Training—Interacting with Other Apps

阅读：https://developer.android.com/training/basics/intents/index.html

 

Implicit intents指的是你没有明确指明哪个程序来启动，只是告诉了系统你的Action或者其他数据就行了，一般还带有Data。

Uri number = Uri.parse("tel:5551234");
Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_DIAL, number);

URI Data 的代码写法.

// Map point based on address
Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
// Or map point based on latitude/longitude
// Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:37.422219,-122.08364?z=14"); // z param is zoom level
Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);

使用MAP

Uri webpage = Uri.parse("http://www.android.com");
Intent webIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, webpage);

打开网页

Other kinds of implicit intents require "extra" data that provide different data types, such as a string. You can add one or more pieces of extra data using the various putExtra() methods.

By default, the system determines the appropriate MIME type required by an intent based on the Uri data that's included. If you don't include a Uri in the intent, you should usually use setType() to specify the type of data associated with the intent. Setting the MIME type further specifies which kinds of activities should receive the intent.

　　另外一种implicit intents是使用"extra" data，一般系统会根据Data的URI来确定MIME，如果不使用DATA，那么应该在intent声明一下MIME。

Intent emailIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
// The intent does not have a URI, so declare the "text/plain" MIME type
emailIntent.setType(HTTP.PLAIN_TEXT_TYPE);
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, new String[] {"jon@example.com"}); // recipients
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Email subject");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, "Email message text");
emailIntent.putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_STREAM, Uri.parse("content://path/to/email/attachment"));
// You can also attach multiple items by passing an ArrayList of Uris

　　上面例子是发送邮件。

　　如果你的意图是明确的，应该尽可能的声明你的数据，这样就会避免MAP软件打开了一张图片，只要你声明了TYPE。

　　一般在发送intent之前，最好测试一下，是否有程序能够运行你的系统：

PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(intent, 0);
boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;

　　一个完整的查看MAP代码：

　　

// Build the intent
Uri location = Uri.parse("geo:0,0?q=1600+Amphitheatre+Parkway,+Mountain+View,+California");
Intent mapIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_VIEW, location);

// Verify it resolves
PackageManager packageManager = getPackageManager();
List<ResolveInfo> activities = packageManager.queryIntentActivities(mapIntent, 0);
boolean isIntentSafe = activities.size() > 0;

// Start an activity if it's safe
if (isIntentSafe) {
    startActivity(mapIntent);
}

　　这里有一个点需要注意，startACtivity之后，并不一定每次都使用默认的软件，例如“分享”功能，你可能每次想分享的地方不同，因此需要用到一下代码，让用户每次都选择在哪里分享：

　　

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_SEND);
...

// Always use string resources for UI text.
// This says something like "Share this photo with"
String title = getResources().getString(R.string.chooser_title);
// Create and start the chooser
Intent chooser = Intent.createChooser(intent, title);
startActivity(chooser);

　　

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通过Activity获取结果：

　　

static final int PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST = 1;  // The request code
...
private void pickContact() {
    Intent pickContactIntent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, Uri.parse("content://contacts"));
    pickContactIntent.setType(Phone.CONTENT_TYPE); // Show user only contacts w/ phone numbers
    startActivityForResult(pickContactIntent, PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST);
}

　　PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST用于辨别请求，当做是请求的ID号吧

　　当然还需要实现onActivityResult()，这方法有三个参数，第一个是请求的ID号，第二个是表示请求是否成功，只有两种结果RESULT_OK if the operation was successful or RESULT_CANCELED if the user backed out or the operation failed for some reason，第三个参数是包含了结果的intent。

　　

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    // Check which request we're responding to
    if (requestCode == PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST) {
        // Make sure the request was successful
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // The user picked a contact.
            // The Intent's data Uri identifies which contact was selected.

            // Do something with the contact here (bigger example below)
        }
    }
}

　　然而，你必须获取明白intent的格式才能正确使用结果。

　　一个例子：

　　

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
    // Check which request it is that we're responding to
    if (requestCode == PICK_CONTACT_REQUEST) {
        // Make sure the request was successful
        if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
            // Get the URI that points to the selected contact
            Uri contactUri = data.getData();
            // We only need the NUMBER column, because there will be only one row in the result
            String[] projection = {Phone.NUMBER};

            // Perform the query on the contact to get the NUMBER column
            // We don't need a selection or sort order (there's only one result for the given URI)
            // CAUTION: The query() method should be called from a separate thread to avoid blocking
            // your app's UI thread. (For simplicity of the sample, this code doesn't do that.)
            // Consider using CursorLoader to perform the query.
            Cursor cursor = getContentResolver()
                    .query(contactUri, projection, null, null, null);
            cursor.moveToFirst();

            // Retrieve the phone number from the NUMBER column
            int column = cursor.getColumnIndex(Phone.NUMBER);
            String number = cursor.getString(column);

            // Do something with the phone number...
        }
    }
}

注意，query必须在另外的线程启用，但是这里作为例子就不多处理了。

---

如果能做一个能响应用户行为的Activity就更好了。

系统通过intent的一下三点来判断谁来处理intent

Action

A string naming the action to perform. Usually one of the platform-defined values such as ACTION_SEND or ACTION_VIEW.

Specify this in your intent filter with the <action> element. The value you specify in this element must be the full string name for the action, instead of the API constant (see the examples below).

Data

A description of the data associated with the intent.

Specify this in your intent filter with the <data> element. Using one or more attributes in this element, you can specify just the MIME type, just a URI prefix, just a URI scheme, or a combination of these and others that indicate the data type accepted.

Note: If you don't need to declare specifics about the data Uri (such as when your activity handles to other kind of "extra" data, instead of a URI), you should specify only the android:mimeType attribute to declare the type of data your activity handles, such as text/plain or image/jpeg.

Category

Provides an additional way to characterize the activity handling the intent, usually related to the user gesture or location from which it's started. There are several different categories supported by the system, but most are rarely used. However, all implicit intents are defined with CATEGORY_DEFAULT by default.

Specify this in your intent filter with the <category> element.

　　因此在你的Activity过滤里边，可以使用<data><action><category>，Data的android:mimeType的设置确实有必要的。

　　

<activity android:name="ShareActivity">
    <intent-filter>
        <action android:name="android.intent.action.SEND"/>
        <category android:name="android.intent.category.DEFAULT"/>
        <data android:mimeType="text/plain"/>
        <data android:mimeType="image/*"/>
    </intent-filter>
</activity>

For example, here's an activity with an intent filter that handles the ACTION_SEND intent when the data type is either text or an image:

If any two pairs of action and data are mutually exclusive in their behaviors, you should create separate intent filters to specify which actions are acceptable when paired with which data types.

For example, suppose your activity handles both text and images for both the ACTION_SEND and ACTION_SENDTO intents. In this case, you must define two separate intent filters for the two actions because a ACTION_SENDTO intent must use the data Uri to specify the recipient's address using the send or sendto URI scheme. For example:

　　关于要定义多少个过滤器，要考虑到ACtion以及Data的类型。

In order to receive implicit intents, you must include the CATEGORY_DEFAULT category in the intent filter. The methods startActivity() and startActivityForResult() treat all intents as if they contained the CATEGORY_DEFAULT category. If you do not declare it, no implicit intents will resolve to your activity.

CATEGORY_DEFAULT的配置很重要，如果启用了不明确的intent，系统会指向CATEGORY_DEFAULT的APP。

　　通过getIntent获取intent：

　　

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    // Get the intent that started this activity
    Intent intent = getIntent();
    Uri data = intent.getData();

    // Figure out what to do based on the intent type
    if (intent.getType().indexOf("image/") != -1) {
        // Handle intents with image data ...
    } else if (intent.getType().equals("text/plain")) {
        // Handle intents with text ...
    }

返回结果使用下面的代码，记得finish还有RESULT_OK等。

// Create intent to deliver some kind of result data
Intent result = new Intent("com.example.RESULT_ACTION", Uri.parse("content://result_uri");
setResult(Activity.RESULT_OK, result);
finish();

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/yutoulck/p/3403501.html