linux c 异常实现,linux c 实现try catch异常捕获

前言：

像如java这样的面相对象语言，异常处理机制让其代码更具健壮性，可以代码捕获到如算术异常，空指针异常等，俘获并能够在预知情况下进行相应处理。那么对于C而言，是否能实现其功能？

简要分析：

Linux有对线程或者进程退出时有一种信号量机制，而默认情况下，这种signal是系统自己处理的，而最统一的处理方式是exit，而至于什么原因退出这个完全取决于什么样的信号。至于linux下的这些signal多少，哪个对应什么情况自行查阅资料。Linux_c 的实现将通过宏来实现。

直接粗暴上代码吧：

exception.h

#ifndef EXCEPTION_H_

#define EXCEPTION_H_

#include

#include

/* MANPROCSIGnals. */

#define MANPROCSIG_HUP 1 /* Hangup (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_INT 2 /* Interrupt (ANSI). */

#define MANPROCSIG_QUIT 3 /* Quit (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_ILL 4 /* Illegal instruction (ANSI). */

#define MANPROCSIG_TRAP 5 /* Trace trap (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_ABRT 6 /* Abort (ANSI). */

#define MANPROCSIG_IOT 6 /* IOT trap (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_BUS 7 /* BUS error (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_FPE 8 /* Floating-point exception (ANSI). */

#define MANPROCSIG_KILL 9 /* Kill, unblockable (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_USR1 10 /* User-defined MANPROCSIG_nal 1 (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_SEGV 11 /* Segmentation violation (ANSI). */

#define MANPROCSIG_USR2 12 /* User-defined MANPROCSIG_nal 2 (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_PIPE 13 /* Broken pipe (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_ALRM 14 /* Alarm clock (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_TERM 15 /* Termination (ANSI). */

#define MANPROCSIG_STKFLT 16 /* Stack fault. */

#define MANPROCSIG_CLD MANPROCSIG_CHLD /* Same as MANPROCSIG_CHLD (System V). */

#define MANPROCSIG_CHLD 17 /* Child status has changed (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_CONT 18 /* Continue (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_STOP 19 /* Stop, unblockable (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_TSTP 20 /* Keyboard stop (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_TTIN 21 /* Background read from tty (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_TTOU 22 /* Background write to tty (POSIX). */

#define MANPROCSIG_URG 23 /* Urgent condition on socket (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_XCPU 24 /* CPU limit exceeded (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_XFSZ 25 /* File size limit exceeded (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_VTALRM 26 /* Virtual alarm clock (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_PROF 27 /* Profiling alarm clock (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_WINCH 28 /* Window size change (4.3 BSD, Sun). */

#define MANPROCSIG_POLL MANPROCSIG_IO /* Pollable event occurred (System V). */

#define MANPROCSIG_IO 29 /* I/O now possible (4.2 BSD). */

#define MANPROCSIG_PWR 30 /* Power failure restart (System V). */

#define MANPROCSIG_SYS 31 /* Bad system call. */

#define MANPROCSIG_UNUSED 31

#define T Exception_t

typedef struct Exception_t{

char *reason;

}Exception_t;

typedef struct Exception_frame{

struct Exception_frame *prev;

jmp_buf env;

const char *file;

int line;

const T* exception;

}Exception_frame;

extern Exception_frame *Exception_stack;

enum{

EXCEPTION_ENTERED=0,

EXCEPTION_RAISED,

EXCEPTION_HANDLED,

EXCEPTION_FINALIZED

};

/* Manage all process signal,and automanage signal by process cause exit directoryly,*/

#define ManProcAllSig \

int sum = 31; \

while(sum){ \

signal(sum,handle_proc_sig); \

sum--; \

}

/*Throw a exception*/

#define throw(e) exception_raise(&(e),__FILE__,__LINE__)

#define rethrow exception_raise(exception_frame.exception, \

exception_frame.file,exception_frame.line)

void handle_proc_sig(int signo);

void abort_without_exception(const Exception_t *e,const char *file,int line);

void exception_raise(const T *e,const char *file,int line);

#define try do{ \

volatile int exception_flag; \

Exception_frame exception_frame; \

exception_frame.prev = Exception_stack; \

Exception_stack = &exception_frame; \

ManProcAllSig \

exception_flag = setjmp(exception_frame.env); \

if (exception_flag == EXCEPTION_ENTERED) \

{

#define catch(e) \

if(exception_flag == EXCEPTION_ENTERED) \

Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev; \

}else if(exception_flag == e){ \

exception_flag = EXCEPTION_HANDLED;

#define try_return \

switch(Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev,0) \

default: return

#define catch_else \

if(exception_flag == EXCEPTION_ENTERED) \

Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev; \

}else if(exception_flag != EXCEPTION_HANDLED){ \

exception_flag = EXCEPTION_HANDLED;

#define end_try \

if(exception_flag == EXCEPTION_ENTERED) \

Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev; \

} \

if (exception_flag == EXCEPTION_RAISED) \

exception_raise(exception_frame.exception, \

exception_frame.file,exception_frame.line); \

}while(0)

#define finally \

if(exception_flag == EXCEPTION_ENTERED) \

Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev; \

}{ \

if(exception_flag == EXCEPTION_ENTERED) \

exception_flag = EXCEPTION_FINALIZED;

#undef T

#endif /* EXCEPTION_H_ */

exception.c

#include "exception.h"

#include

#include

#include

Exception_frame *Exception_stack = NULL;

void exception_raise(const Exception_t *e,const char *file,int line)

{

Exception_frame *p = Exception_stack;

assert(e);

if(p == NULL)

{

abort_without_exception(e,file,line);

}

p->exception = e;

p->file = file;

p->line = line;

Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev;

longjmp(p->env,EXCEPTION_RAISED);

}

void abort_without_exception(const Exception_t *e,const char *file,int line)

{

//fprintf(stderr,"Uncaught exception");

if(e->reason)

{

fprintf(stderr," %s",e->reason);

}

else

{

fprintf(stderr,"at 0x%p",e);

}

if(file && line > 0)

{

fprintf(stderr, "raised at %s:%d\n",file,line);

}

fprintf(stderr,"aborting...\n");

fflush(stderr);

abort();

}

void handle_proc_sig(int signo)

{

if( signo == MANPROCSIG_HUP )

printf(" Hangup (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_INT )

printf(" Interrupt (ANSI). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_QUIT )

printf(" Quit (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_ILL )

printf(" Illegal instruction (ANSI). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_TRAP )

printf(" Trace trap (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_ABRT )

printf(" Abort (ANSI). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_IOT )

printf(" IOT trap (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_BUS )

printf(" BUS error (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_FPE )

printf(" Floating-point exception (ANSI). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_KILL )

printf(" Kill, unblockable (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_USR1 )

printf(" User-defined signal if( signo == (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_SEGV )

printf(" Segmentation violation (ANSI). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_USR2 )

printf(" User-defined signal 2 (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_PIPE )

printf(" Broken pipe (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_ALRM )

printf(" Alarm clock (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_TERM )

printf(" Termination (ANSI). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_STKFLT )

printf(" Stack fault. \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_CLD )

printf(" Same as SIGCHLD (System V). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_CHLD )

printf(" Child status has changed (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_CONT )

printf(" Continue (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_STOP )

printf(" Stop, unblockable (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_TSTP )

printf(" Keyboard stop (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_TTIN )

printf(" Background read from tty (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_TTOU )

printf(" Background write to tty (POSIX). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_URG )

printf(" Urgent condition on socket (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_XCPU )

printf(" CPU limit exceeded (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_XFSZ )

printf(" File size limit exceeded (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_VTALRM )

printf(" Virtual alarm clock (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_PROF )

printf(" Profiling alarm clock (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_WINCH )

printf(" Window size change (4.3 BSD, Sun). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_POLL )

printf(" Pollable event occurred (System V). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_IO )

printf(" I/O now possible (4.2 BSD). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_PWR )

printf(" Power failure restart (System V). \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_SYS)

printf(" Bad system call. \r\n");

else if( signo == MANPROCSIG_UNUSED)

printf(" Unknow erroe. \r\n");

Exception_frame *p = Exception_stack;

Exception_stack = Exception_stack->prev;

longjmp(p->env,signo);

// exit(0);

//exit process

}

测试：test.c

#include

#include "exception.h"

void test()

{

char *a=NULL;

*a=1;

}

int main()

{

try

{

test();//SimulateNULLpointerexception!!

}

catch(MANPROCSIG_SEGV)//Catchtheexception

{

printf("NULLpointer!!\r\n");

}

catch_else

{

printf("UnknowError!!\r\n");

}

finally

{

printf("DONE\r\n");

}

end_try;

return 0;

}