在终端输入并运行
sudo apt-get install vim
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup (备份当前的源列表,以便日後需要时恢复)
sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list (修改sources.list文件中源的列表)
sources.list文件中注释原有的并添加
1.国内可用的更新源地址:(1)中科大地址 http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases (2)163 http://mirrors.163.com (3)其它资源
2.sources.list配置方法
(1)打开sources.list
$sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list
(2)填写更新源的地址,格式如下:
deb 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号 main restricted universe multiverse
deb 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号 main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src 源地址/ubuntu/ 版本代号-backports main restricted universe multiverse
注意:版本代号的首字母大小写要根据源地址子文件名对应(国内通常为小写)!
(3)举例
举例1:中科大ubuntu8.10(intrepid)更新源的内容格式
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ intrepid-backports main restricted universe multiverse
举例2:中科大ubuntu14.10(utopic)更新源的内容格式
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu-old-releases/ubuntu/ utopic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
说明:
中科大支持的老版本ubuntu源(ubuntu-old-releases)有:
breezy/
dapper/
edgy/
feisty/
gutsy/
hardy/
hoary/
intrepid/
jaunty/
karmic/
lucid/
maverick/
natty/
oneiric/
quantal/
raring/
saucy/
utopic/
warty/
如果是长期更新源(带有LTS后缀)其格式如下:
举例3:中科大ubuntu12.04(precise)更新源的内容格式
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://debian.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ precise-updates main restricted universe multiverse
举例4:163的ubuntu15.10(wily)更新源的内容格式
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.163.com/ubuntu/ wily-backports main restricted universe multiverse
3. ubuntu版本号与版本代号对应关系
Ubuntu 的开发代号有三个特点
- 都是动物
- 都是两个词,并且两个词的首字母相同
- 从6.06开始,首字母从D开始递增
Ubuntu 历史版本一览表
版本号 | 代号 | 发布时间 |
---|---|---|
16.04 LTS | Xenial Xerus 好客的非洲地松鼠 | 即将发布 2016/4 |
15.10 | Wily Werewolf 狡诈的狼人 | 2015/10/22 |
15.04 | Vivid Vervet 活泼的小猴 | 2015/04/23 |
14.10 | Utopic Unicorn 乌托邦独角兽 | 2014/10/23 |
14.04 LTS | Trusty Tahr 值得信赖的塔尔羊 | 2014/04/18 |
13.10 | Saucy Salamander 活泼的蝾螈 | 2013/10/17 |
13.04 | Raring Ringtail 铆劲浣熊 | 2013/04/25 |
12.10 | Quantal Quetzal 缤纷的绿咬鹃 | 2012/10/18 |
12.04 LTS | Precise Pangolin 精准的穿山甲 | 2012/04/26 |
11.10 | Oneiric Ocelot 有梦的虎猫 | 2011/10/13 |
11.04 Unity成为默认桌面环境 | Natty Narwhal 敏捷的独角鲸 | 2011/04/28 |
10.10 | Maverick Meerkat 标新立异的的狐獴 | 2010/10/10 |
10.04 LTS | Lucid Lynx 清醒的猞猁 | 2010/04/29 |
9.10 | Karmic Koala 幸运的无尾熊 | 2009/10/29 |
9.04 | Jaunty Jackalope 活泼的兔子 | 2009/04/23 |
8.10 | Intrepid Ibex 无畏的高地山羊 | 2008/10/30 |
8.06 官方查不到此版本发布信息 | Haughty Husky 骄傲的哈士奇 | 2008/06/07 |
8.04 LTS | Hardy Heron 坚强的苍鹭 | 2008/04/24 |
7.10 | Gutsy Gibbon 勇敢的长臂猿 | 2007/10/18 |
7.04 | Feisty Fawn 烦躁不安的小鹿 | 2007/04/19 |
6.10 | Edgy Eft 尖利的小蜥蜴 | 2006/10/26 |
6.06 LTS | Dapper Drake 整洁的公鸭 | 2006/06/01 |
5.10 | Breezy Badger 活泼的獾 | 2005/10/13 |
5.04 | Hoary Hedgehog 白发得刺猬 | 2005/04/08 |
4.10 初始发布版本 | Warty Warthog 多疣的疣猪 | 2004/10/20 |
4. 更新源地址
$sudo apt-get update
以下命令请选择性使用!
$sudo apt-get upgrade
(使所有的系统软件更新至最新!)
5. 参考资料
官方老版本源:
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ karmic-backports main restricted universe multiverse
其他Ubuntu Linux版本的只需要讲karmic改成其版本代号即可。这样过期后的版本也可以继续使用了。