局部变量
block内使用局部变量,一般都是截获变量(只读),截获离block初始化最近的一次的值。
引用官方文档:
- Stack (non-static) variables local to the enclosing lexical scope are captured as const variables.Their values are taken at the point of the block expression within the program. In nested blocks, the value is captured from the nearest enclosing scope.
我们做一个测试,了解一下原理
代码如下:
-(void )test3 { NSString *_person2=@"person2"; NSMutableArray *_listTest=[[NSMutableArray alloc]init]; //初始值 NSLog(@"init _person2:%@,%p",_person2,_person2); NSLog(@"init _listTest:%@,%p",_listTest,_listTest); void (^myBlock)(int) = ^(int num) { //block内赋值 // _weakPerson2=@"person22"; NSLog(@"excuteing _person2:%@,%p",_person2,_person2); NSLog(@"excuteing _listTest:%@,%p",_listTest,_listTest); }; //修改前赋值 _person2=@"person22"; [_listTest addObject:@"1212"]; NSLog(@"excutebefore _person2:%@,%p",_person2,_person2); NSLog(@"excutebefore _listTest:%@,%p",_listTest,_listTest); myBlock(1); //block执行后 NSLog(@"excuteafter _person2:%@,%p",_person2,_person2); NSLog(@"excuteafter _listTest:%@,%p",_listTest,_listTest); }
输出一下结果:
2014-07-29 11:05:29.460 Test[2540:60b] init _person2:person2,0xb18ec 2014-07-29 11:05:29.463 Test[2540:60b] init _listTest:( ),0x17d98560 2014-07-29 11:05:29.464 Test[2540:60b] excutebefore _person2:person22,0xb193c 2014-07-29 11:05:29.465 Test[2540:60b] excutebefore _listTest:( 1212 ),0x17d98560 2014-07-29 11:05:29.467 Test[2540:60b] excuteing _person2:person2,0xb18ec 2014-07-29 11:05:29.468 Test[2540:60b] excuteing _listTest:( 1212 ),0x17d98560 2014-07-29 11:05:29.470 Test[2540:60b] excuteafter _person2:person22,0xb193c 2014-07-29 11:05:29.471 Test[2540:60b] excuteafter _listTest:( 1212 ),0x17d98560
从日志可以看出:block内部对于可变、不可变的变量都无法修改,而且
- 在block初始化后对于NSString 变量 _person2 的修改,并没有同步到block内部,因为这时block外部的变量_person2指针重新指向另外一块内存
- 在block初始化后对于NSMutableArray变量 _listTest 的修改,同步到block内部,因为这时block外部的变量 _listTest 指针指向的内存地址没有变,只是对这块内存的值进行了操作。
我们可以借助
clang -rewrite-objc 转换.c文件得到.cpp文件,也可以转换.m也可以得到cpp文件(可能会有些报错)
以下是部分转换后的代码
//这里就是block对象的结构
//imp:函数指针对象,FuncPtr指向具体block实现的函数
//_person2:截获的变量
//isa、flags、funcptr、desc后面会说道。
//imp:函数指针对象,FuncPtr指向具体block实现的函数
//_person2:截获的变量
//isa、flags、funcptr、desc后面会说道。
struct __block_impl { void *isa; int Flags; int Reserved; void *FuncPtr; };
struct __KDBlockTest__test3_block_impl_0 { struct __block_impl impl; struct __KDBlockTest__test3_block_desc_0* Desc; NSString *_person2; NSMutableArray *_listTest; __KDBlockTest__test3_block_impl_0(void *fp, struct __KDBlockTest__test3_block_desc_0 *desc, NSString *__person2, NSMutableArray *__listTest, int flags=0) : _person2(__person2), _listTest(__listTest) { impl.isa = &_NSConcreteStackBlock; impl.Flags = flags; impl.FuncPtr = fp; Desc = desc; } };
//block实现的函数
static void __KDBlockTest__test3_block_func_0(struct __KDBlockTest__test3_block_impl_0 *__cself, int num) { NSString *_person2 = __cself->_person2; // bound by copy NSMutableArray *_listTest = __cself->_listTest; // bound by copy NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_4,_person2,_person2); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_5,_listTest,_listTest); }
//block对象的描述信息(大小等等)
static struct __main1_block_desc_0 { size_t reserved; size_t Block_size; } __main1_block_desc_0_DATA = { 0, sizeof(struct __main1_block_impl_0)};
//这是objc测试函数test
static void _I_KDBlockTest_test3(KDBlockTest * self, SEL _cmd) { NSString *_person2=(NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_1; NSMutableArray *_listTest=((id (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)((id (*)(id, SEL))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)objc_getClass("NSMutableArray"), sel_registerName("alloc")), sel_registerName("init")); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_2,_person2,_person2); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_3,_listTest,_listTest); void (*myBlock)(int) = (void (*)(int))&__KDBlockTest__test3_block_impl_0((void *)__KDBlockTest__test3_block_func_0, &__KDBlockTest__test3_block_desc_0_DATA, _person2, _listTest, 570425344); _person2=(NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_6; ((void (*)(id, SEL, id))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)_listTest, sel_registerName("addObject:"), (id)(NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_7); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_8,_person2,_person2); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_9,_listTest,_listTest); ((void (*)(__block_impl *, int))((__block_impl *)myBlock)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)myBlock, 1); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_10,_person2,_person2); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_11,_listTest,_listTest); }
简单分析block截获变量:
1).block初始化
void (*myBlock)(int) = (void (*)(int))&__KDBlockTest__test3_block_impl_0((void *)__KDBlockTest__test3_block_func_0, &__KDBlockTest__test3_block_desc_0_DATA, _person2, _listTest, 570425344);
传入了参数:函数指针、block描述、外部变量 _person2 和 _listTest,这时候在block内部对 _person2、_listTest 进行了引用
: _person2(__person2), _listTest(__listTest)
- 在block初始化后,我们对 _person2 做了修改,重新指向了 0xb193c 这块内存,但是不会影响block结构体成员_person2,因为成员 _person2 指向的是 0xb18ec。
- 向 _listTest 数组中添加了一个元素,并没有改变它的内存地址,依然还是 0x17d98560
_person2=(NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_6; ((void (*)(id, SEL, id))(void *)objc_msgSend)((id)_listTest, sel_registerName("addObject:"), (id)(NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_7);
2).执行block
((void (*)(__block_impl *))((__block_impl *)testBlock)->FuncPtr)((__block_impl *)testBlock);
其实还是调用了block对象里的函数对象(_block_imp1)的函数指针(FuncPtr) 所指向的函数__main1_block_func_0,并把block自己作为参数传递进去。
static void __KDBlockTest__test3_block_func_0(struct __KDBlockTest__test3_block_impl_0 *__cself, int num) { NSString *_person2 = __cself->_person2; // bound by copy NSMutableArray *_listTest = __cself->_listTest; // bound by copy NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_4,_person2,_person2); NSLog((NSString *)&__NSConstantStringImpl__var_folders_5l_2l25j3tn0wl_3zy1hpsq1rhc0000gp_T_KDBlockTest_6946c5_mi_5,_listTest,_listTest); }
总结:对于局部变量,变量不加__block修饰符,在block内部是无法修改变量的值。而且
- 对值类型的修改,如果block初始化后,无法同步到block内部
- 对于引用类型的修改,如果block初始化后,修改指针指向,即指向另外一块内存,这样也是无法同步到block内部
- 对于引用类型的修改,如果block初始化后,对指针指向的内存进行修改,即NSMutableArray add 、remove操作,这样是可以用同步到block内部,但block内部同样无法修改。