VMware Workstation 添加磁盘挂载目录(centos)

最新推荐文章于 2023-06-25 18:04:19 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2023-06-25 18:04:19 发布

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原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/lillcol/p/11413556.html

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本文详细介绍了在Linux环境下如何通过添加新磁盘并进行分区、格式化，然后将其挂载到特定目录的过程。从虚拟机中添加磁盘开始，通过fdisk命令创建分区，使用mkfs-text3进行格式化，最后将新磁盘挂载到目标目录，实现存储空间的扩展。

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参考文档： Linux命令大全

需求：测试环境虚拟机某个目录下空间不足，准备通过添加一块磁盘，并将该目录挂载到该磁盘

前面几步在测试服务器上操作的，截图困难，所以网上找了几张设置图

关闭虚拟机（没测试过不关闭的情况）
虚拟机中添加一块新的磁盘

选择磁盘类型

创建新磁盘

创建新磁盘.png

设置大小、拆分方式

设定文件名（一般默认即可）

确定（一定要确定，不然不会保存的）

重启虚拟机

fdisk观察硬盘实体使用情况

[root@node3 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bd826

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200  1048575999   523238400   8e  Linux LVM

//新加的磁盘（100G）
Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 480.0 GB, 479954206720 bytes, 937410560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

选择要进行操作的磁盘

[root@node3 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x2890866a.

输入m列出可以执行的命令：

command (m for help): m
Command action
   a   toggle a bootable flag
   b   edit bsd disklabel
   c   toggle the dos compatibility flag
   d   delete a partition //删除现有分区
   l   list known partition types
   m   print this menu
   n   add a new partition //添加新的分区
   o   create a new empty DOS partition table
   p   print the partition table //查看分区情况
   q   quit without saving changes
   s   create a new empty Sun disklabel
   t   change a partition's system id
   u   change display/entry units
   v   verify the partition table
   w   write table to disk and exit
   x   extra functionality (experts only)

输入p列出磁盘目前的分区情况（如果是新的磁盘忽略步骤）

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1           1        8001   8e  Linux LVM
/dev/sdb2               2          26      200812+  83  Linux

删除现有分区

Command (m for help): d
Partition number (1-4): 1

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 2

确认分区已经删除

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help):

建立新的磁盘分区（两个主磁盘分区）

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p    //建立主分区
Partition number (1-4): 1  //分区号
First cylinder (1-391, default 1):  //分区起始位置
Using default value 1
last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-391, default 391): 100  //分区结束位置，单位为扇区(磁盘扇区默认是512Byte)

Command (m for help): n  //再建立一个分区
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p 
Partition number (1-4): 2  //分区号为2
First cylinder (101-391, default 101):
Using default value 101
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (101-391, default 391): +200M  //分区结束位置，单位为M

建一个扩展分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
e  //选择扩展分区
Partition number (1-4): 3
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391)://剩下的空间都用做扩展分区
Using default value 391

查看扩展分区

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             126         391     2136645    5  Extended

扩展分区上建立逻辑分区

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l //选择逻辑分区
First cylinder (126-391, default 126):
Using default value 126
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (126-391, default 391): +400M    

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   l   logical (5 or over)
   p   primary partition (1-4)
l
First cylinder (176-391, default 176):
Using default value 176
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (176-391, default 391):
Using default value 391

查看当前分区情况

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdb: 3221 MB, 3221225472 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 391 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1               1         100      803218+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb2             101         125      200812+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb3             126         391     2136645    5  Extended
/dev/sdb5             126         175      401593+  83  Linux
/dev/sdb6             176         391     1734988+  83  Linux

Command (m for help):

从上面的结果我们可以看到，在硬盘sdb我们建立了2个主分区（sdb1，sdb2），1个扩展分区（sdb3），2个逻辑分区（sdb5，sdb6）

注意：主分区和扩展分区的磁盘号位1-4，也就是说最多有4个主分区或者扩展分区，逻辑分区开始的磁盘号为5，因此在这个实验中试没有sdb4的。

保存分区操作

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

分区创建方式按照参考文档的操作，但是我并没有创建这么多分区，100G全部创建了主分区即/dev/sdb1

fdisk 查看硬盘分区情况

[root@node3 ~]# fdisk -l

Disk /dev/sda: 536.9 GB, 536870912000 bytes, 1048576000 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000bd826

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1   *        2048     2099199     1048576   83  Linux
/dev/sda2         2099200  1048575999   523238400   8e  Linux LVM

Disk /dev/sdb: 107.4 GB, 107374182400 bytes, 209715200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x2890866a

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdb1            2048   209715199   104856576   83  Linux  //新的分区（sbd1:100G）

Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 2147 MB, 2147483648 bytes, 4194304 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes


Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 480.0 GB, 479954206720 bytes, 937410560 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes

cat /proc/partitions 查看磁盘文件信息

[root@node3 ~]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor  #blocks  name

   8        0  524288000 sda
   8        1    1048576 sda1
   8        2  523238400 sda2
   8       16  104857600 sdb
   8       17  104856576 sdb1
  11        0    1048575 sr0
 253        0   52428800 dm-0
 253        1    2097152 dm-1
 253        2  468705280 dm-2

mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1格式化分区

[root@node3 ~]# mkfs -t ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
6553600 inodes, 26214144 blocks
1310707 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
800 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

mount /dev/sdb1 /guazai

#/usr/hdp/  目录要先存在
[root@node3 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /usr/hdp/

查看挂载情况

[root@node3 usr]# df -h
Filesystem               Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root   50G   50G   20K 100% /
devtmpfs                 3.8G     0  3.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                    3.9G   12M  3.8G   1% /run
tmpfs                    3.9G     0  3.9G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1               1014M  142M  873M  14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home  447G 1018M  446G   1% /home
tmpfs                    781M     0  781M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1                 99G   60M   94G   1% /usr/hdp //挂载成功

取消挂载

[root@node3 /]# umount /dev/sdb1
[root@node3 /]# df -k
Filesystem              1K-blocks     Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/centos-root  52403200 52403180        20 100% /
devtmpfs                  3983896        0   3983896   0% /dev
tmpfs                     3996168        0   3996168   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                     3996168    11992   3984176   1% /run
tmpfs                     3996168        0   3996168   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda1                 1038336   145260    893076  14% /boot
/dev/mapper/centos-home 468476420  1041428 467434992   1% /home
tmpfs                      799236        0    799236   0% /run/user/0