Hibernate总结--一对一关联查询

在Hibernate查询中存在一对多，多对一，多对多、一对一关系，本篇就简单的对一对一查询进行总结，

一对一关联查询有两种方式，一个是基于外键的一个是基于主键的

一、基于外键的

 1.sql语句

   CREATE TABLE `manger` (
         `MGR_ID` int(2) NOT NULL,
         `MGR_NAME` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
          PRIMARY KEY (`MGR_ID`)
   ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `deptment` (
        `DEPT_ID` int(2) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
       `DEPT_NAME` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
        `MGR_ID` int(2) DEFAULT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (`DEPT_ID`),
        UNIQUE KEY `mgr_id_sy` (`MGR_ID`) USING BTREE,
        CONSTRAINT `mgr_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`MGR_ID`) REFERENCES `manger` (`MGR_ID`)
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

deptment表有一个关联manger表的外键，并且是唯一的

2.实体和表映射文件

public class Manger implements java.io.Serializable {
    private Integer mgrId;
	private String mgrName;
	private Deptment dept;
}

Manger.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.foreign">
    <class name="Manger" table="manger" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="mgrId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="MGR_ID" />
            <generator class="assigned" />
        </id>
        <property name="mgrName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="MGR_NAME" length="30" />
        </property>
        <!-- 映射1 - 1 的关联关系：在对应的数据表中已经有外键了，当持久化类使用 one-to-one 进行映射 -->
        <!-- 没有外键的另一端需要使用one-to-one元素，该元素使用 property-ref 属性指定使用被关联实体主键以外的字段作为关联字段 -->
        <one-to-one name="dept" class="Deptment" property-ref="manger"></one-to-one>
        
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

deptment表实体

public class Deptment implements java.io.Serializable {
	private Integer deptId;
	private Manger manger;
	private String deptName;
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping package="com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.foreign">
    <class name="Deptment" table="deptment" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="deptId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="DEPT_ID" />
            <generator class="identity" />
        </id>
        
        <property name="deptName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="DEPT_NAME" length="30" />
        </property>
        
        
        <many-to-one name="manger" class="Manger" fetch="select" >
            <column name="MGR_ID" unique="true" />
        </many-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

3、测试类

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetomany.Customer;

public class HibernateTest {

	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	@Before
	public void init(){
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
		
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = 
				new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties())
				                            .buildServiceRegistry();
	    sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
	    session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	    transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void destroy(){
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		sessionFactory.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void testSave() {
		Deptment deptment = new Deptment();
        deptment.setDeptName("DEPT-AA");
        
        //设定关联关系
        Manger manger = new Manger(1, "MGR-AA", deptment);
        deptment.setManger(manger);
        
        //保存操作
        //建议先保存没有带外键列的对象，这样会减少Update
        session.save(manger); 
        session.save(deptment);
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testGet(){
		//默认情况：关联对象会出现懒加载情况
		Deptment deptment = (Deptment)session.get(Deptment.class, 1);
		System.out.println(deptment.getDeptName());
		
		//2.会出现懒加载异常的问题
		System.out.println(deptment.getManger().getMgrName());
		//3.查询Manager 对象的连接条件应该是 dept.manager_id = mgr.manager_id
		//而不是 dept.dept_id = mgr.manager_id
		
//		Customer customer = (Customer)session.get(Customer.class, 1);
//		System.out.println(customer.getCustomerName());
//		
//		System.out.println(customer.getOrders().iterator().next().getOrderName());	
		
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testGet2(){
		//在查询没有外键的一端的实体对象时：使用的左外键连接查询，一并查询出其关联的对象
		//并进行初始化
		Manger manger = (Manger)session.get(Manger.class, 1);
		System.out.println(manger.getMgrName());
		System.out.println(manger.getDept().getDeptName());
	}
	

}

注：

 A：插入方法：
        a：建议先保存没有带外键列的对象，这样会减少Update
 B：查询方法
        a：默认情况：关联对象会出现懒加载情况
        b：会出现懒加载异常的问题
        c：查询Manager 对象的连接条件应该是 dept.manager_id = mgr.manager_id，而不是 dept.dept_id = mgr.manager_id
          解决：没有外键的另一端需要使用one-to-one元素，该元素使用 property-ref 属性指定使用被关联实体主键以外的字段作为关联字段（映射文件配置）

二、基于主键的一对一

   1、sql语句

    CREATE TABLE `manger2` (
        `MGR_ID` int(2) NOT NULL,
        `MGR_NAME` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
        PRIMARY KEY (`MGR_ID`)
     ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

  CREATE TABLE `deptment2` (
      `DEPT_ID` int(2) NOT NULL,
       `DEPT_NAME` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
       PRIMARY KEY (`DEPT_ID`),
      UNIQUE KEY `dept2_id_sy` (`DEPT_ID`) USING BTREE,
      CONSTRAINT `dept_id_fk` FOREIGN KEY (`DEPT_ID`) REFERENCES `manger2` (`MGR_ID`)
 ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

deptment2 表的主键关联manger2的主键

2.实体和映射文件

public class Manger2 implements java.io.Serializable {

	private Integer mgrId;
	private String mgrName;
	private Deptment2 deptment2;
}

Manger2.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.priamy.Manger2" table="manger2" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="mgrId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="MGR_ID" />
            <generator class="assigned" />
        </id>
        <property name="mgrName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="MGR_NAME" length="30" />
        </property>
        
        <one-to-one name="deptment2" class="com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.priamy.Deptment2"></one-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

public class Deptment2 implements java.io.Serializable {

	private Integer deptId;
	private Manger2 manger;
	private String deptName;
}

Deptment2.hbm.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<!-- 
    Mapping file autogenerated by MyEclipse Persistence Tools
-->
<hibernate-mapping>
    <class name="com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.priamy.Deptment2" table="deptment2" catalog="hibernate">
        <id name="deptId" type="java.lang.Integer">
            <column name="DEPT_ID" />
            <!-- 使用外键的方式生成当前的主键 -->
            <generator class="foreign">
               <!-- property 属性使用当前持久化类的哪一个属性的主键作为外键 -->
               <param name="property">manger</param>
            </generator>
        </id>
        
        <property name="deptName" type="java.lang.String">
            <column name="DEPT_NAME" length="30" />
        </property>
        <!--
                                      采用foreign 主键生成器策略的一端增加 one-to-one 元素映射关联属性，
                                      其one-to-one 节点还应增加 constrained=“true” 属性；
                                      以使当前的主键加上外键约束。  
         -->
        <one-to-one name="manger" class="com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.priamy.Manger2" constrained="true"></one-to-one>
    </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

测试类

package com.zhuojing.hibernate.entities.onetoone.priamy;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.service.ServiceRegistryBuilder;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

public class HibernateTest {

	private SessionFactory sessionFactory;
	private Session session;
	private Transaction transaction;
	@Before
	public void init(){
		Configuration configuration = new Configuration().configure();
		
		ServiceRegistry serviceRegistry = 
				new ServiceRegistryBuilder().applySettings(configuration.getProperties())
				                            .buildServiceRegistry();
	    sessionFactory = configuration.buildSessionFactory(serviceRegistry);
	    session = sessionFactory.openSession();
	    transaction = session.beginTransaction();
	}
	
	@After
	public void destroy(){
		
		transaction.commit();
		session.close();
		sessionFactory.close();
	}
	@Test
	public void testSave() {
		Deptment2 deptment = new Deptment2();
        deptment.setDeptName("DEPT-AA");
        
        Manger2 manger = new Manger2(5, "MGR-AA", deptment);
        deptment.setManger(manger);
        
       //先插入哪一个都不会出现对于的Update
        session.save(manger); 
        session.save(deptment);
       
        
	}
	
	@Test
	public void testGet(){
		//默认情况：关联对象会出现懒加载情况
		Deptment2 deptment = (Deptment2)session.get(Deptment2.class, 1);
		System.out.println(deptment.getDeptName());
		//2.会出现懒加载异常的问题
		System.out.println(deptment.getManger().getMgrName());
		//3.查询Manager 对象的连接条件应该是 dept.manager_id = mgr.manager_id
		//而不是 dept.dept_id = mgr.manager_id
	}
	@Test
	public void testGet2(){
		//在查询没有外键的一端的实体对象时：使用的左外键连接查询，一并查询出其关联的对象
		//并进行初始化
		Manger2 manger = (Manger2)session.get(Manger2.class, 1);
		
		System.out.println(manger.getMgrName());
		System.out.println(manger.getDeptment2().getDeptName());
	}
	

}

注：

  A：插入方法：
        a：先插入哪一个都不会出现多余的Update
 B：查询方法
        a：在查询没有外键的一端的实体对象时：使用的左外键连接查询，一并查询出其关联的对象，并进行初始化