python如何导入函数_如何正确使用python的导入函数__import __()

文档 H2>

__import__的文档是内置函数中最差的。

__import__(...)

__import__(name, globals=None, locals=None, fromlist=(), level=0) -> module

Import a module. Because this function is meant for use by the Python

interpreter and not for general use it is better to use

importlib.import_module() to programmatically import a module.

The globals argument is only used to determine the context;

they are not modified. The locals argument is unused. The fromlist

should be a list of names to emulate ``from name import ...'', or an

empty list to emulate ``import name''.

When importing a module from a package, note that __import__('A.B', ...)

returns package A when fromlist is empty, but its submodule B when

fromlist is not empty. Level is used to determine whether to perform

absolute or relative imports. 0 is absolute while a positive number

is the number of parent directories to search relative to the current module.如果仔细阅读，您会发现API最初旨在允许从模块中延迟加载函数。但是，这不是CPython的工作方式，而且我不知道Python的任何其他实现是否已成功实现。

相反，CPython在第一次导入时执行模块命名空间中的所有代码，之后模块缓存在sys.modules中。

__import__仍然有用。但是根据文档理解它的作用是相当困难的。

完全使用__import__ h2>

要调整完整功能以演示当前的__import__ API，这里是一个包装器函数，其中包含更清晰，更好的文档API。

def importer(name, root_package=False, relative_globals=None, level=0):

""" We only import modules, functions can be looked up on the module.

Usage:

from foo.bar import baz

>>> baz = importer('foo.bar.baz')

import foo.bar.baz

>>> foo = importer('foo.bar.baz', root_package=True)

>>> foo.bar.baz

from .. import baz (level = number of dots)

>>> baz = importer('baz', relative_globals=globals(), level=2)

"""

return __import__(name, locals=None, # locals has no use

globals=relative_globals,

fromlist=[] if root_package else [None],

level=level)为了证明，例如从姊妹套餐到巴兹：

baz = importer('foo.bar.baz')

foo = importer('foo.bar.baz', root_package=True)

baz2 = importer('bar.baz', relative_globals=globals(), level=2)

assert foo.bar.baz is baz is baz2

模块中名称的动态访问 h2>

要从baz模块按名称动态访问全局变量，请使用getattr。例如：

for name in dir(baz):

print(getattr(baz, name))