互联网中有海量的文件,比如电商网站有海量的图片文件,视频网站有海量的视频文件,如果使用传统的模式上传文件,肯定是不可取的。因此需要使用第三方服务器来存储图片 。
FastDFS 是用 c 语言编写的一款开源的分布式文件系统。FastDFS 为互联网量身定制,充分考虑了冗余备份、负载均衡、线性扩容等机制,并注重高可用、高性能等指标,使用 FastDFS很容易搭建一套高性能的文件服务器集群提供文件上传、下载等服务。
FastDFS 架构包括 Tracker server 和 Storage server。客户端请求 Tracker server 进行文件上传、下载,通过 Tracker server 调度最终由 Storage server 完成文件上传和下载。
Tracker server 作用是负载均衡和调度,通过 Tracker server 在文件上传时可以根据一些策略找到 Storage server 提供文件上传服务。可以将 tracker 称为追踪服务器或调度服务器。
Storage server 作用是文件存储,客户端上传的文件最终存储在 Storage 服务器上,Storageserver 没有实现自己的文件系统而是利用操作系统 的文件系统来管理文件。可以将storage称为存储服务器。
Tracker:管理集群,tracker 也可以实现集群。每个 tracker 节点地位平等。收集 Storage 集群的状态。
Storage:实际保存文件 Storage 分为多个组,每个组之间保存的文件是不同的。每个组内部可以有多个成员, 组成员内部保存的内容是一样的,组成员的地位是一致的,没有主从的概念。
文件上传流程 :
使用FastDFS上传文件,我们以图片的上传为例(ssm环境)
第一步:在Spring项目中导入FastDFS的坐标
<!-- 分布式文件系统 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.csource.fastdfs</groupId> <artifactId>fastdfs</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- 文件上传组件 --> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.1</version> </dependency>
# connect timeout in seconds
# default value is 30s
connect_timeout=30
# network timeout in seconds
# default value is 30s
network_timeout=60
# the base path to store log files
base_path=/home/fastdfs
# tracker_server can ocur more than once, and tracker_server format is
# "host:port", host can be hostname or ip address
tracker_server=192.168.25.133:22122
#standard log level as syslog, case insensitive, value list:
### emerg for emergency
### alert
### crit for critical
### error
### warn for warning
### notice
### info
### debug
log_level=info
# if use connection pool
# default value is false
# since V4.05
use_connection_pool = false
# connections whose the idle time exceeds this time will be closed
# unit: second
# default value is 3600
# since V4.05
connection_pool_max_idle_time = 3600
# if load FastDFS parameters from tracker server
# since V4.05
# default value is false
load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker=false
# if use storage ID instead of IP address
# same as tracker.conf
# valid only when load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker is false
# default value is false
# since V4.05
use_storage_id = false
# specify storage ids filename, can use relative or absolute path
# same as tracker.conf
# valid only when load_fdfs_parameters_from_tracker is false
# since V4.05
storage_ids_filename = storage_ids.conf
#HTTP settings
http.tracker_server_port=80
#use "#include" directive to include HTTP other settiongs
##include http.conf
/** * 图片上传的处理器 * @author Mr.song * @date 2019/06/09 20:07 */ @RestController public class UploadController { // FastDFS服务器的ip地址 private String server_url = "http://192.168.25.133/"; @RequestMapping("/upload") public Result uploadFile(MultipartFile uploadFile) { //把file存到fastDFS上 try { String fileName = uploadFile.getOriginalFilename(); //获取文件扩展名称 String exeName = fileName.substring(fileName.lastIndexOf(".") + 1); //创建上传客户端(封装的工具,见第六步) FastDFSClient client = new FastDFSClient("classpath:config/fdfs_client.conf"); //完成上传,获得fileId String fileId = client.uploadFile(uploadFile.getBytes(), exeName); //拼接文件的访问路径并返回到前端页面 String filePath = server_url + fileId; return new Result(true, filePath); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); return new Result(false, "上传失败!"); } } }
<!-- 配置文件上传解析器 --> <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"> <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8"></property> <!-- 设定文件上传的最大值 5MB, 5*1024*1024 --> <property name="maxUploadSize" value="5242880"></property> </bean>
//在前端service层中 app.service("uploadService",function ($http) { this.uploadFile=function () { var formData = new FormData();//上传文件的数据模型 //第一个参数:相当于表单的name,第二个参数需和文件上传框的id一致 formData.append("uploadFile",file.files[0]); return $http({ method:'post', url:'../upload.do', data:formData, //文件上传,类型必须是undefined,因为默认是text/plain(有默认值angularJS就不处理了) headers:{'Content-type':undefined}, transformRequest:angular.identity //对整个表单进行二进制序列化 }) } })
/** * FastDFS使用的简单封装 */ public class FastDFSClient { private TrackerClient trackerClient = null; private TrackerServer trackerServer = null; private StorageServer storageServer = null; private StorageClient1 storageClient = null; public FastDFSClient(String conf) throws Exception { if (conf.contains("classpath:")) { conf = conf.replace("classpath:", this.getClass().getResource("/").getPath()); } ClientGlobal.init(conf); trackerClient = new TrackerClient(); trackerServer = trackerClient.getConnection(); storageServer = null; storageClient = new StorageClient1(trackerServer, storageServer); } /** * 上传文件方法 * <p>Title: uploadFile</p> * <p>Description: </p> * @param fileName 文件全路径 * @param extName 文件扩展名,不包含(.) * @param metas 文件扩展信息 * @return * @throws Exception */ public String uploadFile(String fileName, String extName, NameValuePair[] metas) throws Exception { String result = storageClient.upload_file1(fileName, extName, metas); return result; } public String uploadFile(String fileName) throws Exception { return uploadFile(fileName, null, null); } public String uploadFile(String fileName, String extName) throws Exception { return uploadFile(fileName, extName, null); } /** * 上传文件方法 * <p>Title: uploadFile</p> * <p>Description: </p> * @param fileContent 文件的内容,字节数组 * @param extName 文件扩展名 * @param metas 文件扩展信息 * @return * @throws Exception */ public String uploadFile(byte[] fileContent, String extName, NameValuePair[] metas) throws Exception { String result = storageClient.upload_file1(fileContent, extName, metas); return result; } public String uploadFile(byte[] fileContent) throws Exception { return uploadFile(fileContent, null, null); } public String uploadFile(byte[] fileContent, String extName) throws Exception { return uploadFile(fileContent, extName, null); } }
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