scrapy的pipeline是一个非常重要的模块,主要作用是将return的items写入到数据库、文件等持久化模块,下面我们就简单的了解一下pipelines的用法。
案例一:
items池
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
class ZhihuuserItem(scrapy.Item): # define the fields for your item here like: # name = scrapy.Field() id = scrapy.Field() name = scrapy.Field() avatar_url = scrapy.Field() headline = scrapy.Field() description = scrapy.Field() url = scrapy.Field() url_token = scrapy.Field() gender = scrapy.Field() cover_url = scrapy.Field() type = scrapy.Field() badge = scrapy.Field() answer_count = scrapy.Field() articles_count = scrapy.Field() commercial_question = scrapy.Field() favorite_count = scrapy.Field() favorited_count = scrapy.Field() follower_count = scrapy.Field() following_columns_count = scrapy.Field() following_count = scrapy.Field() pins_count = scrapy.Field() question_count = scrapy.Field() thank_from_count = scrapy.Field() thank_to_count = scrapy.Field() thanked_count = scrapy.Field() vote_from_count = scrapy.Field() vote_to_count = scrapy.Field() voteup_count = scrapy.Field() following_favlists_count = scrapy.Field() following_question_count = scrapy.Field() following_topic_count = scrapy.Field() marked_answers_count = scrapy.Field() mutual_followees_count = scrapy.Field() participated_live_count = scrapy.Field() locations = scrapy.Field() educations = scrapy.Field() employments = scrapy.Field()
写入MongoDB数据库的基本配置
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/8f900a89c6347c561fdf2122f13be562.gif)
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/961ddebeb323a10fe0623af514929fc1.gif)
#配置MongoDB数据库的连接信息 MONGO_URL = '172.16.5.239' MONGO_PORT = 27017 MONGO_DB = 'zhihuuser' #参数等于False,就等于告诉你这个网站你想取什么就取什么,不会读取每个网站的根目录下的禁止爬取列表(例如:www.baidu.com/robots.txt) ROBOTSTXT_OBEY = False 执行pipelines下的写入操作 ITEM_PIPELINES = { 'zhihuuser.pipelines.MongoDBPipeline': 300, }
pipelines.py:
1、首先我们要从settings文件中读取数据的地址、端口、数据库名称(没有会自动创建)。
2、拿到数据库的基本信息后进行连接。
3、将数据写入数据库
4、关闭数据库
注意:只有打开和关闭是只执行一次,而写入操作会根据具体的写入次数而定。
import pymongo
class MongoDBPipeline(object):
"""
1、连接数据库操作
"""
def __init__(self,mongourl,mongoport,mongodb):
'''
初始化mongodb数据的url、端口号、数据库名称
:param mongourl:
:param mongoport:
:param mongodb:
'''
self.mongourl = mongourl
self.mongoport = mongoport
self.mongodb = mongodb
@classmethod
def from_crawler(cls,crawler):
"""
1、读取settings里面的mongodb数据的url、port、DB。
:param crawler:
:return:
"""
return cls(
mongourl = crawler.settings.get("MONGO_URL"),
mongoport = crawler.settings.get("MONGO_PORT"),
mongodb = crawler.settings.get("MONGO_DB")
)
def open_spider(self,spider):
'''
1、连接mongodb数据
:param spider:
:return:
'''
self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(self.mongourl,self.mongoport)
self.db = self.client[self.mongodb]
def process_item(self,item,spider):
'''
1、将数据写入数据库
:param item:
:param spider:
:return:
'''
name = item.__class__.__name__
# self.db[name].insert(dict(item))
self.db['user'].update({'url_token':item['url_token']},{'$set':item},True)
return item
def close_spider(self,spider):
'''
1、关闭数据库连接
:param spider:
:return:
'''
self.client.close()