C#研究系列-List<>与ArrayList的几个研究心得及问题（上）

代码放在https://gist.github.com/921076 上了，看不到的请留言。

第一个心得，是我看某本书提到，IList用起来要比ArrayList快。

这里面用到了我上一篇博客提到的高精度计时器（在这里能看到代码 http://sunxiunan.com/?p=1829 ）

在开始定义了两个类。

//---------------------

// public class List : IList, ICollection, IEnumerable, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable
class CFromList : List

{}

// public class ArrayList : IList, ICollection, IEnumerable, ICloneable
class CFromArrayList : ArrayList

{}

//---------------------

List和ArrayList的定义在注释中给出，可以看出来其实都差不多。ArrayList只是多了ICloneable，还少了几个泛型接口继承。

在后面代码中都用Add方法向list中添加int类型数据，然后通过foreach形式枚举数据，注意！枚举部分的代码是有问题的，我们在（下）中会提到。

这里还要推荐一个非常棒的工具ILSpy，是sharpdevelop开发的，强烈建议dotnet程序员都下载使用。

我把ILSpy disassemble出来的C#代码和IL代码分别列在后面。注意对于ArrayList的foreach语句，C#形式的代码与源代码有些差别（79 到96行），编译器加入一个IEnumerator enumerator2 = cFromArrayList.GetEnumerator();本地变量。

另外使用int num5 = (int)enumerator2.Current;这样访问iterator。而且还加入了IDisposable的finally部分。

再继续看IL代码部分，对于List形式，IL代码没有box装箱指令，而ArrayList在145行有个box指令，这是性能差别之一。
但是奇怪的是，在枚举部分，ILSpy生成的（以及ILDasm）IL代码，对于ArrayList和List而言，基本上差别不大，一样也有对 MoveNext和Current以及IDisposable接口的调用。

只不过ArrayList多出unbox和box的指令。

运行结果如我们所料，List要比ArrayList快不少。

但是我们在枚举部分的代码是有问题的，我明天在（下）中会介绍。

     // public class List<T> : IList<T>, ICollection<T>, IEnumerable<T>, IList, ICollection, IEnumerable

     class CFromList : List < int >{}

     // public class ArrayList : IList, ICollection, IEnumerable, ICloneable

     class CFromArrayList : ArrayList {}

     public partial class Form1 : Form

     {

         private void button1_Click ( object sender , EventArgs e )

         {

             CFromList list1 = new CFromList ();

             CFromArrayList list2 = new CFromArrayList ();

            

             HighResolutionTimer timera = new HighResolutionTimer ();

             for ( int i = 0 ; i < 100000 ; i ++)

             {

                 list1 . Add ( i - 99999 );

             }

             Int64 reta = timera . Stop ();

            

             HighResolutionTimer timerb = new HighResolutionTimer ();

             for ( int i = 0 ; i < 100000 ; i ++)

             {

                 list2 . Add ( i - 99999 );

             }

             Int64 retb = timerb . Stop ();

            

             int index = 0 ;

             HighResolutionTimer timer1 = new HighResolutionTimer ();

             foreach ( int elem1 in list1 )

             {

                 list1 [ index ++] = elem1 + 99 ;

             }

             Int64 ret1 = timer1 . Stop ();

            

             index = 0 ;

             HighResolutionTimer timer2 = new HighResolutionTimer ();

             foreach ( int elem2 in list2 )

             {

                 list2 [ index ++] = elem2 + 99 ;

             }

             Int64 ret2 = timer2 . Stop ();

            

       }

    }

///

// result from ILSpy

CFromList cFromList = new CFromList ();

CFromArrayList cFromArrayList = new CFromArrayList ();

HighResolutionTimer highResolutionTimer = new HighResolutionTimer ();

for ( int i = 0 ; i < 100000 ; i ++)

{

cFromList . Add ( i - 99999 );

}

long num = highResolutionTimer . Stop ();

HighResolutionTimer highResolutionTimer2 = new HighResolutionTimer ();

for ( int i = 0 ; i < 100000 ; i ++)

{

cFromArrayList . Add ( i - 99999 );

}

long num2 = highResolutionTimer2 . Stop ();

int num3 = 0 ;

HighResolutionTimer highResolutionTimer3 = new HighResolutionTimer ();

foreach ( int current in cFromList )

{

cFromList [ num3 ++] = current + 99 ;

}

long num4 = highResolutionTimer3 . Stop ();

num3 = 0 ;

HighResolutionTimer highResolutionTimer4 = new HighResolutionTimer ();

IEnumerator enumerator2 = cFromArrayList.GetEnumerator();

try

{

while (enumerator2.MoveNext())

{

int num5 = (int)enumerator2.Current;

cFromArrayList[num3++] = num5 + 99;

}

}

finally

{

IDisposable disposable = enumerator2 as IDisposable;

if (disposable != null)

{

disposable.Dispose();

}

}

long num6 = highResolutionTimer4 . Stop ();

//

// result from ILSpy IL format

IL_0000 : nop

IL_0001 : newobj instance void WindowsFormsApplication1 . CFromList ::. ctor ()

IL_0006 : stloc . 0

IL_0007 : newobj instance void WindowsFormsApplication1 . CFromArrayList ::. ctor ()

IL_000c : stloc . 1

IL_000d : newobj instance void WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer ::. ctor ()

IL_0012 : stloc . 2

IL_0013 : ldc . i4 . 0

IL_0014 : stloc . 3

IL_0015 : br . s IL_002b

// loop start (head: IL_002b)

IL_0017 : nop

IL_0018 : ldloc . 0

IL_0019 : ldloc . 3

IL_001a : ldc . i4 99999

IL_001f : sub

IL_0020 : callvirt instance void [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . Generic . List ` 1 < int32 >:: Add (! 0 )

IL_0025 : nop

IL_0026 : nop

IL_0027 : ldloc . 3

IL_0028 : ldc . i4 . 1

IL_0029 : add

IL_002a : stloc . 3

IL_002b : ldloc . 3

IL_002c : ldc . i4 100000

IL_0031 : clt

IL_0033 : stloc . s 17

IL_0035 : ldloc . s 17

IL_0037 : brtrue . s IL_0017

// end loop

IL_0039 : ldloc . 2

IL_003a : callvirt instance int64 WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer :: Stop ()

IL_003f : stloc . s 4

IL_0041 : newobj instance void WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer ::. ctor ()

IL_0046 : stloc . s 5

IL_0048 : ldc . i4 . 0

IL_0049 : stloc . 3

IL_004a : br . s IL_0065

// loop start (head: IL_0065)

IL_004c : nop

IL_004d : ldloc . 1

IL_004e : ldloc . 3

IL_004f : ldc . i4 99999

IL_0054 : sub

IL_0055: box int32

IL_005a : callvirt instance int32 [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . ArrayList :: Add ( object )

IL_005f : pop

IL_0060 : nop

IL_0061 : ldloc . 3

IL_0062 : ldc . i4 . 1

IL_0063 : add

IL_0064 : stloc . 3

IL_0065 : ldloc . 3

IL_0066 : ldc . i4 100000

IL_006b : clt

IL_006d : stloc . s 17

IL_006f : ldloc . s 17

IL_0071 : brtrue . s IL_004c

// end loop

IL_0073 : ldloc . s 5

IL_0075 : callvirt instance int64 WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer :: Stop ()

IL_007a : stloc . s 6

IL_007c : ldc . i4 . 0

IL_007d : stloc . s 7

IL_007f : newobj instance void WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer ::. ctor ()

IL_0084 : stloc . s 8

IL_0086 : nop

IL_0087 : ldloc . 0

IL_0088 : callvirt instance valuetype [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . Generic . List ` 1 / Enumerator <! 0 > [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . Generic . List ` 1 < int32 >:: GetEnumerator ()

IL_008d : stloc . s 18

. try {

IL_008f : br . s IL_00af

// loop start (head: IL_00af)

IL_0091 : ldloca . s 18

IL_0093 : call instance ! 0 [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . Generic . List ` 1 / Enumerator < int32 >:: get_Current ()

IL_0098 : stloc . s 9

IL_009a : nop

IL_009b : ldloc . 0

IL_009c : ldloc . s 7

IL_009e : dup

IL_009f : ldc . i4 . 1

IL_00a0 : add

IL_00a1 : stloc . s 7

IL_00a3 : ldloc . s 9

IL_00a5 : ldc . i4 . s 99

IL_00a7 : add

IL_00a8 : callvirt instance void [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . Generic . List ` 1 < int32 >:: set_Item ( int32 , ! 0 )

IL_00ad : nop

IL_00ae : nop

IL_00af : ldloca . s 18

IL_00b1 : call instance bool [mscorlib]System.Collections.Generic.List`1/Enumerator<int32>::MoveNext()

IL_00b6 : stloc . s 17

IL_00b8 : ldloc . s 17

IL_00ba : brtrue . s IL_0091

// end loop

IL_00bc : leave . s IL_00cd

} // end .try

finally {

IL_00be : ldloca . s 18

IL_00c0 : constrained . valuetype [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . Generic . List ` 1 / Enumerator < int32 >

IL_00c6 : callvirt instance void [ mscorlib ] System . IDisposable :: Dispose ()

IL_00cb : nop

IL_00cc : endfinally

} // end handler

IL_00cd : nop

IL_00ce : ldloc . s 8

IL_00d0 : callvirt instance int64 WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer :: Stop ()

IL_00d5 : stloc . s 10

IL_00d7 : ldc . i4 . 0

IL_00d8 : stloc . s 7

IL_00da : newobj instance void WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer ::. ctor ()

IL_00df : stloc . s 11

IL_00e1 : nop

IL_00e2 : ldloc . 1

IL_00e3 : callvirt instance class [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . IEnumerator [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . ArrayList :: GetEnumerator ()

IL_00e8 : stloc . s 19

. try {

IL_00ea : br . s IL_0114

// loop start (head: IL_0114)

IL_00ec : ldloc . s 19

IL_00ee : callvirt instance object [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . IEnumerator :: get_Current ()

IL_00f3: unbox.any int32

IL_00f8 : stloc . s 12

IL_00fa : nop

IL_00fb : ldloc . 1

IL_00fc : ldloc . s 7

IL_00fe : dup

IL_00ff : ldc . i4 . 1

IL_0100 : add

IL_0101 : stloc . s 7

IL_0103 : ldloc . s 12

IL_0105 : ldc . i4 . s 99

IL_0107 : add

IL_0108: box int32

IL_010d : callvirt instance void [ mscorlib ] System . Collections . ArrayList :: set_Item ( int32 , object )

IL_0112 : nop

IL_0113 : nop

IL_0114 : ldloc . s 19

IL_0116 : callvirt instance bool [mscorlib]System.Collections.IEnumerator::MoveNext()

IL_011b : stloc . s 17

IL_011d : ldloc . s 17

IL_011f : brtrue . s IL_00ec

// end loop

IL_0121 : leave . s IL_0140

} // end .try

finally {

IL_0123 : ldloc . s 19

IL_0125 : isinst class [ mscorlib ] System . IDisposable

IL_012a : stloc . s 20

IL_012c : ldloc . s 20

IL_012e : ldnull

IL_012f : ceq

IL_0131 : stloc . s 17

IL_0133 : ldloc . s 17

IL_0135 : brtrue . s IL_013f

IL_0137 : ldloc . s 20

IL_0139 : callvirt instance void [ mscorlib ] System . IDisposable :: Dispose ()

IL_013e : nop

IL_013f : endfinally

} // end handler

IL_0140 : nop

IL_0141 : ldloc . s 11

IL_0143 : callvirt instance int64 WindowsFormsApplication1 . HighResolutionTimer :: Stop ()

IL_0148 : stloc . s 13

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/lua5/archive/2011/04/15/2017644.html