[toc]
表内容操作
1、增
insert into 表 (列名,列名...) values (值,值,值...)
insert into 表 (列名,列名...) values (值,值,值...),(值,值,值...)
insert into 表 (列名,列名...) select (列名,列名...) from 表
2、删
delete from 表
delete from 表 where id=1 and name='alex'
3、改
update 表 set name = 'alex' where id>1
4、查
select * from 表
select * from 表 where id > 1
select nid,name,gender as gg from 表 where id > 1
5、其他
a、条件
select * from 表 where id > 1 and name != 'alex' and num = 12;
select * from 表 where id between 5 and 16;
select * from 表 where id in (11,22,33)
select * from 表 where id not in (11,22,33)
select * from 表 where id in (select nid from 表)
b、通配符
ale开头的所有(多个字符串)
select * from 表 where name like 'ale%'
ale开头的所有(一个字符)
select * from 表 where name like 'ale_'
c、限制
前5行
select * from 表 limit 5;
从第4行开始的5行
select * from 表 limit 4,5;
从第4行开始的5行
select * from 表 limit 5 offset 4
d、排序
根据 “列” 从小到大排列
select * from 表 order by 列 asc
根据 “列” 从大到小排列
select * from 表 order by 列 desc
根据 “列1” 从大到小排列,如果相同则按列2从小到大排序
select * from 表 order by 列1 desc,列2 asc
e、分组
==group by 必须在where之后,order by之前==
==条件语句包含函数的不能用where,只能用having==
select num from 表 group by num
select num,nid from 表 group by num,nid
select num,nid from 表 where nid > 10 group by num,nid order nid desc
select num,nid,count(*),sum(score),max(score),min(score) from 表 group by num,nid
select num from 表 group by num having max(id) > 10
f、连表
A、B表有的都显示
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A,B
Where A.nid = B.nid
只显示A、B表都有的
==inner join==
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A inner join B
on A.nid = B.nid
A表所有显示,如果B中无对应关系,则值为null
==left join==
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A left join B
on A.nid = B.nid
B表所有显示,如果B中无对应关系,则值为null
==right join==
select A.num, A.name, B.name
from A right join B
on A.nid = B.nid
g、组合
组合,自动处理重合
==union==
select nickname
from A
union
select name
from B
组合,不处理重合
==union all==
select nickname
from A
union all
select name
from B
h、聚合函数
计数: count
最大值: max
最小值: min
求和: sum
平均值: avg