RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR有两种用途.第一个是用我们自己的更有意义的消息来替换通用的Oracle异常消息.第二个是创建我们自己的异常条件,当Oracle不会抛出它们时.
以下过程说明了两种用法.它实施了一项业务规则,即将来不能雇用新雇员.它也覆盖了两个Oracle异常.一个是DUP_VAL_ON_INDEX,由EMP(ENAME)上的唯一键抛出.另一个是当EMP(MGR)和EMPNO(EMPNO)之间的外键被违反时(因为管理员必须是现有员工)而抛出的用户定义的异常.
create or replace procedure new_emp
( p_name in emp.ename%type
, p_sal in emp.sal%type
, p_job in emp.job%type
, p_dept in emp.deptno%type
, p_mgr in emp.mgr%type
, p_hired in emp.hiredate%type := sysdate )
is
invalid_manager exception;
PRAGMA EXCEPTION_INIT(invalid_manager, -2291);
dummy varchar2(1);
begin
-- check hiredate is valid
if trunc(p_hired) > trunc(sysdate)
then
raise_application_error
(-20000
, 'NEW_EMP::hiredate cannot be in the future');
end if;
insert into emp
( ename
, sal
, job
, deptno
, mgr
, hiredate )
values
( p_name
, p_sal
, p_job
, p_dept
, p_mgr
, trunc(p_hired) );
exception
when dup_val_on_index then
raise_application_error
(-20001
, 'NEW_EMP::employee called '||p_name||' already exists'
, true);
when invalid_manager then
raise_application_error
(-20002
, 'NEW_EMP::'||p_mgr ||' is not a valid manager');
end;
/
看起来如何
SQL> exec new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 7782, sysdate+1)
BEGIN new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 7782, sysdate+1); END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20000: NEW_EMP::hiredate cannot be in the future
ORA-06512: at "APC.NEW_EMP", line 16
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL>
SQL> exec new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 8888, sysdate)
BEGIN new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 8888, sysdate); END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20002: NEW_EMP::8888 is not a valid manager
ORA-06512: at "APC.NEW_EMP", line 42
ORA-06512: at line 1
SQL>
SQL> exec new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 7782, sysdate)
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL>
SQL> exec new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 7782, sysdate)
BEGIN new_emp ('DUGGAN', 2500, 'SALES', 10, 7782, sysdate); END;
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-20001: NEW_EMP::employee called DUGGAN already exists
ORA-06512: at "APC.NEW_EMP", line 37
ORA-00001: unique constraint (APC.EMP_UK) violated
ORA-06512: at line 1
请注意在EXCEPTIONS块中对RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR的两次调用的不同输出.将可选的第三个参数设置为TRUE表示RAISE_APPLICATION_ERROR包含堆栈中的触发异常,这对诊断有用.