            return CallWebRequest.Get(url);
        }

        #endregion


        #region 参数转换方法
        private static string ConvertClassIds(string classIds)
        {
            var list = classIds.Split(',');
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{\"class_id_list\": [");
            foreach (var s in list)
            {
                sb.Append("{\"classId\": \"" + s + "\"},");
            }
            if (list.Any())
                sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);

            sb.Append("]}");

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        private static string ConvertLabIds(string labIds)
        {
            var list = labIds.Split(',');
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{\"lab_id_list\": [");
            foreach (var s in list)
            {
                sb.Append("{\"labId\": \"" + s + "\"},");
            }
            if (list.Any())
                sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);

            sb.Append("]}");

            return sb.ToString();
        }

        private static string ConvertCardNos(string cardNos)
        {
            var list = cardNos.Split(',');
            StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("{\"student_cardNos_list\": [");
            foreach (var s in list)
            {
                sb.Append("{\"stuCardNo\": \"" + s + "\"},");
            }
            if (list.Any())
                sb.Remove(sb.Length - 1, 1);

            sb.Append("]}");

            return sb.ToString();
        }
        #endregion



        /// <summary>
        /// 设置公文已读
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="beginTime"></param>
        /// <param name="endTime"></param>
        /// <param name="userId"></param>
        /// <param name="currentPage"></param>
        /// <param name="pageSize"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Api_ToConfig<object> FlowService(string id)
        {
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("FlowService");
            var data = Json.ToObject<Api_ToConfig<object>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url + "?Copyid=" + id, ""));
            return data;
        }


        /// <summary>
        ///获取OA工作流数据
        /// </summary>
        public static string getOAWorkFlowData(string userName, string userId)
        {
            var url = GetConfig("platform.application.oa.url") + WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("OAWorkFlowData");
            var data = CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&account=" + userName + "&userId=" + userId);
            return data;

        }

        public static List<Api_Course> GetDreamClassCourse(string userId)
        {
            List<Api_Course> list = new List<Api_Course>();
            list = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<List<Api_Course>>(RedisKey.DreamCourse + userId);
            if (list != null && list.Count > 0)
                return list;

            var url = GetConfig("platform.system.dreamclass.url", true) + "rest/getTeacherCourseInfo";
            var result = Json.ToObject<ApiResult<Api_Course>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userId=" + userId));
            if (result.state)
                list = result.data;
            CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.DreamCourse + userId, list, 30);//缓存30分钟失效
            return list;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 用户信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="userId"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public static Api_User GetUserInfoByUserName(string userName)
        {
            var model = new Api_User();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/getUserInfoByUserName";
            var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_User>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName));
            if (result.status == true && result.data != null)
                model = result.data;
            return model;
        }

        public static Api_User GetUserInfoByUserId(string userId)
        {
            var model = new Api_User();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/getUserInfoByUserId";
            var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_User>>(CallWebRequest.Get(url + "?userId=" + userId));
            if (result.status == true && result.data != null)
                model = result.data;
            return model;
        }

        public static Api_User GetUserByUserId(string userId)
        {
            var model = new Api_User();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/getUserByUserId";
            var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_User>>(CallWebRequest.Get(url + "?userId=" + userId));
            if (result.status == true && result.data != null)
                model = result.data;
            return model;
        }


        public static ApiBase<string> UserExist(string userName)
        {
            ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/checkUserExists";
            result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName));
            return result;

        }
        public static ApiBase<string> CheckUserPwd(string userName, string pwd)
        {
            ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/checkUserPsw";
            result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName + "&psw=" + pwd));
            return result;

        }
        public static ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion> GetAnswerQuestion(string userName)
        {
            ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion> result = new ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion>();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/safety/getSafetyByUserName";
            result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_AnswerQuestion>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName));
            return result;
        }

        public static ApiBase<string> ResetUserPassword(string userName, string newPassWord)
        {
            ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/resetUserPasswordByUserName";
            result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userName=" + userName + "&newPassWord=" + newPassWord));
            return result;
        }
        public static ApiBase<string> ChangeUserSafeAnswer(string userId, string answer1, string answer2, string answer3, string safeId)
        {
            ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/safety/batchUpdageSafety";
            result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&data=[{editor:\"" + userId + "\",safetyAnswerOne:\"" + answer1 + "\",safetyAnswerTwo:\"" + answer2 + "\",safetyAnswerThree:\"" + answer3 + "\",safetyId:" + safeId + "}]"));
            return result;
        }

        public static ApiBase<string> UpdateUserPhoto(string userId, string userPhoto)
        {
            ApiBase<string> result = new ApiBase<string>();
            var url = WebConfigManager.GetAppSettings("DataCenterUrl") + "/rest/user/updataUserInfo";
            result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<string>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&data=[{userId:\"" + userId + "\",userPhoto:\"" + userPhoto + "\"}]"));
            return result;
        }

        public static Api_DreamClassUserInfo GetDreamClassUser(string userId)
        {
            var model = new Api_DreamClassUserInfo();
            //model = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<Api_DreamClassUserInfo>(RedisKey.DreamCourseUser + userId);
            var url = GetConfig("platform.system.dreamclass.url", true) + "rest/getUserInfo";
            var result = Json.ToObject<ApiBase<Api_DreamClassUserInfo>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&userId=" + userId));
            if (result.state == true && result.data != null)
            {
                model = result.data;
                //CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.DreamCourseUser+userId,model);
            }

            return model;
        }

        public static List<Api_BitCourse> GetBitCourseList(string userName)
        {
            List<Api_BitCourse> list = new List<Api_BitCourse>();
            list = CacheRedis.Cache.Get<List<Api_BitCourse>>(RedisKey.BitCourse + userName);
            if (list != null && list.Count > 0)
                return list;
            try
            {
                var url = GetConfig("platform.system.szhjxpt.url", true) + "/Services/DtpServiceWJL.asmx/GetMyCourseByLoginName";
                var result = Json.ToObject<ApiConfig<Api_BitCourse>>(CallWebRequest.Post(url, "&loginName=" + userName));

                if (result.success)
                    list = result.datas;
                CacheRedis.Cache.Set(RedisKey.BitCourse + userName, list, 30);//缓存30分钟失效
            }
            catch (Exception exception)
            {
                list = new List<Api_BitCourse>();
                Log.Error(exception.Message);
            }

            return list;
        }
    }