一、一对一关联
Hibernate提供了两种映射一对一关联关系的方式:按照外键映射和按照主键映射。下面以员工账号和员工档案表为例,介绍这两种映射方式,并使用这两种映射方式分别完成以下持久化操作:
(1)保存员工档案的同时分配给员工一个账号。
(2)加载员工档案的同时加载账号信息。
按照外键映射:
关系图:
①创建实体类:Resume、Users 并封装属性
public class Resume { //档案id private Integer resid; //档案名称 private String resname; //档案编号 private String rescardno; //员工对象 private Users users; }
public class Users { //员工id private Integer userid; //员工姓名 private String username; //员工密码 private String userpass; //档案对象 private Resume resume; }
② 配置小配置 Users.hbm.xml
注:property-ref="users" 表明Resume的users属性建立了从Users对象到Resume对象的关联
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.happy.entity"> <class name="Users" table="USERS1"> <id name="userid" column="USERID" > <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property name="username" column="USERNAME" type="string"></property> <property name="userpass" column="USERPASS" type="string"></property> <!-- 配置一对一外键关系的关联 --> <one-to-one name="resume" class="Resume" property-ref="users"></one-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
Resume.hbm.xml
注:因为Resume为外键表 植入<many-to-one>元素 并设置属性unique=“true” 确保用户档案的列只能是唯一的, 一个档案对应一个用户编号
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.happy.entity"> <class name="Resume" table="RESUME1"> <id column="RESID" name="resid"> <generator class="native"></generator> </id> <property column="RESNAME" name="resname" type="string"/> <property column="RESCARDNO" name="rescardno" type="string"/> <!--主的一方 --> <!-- 在用户档案指定的列只能是唯一的 一个档案只能对应一个用户编号--> <many-to-one name="users" cascade="all" class="Users" column="RESCARDID" unique="true"/> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
③ 大配置进行关联小配置
<!-- 关联小配置 --> <mapping resource="cn/happy/entity/Users.hbm.xml" /> <mapping resource="cn/happy/entity/Resume.hbm.xml" />
测试类:
/* * 添加 */ @Test public void addTest(){ //创建用户对象 Users u=new Users(); u.setUsername("张三1"); u.setUserpass("003"); //创建档案对象 Resume r=new Resume(); r.setResname("大学文凭1"); r.setRescardno("003"); //关联 u.setResume(r); r.setUsers(u); //保存档案,员工自动save session.save(r); System.out.println("save ok!!!"); }
输出结果:
按照主键映射:
关系图如下:
实体类同上
其次就是小配置的更改。Resume为主键表,Users的Userid既是主键又是外键 因此植入元素generator的类型为foreign主键
<one-to-one>植入属性constrained 用来约束 在底层数据表中植入外键
Users.hbm.xml配置文件如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.happy.pk"> <class name="Users2" table="USERS2"> <id name="userid" column="USERID" > <generator class="foreign"> <param name="property">resume2</param> </generator> </id> <property name="username" column="USERNAME" type="string"></property> <property name="userpass" column="USERPASS" type="string"></property> <!-- constrained:用来约束 在底层USERS2数据表中,植入外键--> <one-to-one name="resume2" class="Resume2" constrained="true"></one-to-one> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
Resume.hbm.xml配置如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN" "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd"> <hibernate-mapping package="cn.happy.pk"> <class name="Resume2" table="RESUME2"> <id column="RESID" name="resid"> <generator class="sequence"> <param name="sequence">SEQ_NUM</param> </generator> </id> <property column="RESNAME" name="resname" type="string"/> <property column="RESCARDNO" name="rescardno" type="string"/> <!--主的一方 --> <one-to-one name="users2" cascade="all" class="Users2" /> </class> </hibernate-mapping>
输出结果如下: