1.监控事例的等待: select event,sum(decode(wait_time,0,0,1)) prev, sum(decode(wait_time,0,1,0)) curr,count(*) from v$session_wait group by event order by 4; 2.回滚段的争用情况: select name,waits,gets,waits/gets ratio from v$rollstat a,v$rollname b where a.usn=b.usn; 3.监控表空间的I/O比例: col name format a10 col file format a50
set linesize 199 select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw from v$filestat f,dba_data_files df where f.file#=df.file_id 4.监控文件系统的I/O比例: select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#",substr(a.name,1,30) "name",a.status,a.bytes, b.phyrds,b.phywrts from v$datafile a,v$filestat b where a.file#=b.file# 5.在某个用户下找所有的索引: select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name from user_ind_columns, user_indexes where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name, column_position; 6. 监控 SGA 的Buffer Cache 中的命中率 /*select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads", round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO" from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39 and c.statistic# = 40; */ select 1-((a.value-b.value-c.value)/d.value) from v$sysstat a,v$sysstat b,v$sysstat c,v$sysstat d where a.name='physical reads' and b.name='physical reads direct' and c.name='physical reads direct (lob)' and d.name='session logical reads'; 7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率 select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio", (1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio" from v$rowcache where gets+getmisses <>0 group by parameter, gets, getmisses; 8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率,应该小于1% select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads", sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache from v$librarycache; #I f the reloads-to-pins ratio is greater than 1%,increase the value of the SHARED_POOL_SIZE parameter. 来自OCP9i教材 select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent" from v$librarycache; 9. 显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小 select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size , sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size, sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required from dba_object_size group by type order by 2; 10. 监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率,应该小于1% SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses, Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1, Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0, immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2 FROM v$latch WHERE name IN (''redo allocation'', ''redo copy''); 11. 监控内存和硬盘的排序比率,最好使它小于 .10,增加 sort_area_size SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN (''sorts (memory)'', ''sorts (disk)''); 12. 监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句 SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece; 13. 监控字典缓冲区 SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE; SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE" FROM V$ROWCACHE; SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE; 后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。 SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES" FROM V$ROWCACHE 14. 找ORACLE字符集 select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET'; 15. 监控 MTS select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher; 此值大于0.5时,参数需加大 select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type=''dispatcher''; select count(*) from v$dispatcher; select servers_highwater from v$mts; servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时,参数需加大 16. 碎片程度 select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name having count(tablespace_name)>10; alter tablespace name coalesce; alter table name deallocate unused; create or replace view ts_blocks_v as select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,''free space'' segment_name from dba_free_space union all select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents; select * from ts_blocks_v; select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name; 查看碎片程度高的表 SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN (''SYS'', ''SYSTEM'') GROUP BY segment_name HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name); 17. 表、索引的存储情况检查 select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where tablespace_name=''&tablespace_name'' and segment_type=''TABLE'' group by tablespace_name,segment_name; select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type=''INDEX'' and owner=''&owner'' group by segment_name; 18、找使用CPU多的用户session 12是cpu used by this session select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c where c.statistic#=12 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr order by value desc; 20.监控log_buffer的使用情况:(值最好小于1%,否则增加log_buffer 的大小) select rbar.name,rbar.value,re.name,re.value,(rbar.value*100)/re.value||''%'' "radio" from v$sysstat rbar,v$sysstat re where rbar.name=''redo buffer allocation retries'' and re.name=''redo entries''; 21、查看运行过的SQL语句: SELECT SQL_TEXT FROM V$SQL 22.oracle等待事件检测 使用ORACLE的等待事件检测性能瓶颈 案例分析:以sys用户登录 1.首先从整个系统考虑,找到从系统启动以来最主要的等待事件是什么? SQL>@syssum.sql 2.更为重要的是,在应用执行的时候,最主要的等待事件是什么? SQL>@cr_base.sql SQL>@in_base.sql 执行用户应用操作一段时间后 SQL>@re_base.sql 3. 查询产生等待事件最多的哪些会话??(以等待事件log file parallel write为例) SQL>@seswt.sql log 4.查找哪些语句引起的等待,按照最消耗资源的顺序排列显示 SQL>@sqls1.sql 1000 1000 --以最消耗资源会话13为例 SQL>@sqlst.sql 13 查找出相关sql语句的地址比如:2168CBB8 SQL>@sqls2.sql 2168CBB8 附录:脚本 --syssum.sql set linesize 200 col "Wait Event" for a45 select EVENT "Wait Event",TIME_WAITED "Time Waited", TIME_WAITED/(SELECT SUM(TIME_WAITED) FROM v$system_event) "%Time waited", TOTAL_WAITS "Waits", TOTAL_WAITS/(SELECT SUM(TOTAL_WAITS) FROM V$system_event) "%Waited" from v$system_event order by 3 desc; --cr_base.sql create table sys_b( event varchar2(64), time_waited number, total_waits number); create table sys_e( event varchar2(64), time_waited number, total_waits number); --in_base.sql insert into sys_b select event,time_waited,total_waits from v$system_event; --re_base.sql insert into sys_e select event,time_waited,total_waits from v$system_event; create table sys_dif as select e.event ,e.time_waited-b.time_waited TIME_WAITED, e.total_waits-b.total_waits TOTAL_WAITS from sys_b b,sys_e e where b.event=e.event; select event "Wait Event",time_waited "Time Waited", time_waited/(select sum(time_waited) from sys_dif) "%Time waited", total_waits "Waits", total_waits /(select sum(total_waits) from sys_dif) "%Waited" from sys_dif order by 3 desc; drop table sys_dif; drop table sys_b; drop table sys_e; 等待事件的等待次数 --seswa.sql select event "Wait Event", count(seconds_in_wait) "Waited So Far(sec)", count(sid) "Num Sess Waiting" from v$session_wait group by event; --seswt.sql select sid,event "Wait Event",state "Wait Stat", wait_time "W'd So Far(secs)", seconds_in_wait "Time W'd (secs)" from v$session_wait where event like '&a' order by 5; --sqls1.sql select * from (select address "Stmt Addr", disk_reads "Disk RDS", buffer_gets "Buff Gets", sorts "Sorts", executions "Runs", loads "Body Loads" from v$sqlarea where disk_reads > &A order by disk_reads ) where rownum < &B; --sqlst.sql select cpu.sid "SID",cpu.username "USER Name",cpu.value "CPU(sec)", reads.value "IO Read(k)",writes.value "IO Write(k)" from (select a.sid sid,a.username username,b.name,c.value value, a.serial# serial# from v$session a,v$statname b,v$sesstat c where a.sid=c.sid and b.statistic#=c.statistic# and b.name='CPU used by this session') cpu, (select a.sid,a.username,b.name,c.value value from v$session a,v$statname b ,v$sesstat c where a.sid=c.sid and b.statistic#=c.statistic# and b.name='physical reads') reads, (select a.sid,a.username,b.name,c.value value from v$session a,v$statname b ,v$sesstat c where a.sid=c.sid and b.statistic#=c.statistic# and b.name='physical writes') writes where cpu.sid=reads.sid and reads.sid=writes.sid and cpu.username is not null; --sqls2.sql select sql_text "SQL Statement Text" from v$sqlarea where ADDRESS='&a';