堡垒机前戏
开发堡垒机之前,先来学习Python的paramiko模块,该模块机遇SSH用于连接远程服务器并执行相关操作
SSHClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行基本命令
基于用户名密码连接:
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import
paramiko
# 创建SSH对象
ssh
=
paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname
=
'c1.salt.com'
, port
=
22
, username
=
'wupeiqi'
, password
=
'123'
)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr
=
ssh.exec_command(
'df'
)
# 获取命令结果
result
=
stdout.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()
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1 import paramiko 2 3 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) 4 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', password='123') 5 6 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 7 ssh._transport = transport 8 9 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 10 print stdout.read() 11 12 transport.close()
基于公钥密钥连接:
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import
paramiko
private_key
=
paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa'
)
# 创建SSH对象
ssh
=
paramiko.SSHClient()
# 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
# 连接服务器
ssh.connect(hostname
=
'c1.salt.com'
, port
=
22
, username
=
'wupeiqi'
, key
=
private_key)
# 执行命令
stdin, stdout, stderr
=
ssh.exec_command(
'df'
)
# 获取命令结果
result
=
stdout.read()
# 关闭连接
ssh.close()
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1 import paramiko 2 3 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file('/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa') 4 5 transport = paramiko.Transport(('hostname', 22)) 6 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) 7 8 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 9 ssh._transport = transport 10 11 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 12 13 transport.close()
1 import paramiko 2 from io import StringIO 3 4 key_str = """-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY----- 5 MIIEpQIBAAKCAQEAq7gLsqYArAFco02/55IgNg0r7NXOtEM3qXpb/dabJ5Uyky/8 6 NEHhFiQ7deHIRIuTW5Zb0kD6h6EBbVlUMBmwJrC2oSzySLU1w+ZNfH0PE6W6fans 7 H80whhuc/YgP+fjiO+VR/gFcqib8Rll5UfYzf5H8uuOnDeIXGCVgyHQSmt8if1+e 8 7hn1MVO1Lrm9Fco8ABI7dyv8/ZEwoSfh2C9rGYgA58LT1FkBRkOePbHD43xNfAYC 9 tfLvz6LErMnwdOW4sNMEWWAWv1fsTB35PAm5CazfKzmam9n5IQXhmUNcNvmaZtvP 10 c4f4g59mdsaWNtNaY96UjOfx83Om86gmdkKcnwIDAQABAoIBAQCnDBGFJuv8aA7A 11 ZkBLe+GN815JtOyye7lIS1n2I7En3oImoUWNaJEYwwJ8+LmjxMwDCtAkR0XwbvY+ 12 c+nsKPEtkjb3sAu6I148RmwWsGncSRqUaJrljOypaW9dS+GO4Ujjz3/lw1lrxSUh 13 IqVc0E7kyRW8kP3QCaNBwArYteHreZFFp6XmtKMtXaEA3saJYILxaaXlYkoRi4k8 14 S2/K8aw3ZMR4tDCOfB4o47JaeiA/e185RK3A+mLn9xTDhTdZqTQpv17/YRPcgmwz 15 zu30fhVXQT/SuI0sO+bzCO4YGoEwoBX718AWhdLJFoFq1B7k2ZEzXTAtjEXQEWm6 16 01ndU/jhAasdfasdasdfasdfa3eraszxqwefasdfadasdffsFIfAsjQb4HdkmHuC 17 OeJrJOd+CYvdEeqJJNnF6AbHyYHIECkj0Qq1kEfLOEsqzd5nDbtkKBte6M1trbjl 18 HtJ2Yb8w6o/q/6Sbj7wf/cW3LIYEdeVCjScozVcQ9R83ea05J+QOAr4nAoGBAMaq 19 UzLJfLNWZ5Qosmir2oHStFlZpxspax/ln7DlWLW4wPB4YJalSVovF2Buo8hr8X65 20 lnPiE41M+G0Z7icEXiFyDBFDCtzx0x/RmaBokLathrFtI81UCx4gQPLaSVNMlvQA 21 539GsubSrO4LpHRNGg/weZ6EqQOXvHvkUkm2bDDJAoGATytFNxen6GtC0ZT3SRQM 22 WYfasdf3xbtuykmnluiofasd2sfmjnljkt7khghmghdasSDFGQfgaFoKfaawoYeH 23 C2XasVUsVviBn8kPSLSVBPX4JUfQmA6h8HsajeVahxN1U9e0nYJ0sYDQFUMTS2t8 24 RT57+WK/0ONwTWHdu+KnaJECgYEAid/ta8LQC3p82iNAZkpWlGDSD2yb/8rH8NQg 25 9tjEryFwrbMtfX9qn+8srx06B796U3OjifstjJQNmVI0qNlsJpQK8fPwVxRxbJS/ 26 pMbNICrf3sUa4sZgDOFfkeuSlgACh4cVIozDXlR59Z8Y3CoiW0uObEgvMDIfenAj 27 98pl3ZkCgYEAj/UCSni0dwX4pnKNPm6LUgiS7QvIgM3H9piyt8aipQuzBi5LUKWw 28 DlQC4Zb73nHgdREtQYYXTu7p27Bl0Gizz1sW2eSgxFU8eTh+ucfVwOXKAXKU5SeI 29 +MbuBfUYQ4if2N/BXn47+/ecf3A4KgB37Le5SbLDddwCNxGlBzbpBa0= 30 -----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----""" 31 32 private_key = paramiko.RSAKey(file_obj=StringIO(key_str)) 33 transport = paramiko.Transport(('10.0.1.40', 22)) 34 transport.connect(username='wupeiqi', pkey=private_key) 35 36 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 37 ssh._transport = transport 38 39 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('df') 40 result = stdout.read() 41 42 transport.close() 43 44 print(result)
SFTPClient
用于连接远程服务器并执行上传下载
基于用户名密码上传下载
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import
paramiko
transport
=
paramiko.Transport((
'hostname'
,
22
))
transport.connect(username
=
'wupeiqi'
,password
=
'123'
)
sftp
=
paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(
'/tmp/location.py'
,
'/tmp/test.py'
)
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get(
'remove_path'
,
'local_path'
)
transport.close()
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基于公钥密钥上传下载
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import
paramiko
private_key
=
paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(
'/home/auto/.ssh/id_rsa'
)
transport
=
paramiko.Transport((
'hostname'
,
22
))
transport.connect(username
=
'wupeiqi'
, pkey
=
private_key )
sftp
=
paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py
sftp.put(
'/tmp/location.py'
,
'/tmp/test.py'
)
# 将remove_path 下载到本地 local_path
sftp.get(
'remove_path'
,
'local_path'
)
transport.close()
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1 #!/usr/bin/env python 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- 3 import paramiko 4 import uuid 5 6 class Haproxy(object): 7 8 def __init__(self): 9 self.host = '172.16.103.191' 10 self.port = 22 11 self.username = 'wupeiqi' 12 self.pwd = '123' 13 self.__k = None 14 15 def create_file(self): 16 file_name = str(uuid.uuid4()) 17 with open(file_name,'w') as f: 18 f.write('sb') 19 return file_name 20 21 def run(self): 22 self.connect() 23 self.upload() 24 self.rename() 25 self.close() 26 27 def connect(self): 28 transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host,self.port)) 29 transport.connect(username=self.username,password=self.pwd) 30 self.__transport = transport 31 32 def close(self): 33 34 self.__transport.close() 35 36 def upload(self): 37 # 连接,上传 38 file_name = self.create_file() 39 40 sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self.__transport) 41 # 将location.py 上传至服务器 /tmp/test.py 42 sftp.put(file_name, '/home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py') 43 44 def rename(self): 45 46 ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() 47 ssh._transport = self.__transport 48 # 执行命令 49 stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command('mv /home/wupeiqi/tttttttttttt.py /home/wupeiqi/ooooooooo.py') 50 # 获取命令结果 51 result = stdout.read() 52 53 54 ha = Haproxy() 55 ha.run()
堡垒机的实现
实现思路:
堡垒机执行流程:
- 管理员为用户在服务器上创建账号(将公钥放置服务器,或者使用用户名密码)
- 用户登陆堡垒机,输入堡垒机用户名密码,现实当前用户管理的服务器列表
- 用户选择服务器,并自动登陆
- 执行操作并同时将用户操作记录
注:配置.brashrc实现ssh登陆后自动执行脚本,如:/usr/bin/python /home/wupeiqi/menu.py
实现过程
步骤一,实现用户登陆
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import
getpass
user
=
raw_input
(
'username:'
)
pwd
=
getpass.getpass(
'password'
)
if
user
=
=
'alex'
and
pwd
=
=
'123'
:
print
'登陆成功'
else
:
print
'登陆失败'
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步骤二,根据用户获取相关服务器列表
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dic
=
{
'alex'
: [
'172.16.103.189'
,
'c10.puppet.com'
,
'c11.puppet.com'
,
],
'eric'
: [
'c100.puppet.com'
,
]
}
host_list
=
dic[
'alex'
]
print
'please select:'
for
index, item
in
enumerate
(host_list,
1
):
print
index, item
inp
=
raw_input
(
'your select (No):'
)
inp
=
int
(inp)
hostname
=
host_list[inp
-
1
]
port
=
22
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步骤三,根据用户名、私钥登陆服务器
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tran
=
paramiko.Transport((hostname, port,))
tran.start_client()
default_path
=
os.path.join(os.environ[
'HOME'
],
'.ssh'
,
'id_rsa'
)
key
=
paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(default_path)
tran.auth_publickey(
'wupeiqi'
, key)
# 打开一个通道
chan
=
tran.open_session()
# 获取一个终端
chan.get_pty()
# 激活器
chan.invoke_shell()
#########
# 利用sys.stdin,肆意妄为执行操作
# 用户在终端输入内容,并将内容发送至远程服务器
# 远程服务器执行命令,并将结果返回
# 用户终端显示内容
#########
chan.close()
tran.close()
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1 while True: 2 # 监视用户输入和服务器返回数据 3 # sys.stdin 处理用户输入 4 # chan 是之前创建的通道,用于接收服务器返回信息 5 readable, writeable, error = select.select([chan, sys.stdin, ],[],[],1) 6 if chan in readable: 7 try: 8 x = chan.recv(1024) 9 if len(x) == 0: 10 print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n', 11 break 12 sys.stdout.write(x) 13 sys.stdout.flush() 14 except socket.timeout: 15 pass 16 if sys.stdin in readable: 17 inp = sys.stdin.readline() 18 chan.sendall(inp)
1 # 获取原tty属性 2 oldtty = termios.tcgetattr(sys.stdin) 3 try: 4 # 为tty设置新属性 5 # 默认当前tty设备属性: 6 # 输入一行回车,执行 7 # CTRL+C 进程退出,遇到特殊字符,特殊处理。 8 9 # 这是为原始模式,不认识所有特殊符号 10 # 放置特殊字符应用在当前终端,如此设置,将所有的用户输入均发送到远程服务器 11 tty.setraw(sys.stdin.fileno()) 12 chan.settimeout(0.0) 13 14 while True: 15 # 监视 用户输入 和 远程服务器返回数据(socket) 16 # 阻塞,直到句柄可读 17 r, w, e = select.select([chan, sys.stdin], [], [], 1) 18 if chan in r: 19 try: 20 x = chan.recv(1024) 21 if len(x) == 0: 22 print '\r\n*** EOF\r\n', 23 break 24 sys.stdout.write(x) 25 sys.stdout.flush() 26 except socket.timeout: 27 pass 28 if sys.stdin in r: 29 x = sys.stdin.read(1) 30 if len(x) == 0: 31 break 32 chan.send(x) 33 34 finally: 35 # 重新设置终端属性 36 termios.tcsetattr(sys.stdin, termios.TCSADRAIN, oldtty)
1 def windows_shell(chan): 2 import threading 3 4 sys.stdout.write("Line-buffered terminal emulation. Press F6 or ^Z to send EOF.\r\n\r\n") 5 6 def writeall(sock): 7 while True: 8 data = sock.recv(256) 9 if not data: 10 sys.stdout.write('\r\n*** EOF ***\r\n\r\n') 11 sys.stdout.flush() 12 break 13 sys.stdout.write(data) 14 sys.stdout.flush() 15 16 writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(chan,)) 17 writer.start() 18 19 try: 20 while True: 21 d = sys.stdin.read(1) 22 if not d: 23 break 24 chan.send(d) 25 except EOFError: 26 # user hit ^Z or F6 27 pass
注:密码验证 t.auth_password(username, pw)
详见:paramiko源码demo
数据库操作
Python 操作 Mysql 模块的安装
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linux:
yum install MySQL
-
python
window:
http:
/
/
files.cnblogs.com
/
files
/
wupeiqi
/
py
-
mysql
-
win.
zip
|
SQL基本使用
1、数据库操作
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show databases;
use [databasename];
create database [name];
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2、数据表操作
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show tables;
create table students
(
id
int
not
null auto_increment primary key,
name char(
8
)
not
null,
sex char(
4
)
not
null,
age tinyint unsigned
not
null,
tel char(
13
) null default
"-"
);
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1 CREATE TABLE `wb_blog` ( 2 `id` smallint(8) unsigned NOT NULL, 3 `catid` smallint(5) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT '0', 4 `title` varchar(80) NOT NULL DEFAULT '', 5 `content` text NOT NULL, 6 PRIMARY KEY (`id`), 7 UNIQUE KEY `catename` (`catid`) 8 ) ;
3、数据操作
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insert into students(name,sex,age,tel) values(
'alex'
,
'man'
,
18
,
'151515151'
)
delete
from
students where
id
=
2
;
update students
set
name
=
'sb'
where
id
=
1
;
select
*
from
students
|
4、其他
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主键
外键
左右连接
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Python MySQL API
一、插入数据
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import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)'
,(
'alex'
,
'usa'
))
# reCount = cur.execute('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%(id)s, %(name)s)',{'id':12345,'name':'wupeiqi'})
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
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1 import MySQLdb 2 3 conn = MySQLdb.connect(host='127.0.0.1',user='root',passwd='1234',db='mydb') 4 5 cur = conn.cursor() 6 7 li =[ 8 ('alex','usa'), 9 ('sb','usa'), 10 ] 11 reCount = cur.executemany('insert into UserInfo(Name,Address) values(%s,%s)',li) 12 13 conn.commit() 14 cur.close() 15 conn.close() 16 17 print reCount
注意:cur.lastrowid
二、删除数据
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import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'delete from UserInfo'
)
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
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三、修改数据
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import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'update UserInfo set Name = %s'
,(
'alin'
,))
conn.commit()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
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四、查数据
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# ############################## fetchone/fetchmany(num) ##############################
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'select * from UserInfo'
)
print
cur.fetchone()
print
cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(
-
1
,mode
=
'relative'
)
print
cur.fetchone()
print
cur.fetchone()
cur.scroll(
0
,mode
=
'absolute'
)
print
cur.fetchone()
print
cur.fetchone()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
# ############################## fetchall ##############################
import
MySQLdb
conn
=
MySQLdb.connect(host
=
'127.0.0.1'
,user
=
'root'
,passwd
=
'1234'
,db
=
'mydb'
)
#cur = conn.cursor(cursorclass = MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
cur
=
conn.cursor()
reCount
=
cur.execute(
'select Name,Address from UserInfo'
)
nRet
=
cur.fetchall()
cur.close()
conn.close()
print
reCount
print
nRet
for
i
in
nRet:
print
i[
0
],i[
1
]
|