[转帖]「白帽黑客成长记」Windows提权基本原理（上）

「白帽黑客成长记」Windows提权基本原理（上）

 

https://www.cnblogs.com/ichunqiu/p/10949592.html

 

我们通常认为配置得当的Windows是安全的，事实真的是这样吗？今天让我们跟随本文作者一起深入了解Windows操作系统的黑暗角落，看看是否能得到SYSTEM权限。

作者将使用不同版本的Windows来强调任何可能存在的命令行差异，请牢记因为不同的操作系统和版本差异会在命令行中显现，作者试图构造本教程，以便它适用于Windows提权的最普遍的方式。

注：文章篇幅较长，阅读用时约10分钟。

必要文档补充：

Encyclopaedia Of Windows Privilege Escalation (Brett Moore)

Windows Attacks: AT is the new black (Chris Gates & Rob Fuller)

Elevating privileges by exploiting weak folder permissions (Parvez Anwar)

译者注：原文作者提到了meterpreter，我们可以把meterpreter比做sql注入利用的sqlmap，在得到meterpreter的shell后，可以输入命令getsystem，自动完成提权。

在t0-t3阶段，最初的信息收集方法

最开始是一个低权限的shell，这个shell可能是通过远程代码执行、钓鱼、反弹得到的。

在最开始的阶段，我们要快速收集一些基本信息来评估我们的环境。

第一步，找到连接的操作系统。

C:\Windows\system32> systeminfo | findstr /B /C:"OS Name" /C:"OS Version" OS Name: Microsoft Windows 7 Professional OS Version: 6.1.7601 Service Pack 1 Build 7601 

接下来，我们将看到主机名和连接上的对应用户。

C:\Windows\system32> hostname
b33f
C:\Windows\system32> echo %username%
user1

现在我们得到了一些基本信息，然后列出其他用户的帐户，并在更详细的情况下查看用户信息。

这里会看到user1不是本地组管理员。

C:\Windows\system32> net users
User accounts for \\B33F ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Administrator b33f Guest user1 The command completed successfully. C:\Windows\system32> net user user1 User name user1 Full Name Comment User's comment Country code 000 (System Default) Account active Yes Account expires Never Password last set 1/11/2014 7:47:14 PM Password expires Never Password changeable 1/11/2014 7:47:14 PM Password required Yes User may change password Yes Workstations allowed All Logon script User profile Home directory Last logon 1/11/2014 8:05:09 PM Logon hours allowed All Local Group Memberships *Users Global Group memberships *None The command completed successfully. 

以上是我们目前需要了解的关于用户和权限的全部内容。接下来我们要讨论的是网络信息，连接的设备，以及相应规则。

首先看一下可用的网络接口和路由表。

C:\Windows\system32> ipconfig /all
Windows IP Configuration
 Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : b33f
 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . :
 Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Hybrid
 IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
 WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : No
Ethernet adapter Bluetooth Network Connection:
 Media State . . . . . . . . . . . : Media disconnected
 Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
 Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network)
 Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 0C-84-DC-62-60-29
 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
 Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
Ethernet adapter Local Area Connection:
 Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
 Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-0C-29-56-79-35 DHCP Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes Link-local IPv6 Address . . . . . : fe80::5cd4:9caf:61c0:ba6e%11(Preferred) IPv4 Address. . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.104(Preferred) Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.0 Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : Saturday, January 11, 2014 3:53:55 PM Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : Sunday, January 12, 2014 3:53:55 PM Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 DHCPv6 IAID . . . . . . . . . . . : 234884137 DHCPv6 Client DUID. . . . . . . . : 00-01-00-01-18-14-24-1D-00-0C-29-56-79-35 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 192.168.0.1 NetBIOS over Tcpip. . . . . . . . : Enabled C:\Windows\system32> route print =========================================================================== Interface List 18...0c 84 dc 62 60 29 ......Bluetooth Device (Personal Area Network) 13...00 ff 0c 0d 4f ed ......TAP-Windows Adapter V9 11...00 0c 29 56 79 35 ......Intel(R) PRO/1000 MT Network Connection 1...........................Software Loopback Interface 1 16...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter 15...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #2 19...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Microsoft ISATAP Adapter #3 14...00 00 00 00 00 00 00 e0 Teredo Tunneling Pseudo-Interface =========================================================================== IPv4 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 192.168.0.1 192.168.0.104 10 127.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.0.0.1 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 127.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 On-link 192.168.0.104 266 192.168.0.104 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.104 266 192.168.0.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.104 266 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 224.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 On-link 192.168.0.104 266 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 127.0.0.1 306 255.255.255.255 255.255.255.255 On-link 192.168.0.104 266 =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None IPv6 Route Table =========================================================================== Active Routes: If Metric Network Destination Gateway 14 58 ::/0 On-link 1 306 ::1/128 On-link 14 58 2001::/32 On-link 14 306 2001:0:5ef5:79fb:8d2:b4e:3f57:ff97/128 On-link 11 266 fe80::/64 On-link 14 306 fe80::/64 On-link 14 306 fe80::8d2:b4e:3f57:ff97/128 On-link 11 266 fe80::5cd4:9caf:61c0:ba6e/128 On-link 1 306 ff00::/8 On-link 14 306 ff00::/8 On-link 11 266 ff00::/8 On-link =========================================================================== Persistent Routes: None 

arp -A显示了所有可用接口的arp(地址解析协议)缓存表。

C:\Windows\system32> arp -A Interface: 192.168.0.104 --- 0xb Internet Address Physical Address Type 192.168.0.1 90-94-e4-c5-b0-46 dynamic 192.168.0.101 ac-22-0b-af-bb-43 dynamic 192.168.0.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 224.0.0.22 01-00-5e-00-00-16 static 224.0.0.251 01-00-5e-00-00-fb static 224.0.0.252 01-00-5e-00-00-fc static 239.255.255.250 01-00-5e-7f-ff-fa static 255.255.255.255 ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff static 

这就使我们了解了活动网络连接和防火墙规则。

C:\Windows\system32> netstat -ano Active Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State PID TCP 0.0.0.0:135 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 684 TCP 0.0.0.0:445 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 TCP 0.0.0.0:5357 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 TCP 127.0.0.1:5354 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 1400 TCP 192.168.0.104:139 0.0.0.0:0 LISTENING 4 TCP [::]:135 [::]:0 LISTENING 684 TCP [::]:445 [::]:0 LISTENING 4 TCP [::]:5357 [::]:0 LISTENING 4 UDP 0.0.0.0:5355 *:* 1100 UDP 0.0.0.0:52282 *:* 976 UDP 0.0.0.0:55202 *:* 2956 UDP 0.0.0.0:59797 *:* 1400 UDP 127.0.0.1:1900 *:* 2956 UDP 127.0.0.1:65435 *:* 2956 UDP 192.168.0.104:137 *:* 4 UDP 192.168.0.104:138 *:* 4 UDP 192.168.0.104:1900 *:* 2956 UDP 192.168.0.104:5353 *:* 1400 UDP 192.168.0.104:65434 *:* 2956 UDP [::]:5355 *:* 1100 UDP [::]:52281 *:* 976 UDP [::]:52283 *:* 976 UDP [::]:55203 *:* 2956 UDP [::]:59798 *:* 1400 UDP [::1]:1900 *:* 2956 UDP [::1]:5353 *:* 1400 UDP [::1]:65433 *:* 2956 UDP [fe80::5cd4:9caf:61c0:ba6e%11]:1900 *:* 2956 UDP [fe80::5cd4:9caf:61c0:ba6e%11]:65432 *:* 2956 

以下两个netsh命令是在不同操作系统的命令示例。

netsh firewall命令只能从XP SP2和以上版本运行。

C:\Windows\system32> netsh firewall show state
Firewall status:
-------------------------------------------------------------------
Profile = Standard
Operational mode = Enable
Exception mode = Enable
Multicast/broadcast response mode = Enable
Notification mode = Enable
Group policy version = Windows Firewall
Remote admin mode = Disable
Ports currently open on all network interfaces: Port Protocol Version Program ------------------------------------------------------------------- No ports are currently open on all network interfaces. C:\Windows\system32> netsh firewall show config Domain profile configuration: ------------------------------------------------------------------- Operational mode = Enable Exception mode = Enable Multicast/broadcast response mode = Enable Notification mode = Enable Allowed programs configuration for Domain profile: Mode Traffic direction Name / Program ------------------------------------------------------------------- Port configuration for Domain profile: Port Protocol Mode Traffic direction Name ------------------------------------------------------------------- ICMP configuration for Domain profile: Mode Type Description ------------------------------------------------------------------- Enable 2 Allow outbound packet too big Standard profile configuration (current): ------------------------------------------------------------------- Operational mode = Enable Exception mode = Enable Multicast/broadcast response mode = Enable Notification mode = Enable Service configuration for Standard profile: Mode Customized Name ------------------------------------------------------------------- Enable No Network Discovery Allowed programs configuration for Standard profile: Mode Traffic direction Name / Program ------------------------------------------------------------------- Enable Inbound COMRaider / E:\comraider\comraider.exe Enable Inbound nc.exe / C:\users\b33f\desktop\nc.exe Port configuration for Standard profile: Port Protocol Mode Traffic direction Name ------------------------------------------------------------------- ICMP configuration for Standard profile: Mode Type Description ------------------------------------------------------------------- Enable 2 Allow outbound packet too big Log configuration: ------------------------------------------------------------------- File location = C:\Windows\system32\LogFiles\Firewall\pfirewall.log Max file size = 4096 KB Dropped packets = Disable Connections = Disable 

最后，我们将简要地看一下在这个设备上的运行内容，比如计划任务、运行进程、启动服务和安装的驱动程序。

这将显示所有调度任务的详细输出，下面您可以看到单个任务的示例输出。

C:\Windows\system32> schtasks /query /fo LIST /v Folder: \Microsoft\Windows Defender HostName: B33F TaskName: \Microsoft\Windows Defender\MP Scheduled Scan Next Run Time: 1/22/2014 5:11:13 AM Status: Ready Logon Mode: Interactive/Background Last Run Time: N/A Last Result: 1 Author: N/A Task To Run: c:\program files\windows defender\MpCmdRun.exe Scan -ScheduleJob  -WinTask -RestrictPrivilegesScan Start In: N/A Comment: Scheduled Scan Scheduled Task State: Enabled Idle Time: Only Start If Idle for 1 minutes, If Not Idle Retry For 240 minutes Power Management: No Start On Batteries Run As User: SYSTEM Delete Task If Not Rescheduled: Enabled Stop Task If Runs X Hours and X Mins: 72:00:00 Schedule: Scheduling data is not available in this format. Schedule Type: Daily Start Time: 5:11:13 AM Start Date: 1/1/2000 End Date: 1/1/2100 Days: Every 1 day(s) Months: N/A Repeat: Every: Disabled Repeat: Until: Time: Disabled Repeat: Until: Duration: Disabled Repeat: Stop If Still Running: Disabled [..Snip..] # tasklist命令显示了正在运行的进程以及启动服务。 C:\Windows\system32> tasklist /SVC Image Name PID Services ========================= ======== ============================================ System Idle Process 0 N/A System 4 N/A smss.exe 244 N/A csrss.exe 332 N/A csrss.exe 372 N/A wininit.exe 380 N/A winlogon.exe 428 N/A services.exe 476 N/A lsass.exe 484 SamSs lsm.exe 496 N/A svchost.exe 588 DcomLaunch, PlugPlay, Power svchost.exe 668 RpcEptMapper, RpcSs svchost.exe 760 Audiosrv, Dhcp, eventlog, HomeGroupProvider, lmhosts, wscsvc svchost.exe 800 AudioEndpointBuilder, CscService, Netman, SysMain, TrkWks, UxSms, WdiSystemHost, wudfsvc svchost.exe 836 AeLookupSvc, BITS, gpsvc, iphlpsvc, LanmanServer, MMCSS, ProfSvc, Schedule, seclogon, SENS, ShellHWDetection, Themes, Winmgmt, wuauserv audiodg.exe 916 N/A 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/jinanxiaolaohu/p/10975626.html