现在我们学习的的网络传输数据交换格式有两种:
JSON:以键值对的方式存储字符串,这样的字符串可以直接转化为对象。
XML:可扩展语言(超文本语言),主要用于交换数据。
在XML中有一个SAX,这个是用于解析的器,他的特点:逐行解析,占用内存少,解析速度也比较快。
所以,我今天带给大家的是利用XML交换数据。JSON比较简单,但是,这两种都是Android网络应用中常用的两种,需要掌握.
开始,我们会建立一个服务端,用于建立一个自定义的XML文件:
先建立一个Folder,然后在自定义一个xml文件:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Resource>
<Sing_info>
<Id>001</Id>
<Singer_name>Wanting</Singer_name>
<Sing_Name>Jar of love</Sing_Name>
</Sing_info>
<Sing_info>
<Id>002</Id>
<Singer_name>WestLife</Singer_name>
<Sing_Name>Forever love</Sing_Name>
</Sing_info>
</Resource>
我们可以先根据地址进行访问以下,是否成功!
然后,我们要建立一个客户端:
在客户端里面,我们需要一个实现序列化的接口,用来得到访问服务端的数据后进行赋值。
我们还需要一个得到post请求书局方式的辅助类,里面主要得到请求方式,然后与得到客户端的值与服务端进行交互,然后返回数据。
这里还需要一个主要的Activity和一个myHandler类继承DefaultHandler,并且重写里面的三个方法:characters、endElement、startElement
这里我们就先看看辅助类里面的代码:
package cn.xml.utils;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
public final class XML_Utils {
/*
* here ,need to create a utils to get the request
*/
public static String sendPost(String baseUrl, String Params) {
// define a url to get the url
URL url;
try {
url = new URL(baseUrl);
try {
// to get the request methos is post or get
HttpURLConnection con = (HttpURLConnection) url
.openConnection();
// set the engry
con.setDoInput(true);
con.setDoOutput(true);
// to output the stream
if (null != Params) {
OutputStream op = con.getOutputStream();
PrintWriter pw = new PrintWriter(op);
// to write the params in the pw
pw.print(Params);
pw.flush();
}
// to new a inputstreamt to input the stream
InputStream ip = con.getInputStream();
// and to create a bufferreader to get the stream
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(
new InputStreamReader(ip));
// to new a string buffered to get the content
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
// to create a string to get the stream
String str = null;
if ((str = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(str + "\n");
}
// to close the stream
br.close();
ip.close();
// to syso
System.out.println(sb);
return sb.toString();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
return e.toString()+"this is a e";
}
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
return e.toString()+"this is a e";
}
}
}
,然后,我们会由辅助类返回一些数据,这时,我们就可以利用我们实体类以及handler,可以用来得到这些值:
实体类:
package cn.xml.entity;
import java.io.Serializable;
public class xml_Entityable implements Serializable{
private String id;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String Singer_name;
public String getSinger_name() {
return Singer_name;
}
public void setSinger_name(String singer_name) {
Singer_name = singer_name;
}
public String getSing_name() {
return Sing_name;
}
public void setSing_name(String sing_name) {
Sing_name = sing_name;
}
public String Sing_name;
@Override
public String toString() {
return "xml_Entityable [id=" + id + ", Singer_name=" + Singer_name
+ ", Sing_name=" + Sing_name + "]";
}
},再看看继承defaultHandler里面的代码:
package cn.xml.entity;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import org.xml.sax.Attributes;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;
/*
* here need to extends the defaulthandler
*
* and there need to implement three methods of the defaultHandler
* */
public class myHandler extends DefaultHandler {
// to new a entity
xml_Entityable entity=new xml_Entityable();
//to define a list to get the allmusic
private ArrayList<xml_Entityable> allMusic=new ArrayList<xml_Entityable>();
// to define a get method
public ArrayList<xml_Entityable> getAllMusic(){
return allMusic;
}
//to define a string that name is Tag
private String Tag="";
//get the characters of the entity
@Override
public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int length)
throws SAXException {
//to define a string to get the data
String str=new String(ch,start,length);
if(Tag=="Sing_Name"){
entity.setSing_name(str);
}else if(Tag=="Singer_name"){
entity.setSinger_name(str);
}else if(Tag=="Id"){
entity.setId(str);
}
}
// to do something when the endElement
@Override
public void endElement(String uri, String localName, String qName)
throws SAXException {
if(localName=="Sing_info"){
allMusic.add(entity);
}
Tag="";
}
// to do something when the startElement
@Override
public void startElement(String uri, String localName, String qName,
Attributes attributes) throws SAXException {
System.out.println(localName+"s--------------df"+qName+"awefq");
Tag=localName;
if(Tag.equals("Sing_info")){
entity=new xml_Entityable();
}
}
},
最后我们就可以看看实现功能的主类:
package cn.xml.client;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.StringReader;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;
import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;
import org.xml.sax.InputSource;
import org.xml.sax.SAXException;
import org.xml.sax.XMLReader;
import cn.xml.entity.myHandler;
import cn.xml.entity.xml_Entityable;
import cn.xml.utils.XML_Utils;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.Message;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ListView;
public class XML_Client_11Activity extends Activity {
/**
* 这里我们需要一个接口
* 需要一个实体类(去获得与服务端返回的2数据以及赋值)
* /
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
private ListView disListView;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
//to set the values
disListView=(ListView) findViewById(R.id.list);
}
//to define a url
public String baseUrl="http://192.168.1.108:8080/XML_Server_11/Resourse/Main.xml";
//to implement the method of the button
public void onAction(View v){
//to do the button to get the xml's content
//and there need to new a thread
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//to send the request
String str=XML_Utils.sendPost(baseUrl, null);
System.out.println(str);
//to get the factory
SAXParserFactory factory=SAXParserFactory.newInstance();
//to get the parser(a mechine of the XML)
try {
SAXParser par=factory.newSAXParser();
//to get the stream
XMLReader reader=par.getXMLReader();
//to new a handler
myHandler handler=new myHandler();
//to set the handler to the reader
reader.setContentHandler(handler);
ArrayList<xml_Entityable> musicInfos=handler.getAllMusic();
//to send the msg
Message msg=mHandler.obtainMessage();
msg.obj=musicInfos;
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
try {
reader.parse(new InputSource(new StringReader(str)));
//and there need to send a ms
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
} catch (ParserConfigurationException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (SAXException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}).start();
}
Handler mHandler =new Handler(){
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
ArrayList<xml_Entityable> allMusic=(ArrayList<xml_Entityable>) msg.obj;
//定义一个集合,用于显示歌曲的名称
ArrayList<String> songs=new ArrayList<String>();
for (xml_Entityable song : allMusic) {
songs.add(song.getSing_name());
System.out.println(songs);
}
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(XML_Client_11Activity.this, android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,android.R.id.text1,songs);
disListView.setAdapter(adapter);
}
};
}
当然,这里我们布局文件里面的代码是不可少的:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:orientation="vertical" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="XML" />
<Button
android:id="@+id/btn"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="Dot me to look the XML"
android:onClick="onAction"
/>
<ListView
android:id="@+id/list"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>
记住,这里我们涉及到权限:
<!-- 添加网路权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>