mysql many to one_JPA关系映射系列三：one-to-many和many-to-one

SpringDataJPA是Spring Data的一个子项目，通过提供基于JPA的Repository极大的减少了JPA作为数据访问方案的代码量，你仅仅需要编写一个接口集成下SpringDataJPA内部定义的接口即可完成简单的CRUD操作。

前言

本篇文章引导你通过Spring Boot，Spring Data JPA和MySQL实现one-to-many和many-to-one关联映射。

准备

JDK 1.8 或更高版本

Maven 3 或更高版本

MySQL Server 5.6

技术栈

Spring Data JPA

Spring Boot

MySQL

目录结构

父pom.xml

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

4.0.0

cn.merryyou

jpa-example

1.0-SNAPSHOT

one-to-one-foreignkey

one-to-one-primarykey

one-to-many

many-to-many

many-to-many-extra-columns

pom

io.spring.platform

platform-bom

Brussels-SR6

pom

import

一对多和多对一

目录结构

pom.xml

xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"

xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">

jpa-example

cn.merryyou

1.0-SNAPSHOT

4.0.0

one-to-many

UTF-8

1.8

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-data-jpa

mysql

mysql-connector-java

runtime

org.projectlombok

lombok

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-starter-test

test

org.springframework.boot

spring-boot-maven-plugin

org.apache.maven.plugins

maven-compiler-plugin

3.6.1

1.8

1.8

一对多和多对一关联

book.book-category_id 和 book_category.id

db.sql

CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `jpa_onetomany`;

USE `jpa_onetomany`;

--

-- Table structure for table `book_detail`

--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book_category`;

CREATE TABLE `book_category` (

`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(255) NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`name`)

) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=9 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

--

-- Table structure for table `book`

--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `book`;

CREATE TABLE `book` (

`id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,

`name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,

`book_category_id` int(11) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY (`id`),

KEY `fk_book_bookcategoryid_idx` (`book_category_id`),

CONSTRAINT `fk_book_bookcategoryid` FOREIGN KEY (`book_category_id`) REFERENCES `book_category` (`id`) ON DELETE CASCADE ON UPDATE CASCADE

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

实体类

Book

@Entity

public class Book {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)

private int id;

private String name;

@ManyToOne

@JoinColumn(name = "book_category_id")

private BookCategory bookCategory;

public Book() {

}

public Book(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Book(String name, BookCategory bookCategory) {

this.name = name;

this.bookCategory = bookCategory;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public BookCategory getBookCategory() {

return bookCategory;

}

public void setBookCategory(BookCategory bookCategory) {

this.bookCategory = bookCategory;

}

}

BookCategory

@Entity

@Table(name = "book_category")

public class BookCategory {

@Id

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)

private int id;

private String name;

@OneToMany(mappedBy = "bookCategory", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)

private Set books;

public BookCategory(){

}

public BookCategory(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public int getId() {

return id;

}

public void setId(int id) {

this.id = id;

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public Set getBooks() {

return books;

}

public void setBooks(Set books) {

this.books = books;

}

@Override

public String toString() {

String result = String.format(

"Category[id=%d, name='%s']%n",

id, name);

if (books != null) {

for(Book book : books) {

result += String.format(

"Book[id=%d, name='%s']%n",

book.getId(), book.getName());

}

}

return result;

}

}

@Table声明此对象映射到数据库的数据表，通过它可以为实体指定表(talbe),目录(Catalog)和schema的名字。该注释不是必须的，如果没有则系统使用默认值(实体的短类名)。

@Id 声明此属性为主键。该属性值可以通过应该自身创建，但是Hibernate推荐通过Hibernate生成

@GeneratedValue 指定主键的生成策略。

TABLE：使用表保存id值

IDENTITY：identitycolumn

SEQUENCR ：sequence

AUTO：根据数据库的不同使用上面三个

@Column 声明该属性与数据库字段的映射关系。

@OneToMany 一对多关联关系

@ManyToOne 多对一关联关系

@JoinColumn 指定关联的字段

Spring Data JPA Repository

public interface BookCategoryRepository extends JpaRepository {

}

Spring Data JPA包含了一些内置的Repository，实现了一些常用的方法：findone，findall，save等。

application.yml

spring:

datasource:

url: jdbc:mysql://localhost/jpa_onetomany

username: root

password: admin

driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

jpa:

show-sql: true

properties:

hibernate:

enable_lazy_load_no_trans: true

BookRepositoryTest

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)

@SpringBootTest

@Slf4j

public class BookCategoryRepositoryTest {

@Autowired

private BookCategoryRepository repository;

@Test

public void saveCategoryTest(){

BookCategory categoryOne = new BookCategory("Category One");

Set books = new HashSet(){{

add(new Book("Book One", categoryOne));

add(new Book("Book Two", categoryOne));

add(new Book("Book Three", categoryOne));

}};

categoryOne.setBooks(books);

BookCategory categoryTwo = new BookCategory("Category Two");

Set bookBs = new HashSet(){{

add(new Book("Book Four", categoryTwo));

add(new Book("Book Five", categoryTwo));

add(new Book("Book Six", categoryTwo));

}};

categoryTwo.setBooks(bookBs);

Set allBooks = new HashSet();

allBooks.add(categoryOne);

allBooks.add(categoryTwo);

List list = repository.save(allBooks);

Assert.assertNotNull(list);

}

@Test

public void findAll() throws Exception{

for (BookCategory bookCategory : repository.findAll()) {

log.info(bookCategory.toString());

}

}

}

代码下载

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