java多线程模拟售票_Java:多线程模拟多站点售票过程

这是一个在并发状态下对共享资源的多线程访问。这些访问必须是互斥的进行，因为涉及到对资源的修改。假设现在销售火车票。目的地有3个，分别是北京，天津和上海。使用一个枚举类型表示。

Destation.java

packagecom.zj.tickets;

publicenumDestation {

BEIJING,SHANGHAI,TIANJING

}

下面设计车票类，finalintoriginal表示车票基数；intcurrent表示当前还有多少张票；Destationdestation表示目的地，它必须从上面的枚举型中取出其一。

Ticket.java

packagecom.zj.tickets;

publicclassTicket {

privatefinalintoriginal;

privateintcurrent;

privatefinalDestationdestation;

publicTicket(intnums, Destation

where) {

current=original= nums;

destation= where;

}

publicintdegress() {

return--current;

}

publicintoriginal() {

returnoriginal;

}

publicbooleansoldout() {

returncurrent<= 0;

}

publicDestation getDestation() {

returndestation;

}

publicintgetCurrent() {

returncurrent;

}

}

下面设计售票厅类，Map

Ticket>tickets表示目前可销售的车票种类，它通过一个static块初始化。Maprecords是当前售票厅的火车票销售情况。Listoffices表示当前可工作的所有售票厅，每个售票厅是一个线程。intticketsSold表示当前售票厅售出的火车票总数。intid表示当前售票厅编号。

每个线程都会模拟客户买票、工作人员查询数据库和售票交易过程。

模拟的数据为，当前发往北京、上海和天津的火车票各5张；每个售票厅交易5次(无论交易成功或失败)后关闭。

BookingOffice.java

packagecom.zj.tickets;

importjava.util.ArrayList;

importjava.util.HashMap;

importjava.util.List;

importjava.util.Map;

importjava.util.Random;

importjava.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

publicclassBookingOfficeimplementsRunnable {

privatestaticMaptickets=newHashMap();

privateMap

Integer>records;

privatestaticListoffices=newArrayList();

privateintticketsSold= 0;

privatefinalintid;

// now

today's tickets for sell:

static{

tickets.put(Destation.BEIJING,newTicket(5,

Destation.BEIJING));

tickets.put(Destation.SHANGHAI,newTicket(5,

Destation.SHANGHAI));

tickets.put(Destation.TIANJING,newTicket(5,

Destation.TIANJING));

}

publicBookingOffice(intid) {

this.id= id;

offices.add(this);

resetRecords();

}

privatevoidresetRecords() {

records=newHashMap();

}

privatevoidaddRecords(Destation d) {

Integer freq =records.get(d);

records.put(d, freq ==null? 1 : freq + 1);

}

publicvoidrun() {

inttransaction = 5;

while(transaction-- > 0) {

// simulate a customer's coming:

Destation d = Destation.values()[newRandom().nextInt(Destation

.values().length)];

print(this+"i want a ticket for "+ d);

// simulate the officer's checking:

try{

TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(1);

}catch(InterruptedException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

// simulate the transaction:

Ticket wanted =tickets.get(d);

synchronized(wanted) {

if(!wanted.soldout()) {

print(this+"sold a ticket for "+ d);

wanted.degress();

addRecords(d);

++ticketsSold;

print(this+""+ d +" tickets still have "

+ wanted.getCurrent());

}else

print(this+"tickets for "+ d +" have been sold out.");

}

}

print(this+"closed");

print(this+"totally sold tickets:"+ticketsSold+",sell

records:"

+records);

}

publicsynchronizedintgetValue() {

returnticketsSold;

}

publicString toString() {

return"";

}

staticvoidprint(String s) {

System.out.println(s);

}

}

模拟售票过程如下，启动5个售票厅。

Sell.java

packagecom.zj.tickets;

importjava.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;

importjava.util.concurrent.Executors;

publicclassSell {

publicstaticvoidmain(String[] args)throwsException

{

ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();

for(inti = 0; i < 5; i++)

exec.execute(newBookingOffice(i));

exec.shutdown();

}

}

结果：

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

i want a

ticket for TIANJING

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

sold a ticket

for BEIJING

BEIJING tickets still

have 4

i want a

ticket for TIANJING

sold a ticket

for SHANGHAI

SHANGHAI tickets still

have 4

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

sold a ticket

for TIANJING

TIANJING

tickets still have 4

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

sold a ticket

for SHANGHAI

SHANGHAI tickets still

have 3

i want a

ticket for TIANJING

sold a ticket

for SHANGHAI

SHANGHAI tickets still

have 2

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

sold a ticket

for BEIJING

BEIJING tickets still

have 3

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

sold a ticket

for TIANJING

TIANJING

tickets still have 3

i want a

ticket for TIANJING

sold a ticket

for BEIJING

BEIJING tickets still

have 2

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

sold a ticket

for SHANGHAI

SHANGHAI tickets still

have 1

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

sold a ticket

for TIANJING

TIANJING

tickets still have 2

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

sold a ticket

for SHANGHAI

SHANGHAI tickets still

have 0

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

sold a ticket

for TIANJING

TIANJING

tickets still have 1

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

sold a ticket

for BEIJING

BEIJING tickets still

have 1

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

sold a ticket

for BEIJING

BEIJING tickets still

have 0

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

tickets for BEIJING have been sold

out.

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

i want a

ticket for BEIJING

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

i want a

ticket for SHANGHAI

tickets for BEIJING have been sold

out.

closed

totally sold

tickets:4,sell records:{BEIJING=2, SHANGHAI=2}

tickets for BEIJING have been sold

out.

closed

totally sold

tickets:3,sell records:{TIANJING=2, SHANGHAI=1}

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

closed

totally sold

tickets:3,sell records:{BEIJING=2,

TIANJING=1}

tickets for BEIJING have been sold

out.

closed

totally sold

tickets:2,sell records:{SHANGHAI=2}

tickets for SHANGHAI have been sold

out.

closed

totally sold

tickets:2,sell records:{BEIJING=1,

TIANJING=1}