#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Base
{
public:
Base(int mem1 = 1, int mem2 = 2) : m_iMem1(mem1), m_iMem2(mem2){ ; }
virtual void vfunc1() { std::cout << "In vfunc1()" << std::endl; }
virtual void vfunc2() { std::cout << "In vfunc2()" << std::endl; }
virtual void vfunc3() { std::cout << "In vfunc3()" << std::endl; }
private:
int m_iMem1;
int m_iMem2;
};
typedef void(*FUNC)(void);
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
Base b;
// 对象b的地址
int *bAddress = (int *)&b;
cout << sizeof(Base) << endl;
// 对象b的vtptr的值
int *vtptr = (int *)*(bAddress + 0);
printf("vtptr: 0x%08x\n", vtptr);
// 对象b的第一个虚函数的地址
int *pFunc1 = (int *)*(vtptr + 0);
int *pFunc2 = (int *)*(vtptr + 1);
int *pFunc3 = (int *)*(vtptr + 2);
cout << pFunc1 << endl;
cout << pFunc2 << endl;
cout << pFunc3 << endl;
// 对象b的两个成员变量的值(用这种方式可轻松突破private不能访问的限制)
int mem1 = (int)*(bAddress + 1);
int mem2 = (int)*(bAddress + 2);
printf("m_iMem1: %d \nm_iMem2: %d \n\n",mem1, mem2);
// 调用虚函数
(FUNC(pFunc1))();
(FUNC(pFunc2))();
(FUNC(pFunc3))();
return 0;
}
g++ -g -std=c++11 -m32 Test3.cpp -o Test3
注意这里是编的32位程序,如果编64位程序需要修改虚函数指针的偏移以及mem1和mem2的偏移
(gdb) ptype b
type = class Base {
private:
int m_iMem1;
int m_iMem2;
public:
Base(int, int);
virtual void vfunc1(void);
virtual void vfunc2(void);
virtual void vfunc3(void);
}
//取对象的地址,这个地址就是vptr,指向虚函数表首地址
(gdb) p &b
$3 = (Base *) 0xffffcaa0
(gdb) p *0xffffcaa0
这是指向第一个虚函数的指针:
(gdb) p /x *0xffffcaa0
$5 = 0x8048b48
第一个虚函数的地址:
(gdb) p /x *0x8048b48
$7 = 0x80489d4
(gdb) p &b.vfunc1
$8 = (void (*)(Base * const)) 0x80489d4 <Base::vfunc1()>
可以验证,0x80489d4就是b.vfunc1
$9 = (void (*)(Base * const)) 0x8048a04 <Base::vfunc2()>
(gdb) p &b.vfunc3
$10 = (void (*)(Base * const)) 0x8048a34 <Base::vfunc3()>
每一个虚函数的偏移是0x30个字节
(gdb) p &b.m_iMem1
$11 = (int *) 0xffffcaa4
b的首地址是0xffffcaa0,第一个成员m_iMem1的地址是0xffffcaa4,说明对象的虚函数表指针vptr占用4个字节,32位机器
(gdb) p &b.m_iMem2
$12 = (int *) 0xffffcaa8
g++ -g -std=c++11 Test3.cpp -o Test3
编译64位程序:
16
vtptr: 0x00400d68
0x400bf4
0x400c20
0x400c4c
m_iMem1: 1
m_iMem2: 2
In vfunc1()
In vfunc2()
In vfunc3()
其中vptr占用8个字节,所以size是16
#include <iostream>
#include "type_info.h"
#include <string>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;
typedef void(*Fun)(void);
class Base
{
public:
Base(int i) :baseI(i) {}
virtual void print(void)
{
cout << "called virtual function Base::print()";
}
virtual void setI()
{
cout <<"called virtual function Base::setI()";
}
virtual ~Base()
{
}
int getI()
{
return baseI;
}
static void countI()
{
}
private:
int baseI;
static int baseS;
};
int Base::baseS = 1;
void testBase(Base &p)
{
cout << "对象的内存起始地址:" << &p << endl;
cout << "type_info信息:" << endl;
cout << "虚函数表地址:" << (int *)(&p) << endl;
//验证虚表
cout << "虚函数表第一个函数的地址:" << (int *)*((int*)(&p)) << endl;
cout << "析构函数的地址:" << (int* )*(int *)*((int*)(&p)) << endl;
cout << "虚函数表中,第二个虚函数即print()的地址:" << (int*)(*(int*)(&p) + 2) << endl;
//通过地址调用虚函数print()
Fun IsPrint=(Fun)*((int*)*(int*)(&p));
cout << endl;
cout << "调用了虚函数: ";
IsPrint();
cout << endl;
// typedef void(*Fun)(void);
Fun setI=(Fun)*((int*)*(int*)(&p) + 2);
// (int*)(*(int*)(&p) + 1)
cout << endl;
cout<<"调用了虚函数: ";
setI(); //若地址正确,则调用了Base类的虚函数print()
cout << endl;
//输入static函数的地址
p.countI();//先调用函数以产生一个实例
cout << "static函数countI()的地址:" <<(void*)p.countI << endl;
//验证nonstatic数据成员
cout << "推测nonstatic数据成员baseI的地址:" << (int *)(&p) + 2 << endl;
cout << "根据推测出的地址,输出该地址的值:" << *((int *)(&p) + 2) << endl;
cout << "Base::getI():" << p.getI() << endl;
}
int main()
{
Base b(1000);
Fun vfunc = (Fun)*((int*)*(int*)(&b));
int *vptrAdress = (int*)(&b);
cout << "virtual function table(vptr) pointer is: \t" << vptrAdress << endl;
cout << "call Base::print(): ";
vfunc();
testBase(b);
return 0;
}
virtual function table(vptr) pointer is: 0x7ffe3bd0dd60
call Base::print(): called virtual function Base::print()对象的内存起始地址:0x7ffe3bd0dd60
type_info信息:
虚函数表地址:0x7ffe3bd0dd60
虚函数表第一个函数的地址:0x401220
析构函数的地址:0x400ebc
虚函数表中,第二个虚函数即print()的地址:0x401222
调用了虚函数: called virtual function Base::print()
调用了虚函数: called virtual function Base::setI()
static函数countI()的地址:0x400f5f
推测nonstatic数据成员baseI的地址:0x7ffe3bd0dd68
根据推测出的地址,输出该地址的值:1000
Base::getI():1000