Spring IoC容器可以自动装配(autowire)相互协作bean之间的关联关系,少写几个ref
autowire:
no ---默认情况,不自动装配,通过ref手动引用
byName---根据名字自动装配
byType---根据类型自动装配
constructor---根据构造函数参数的数据类型,进行byType模式的自动装配。 (麻烦,不推荐)
autodetect--- 首先尝试使用constructor进行自动装配,如果失败,再使用byType进行自动装配(麻烦,不推荐)
看一个例子:Person类有name属性、Car对象属性、Address对象属性
1 package com.guigu.spring.autowire; 2 // Car类 3 public class Car { 4 private String brand; 5 private double price; 6 public String getBrand() { 7 return brand; 8 } 9 public void setBrand(String brand) { 10 this.brand = brand; 11 } 12 public double getPrice() { 13 return price; 14 } 15 public void setPrice(double price) { 16 this.price = price; 17 } 18 @Override 19 public String toString() { 20 return "Car [brand=" + brand + ", price=" + price + "]"; 21 } 22 }
1 package com.guigu.spring.autowire; 2 // Address 类 3 public class Address { 4 private String city; 5 private String street; 6 public String getCity() { 7 return city; 8 } 9 public void setCity(String city) { 10 this.city = city; 11 } 12 public String getStreet() { 13 return street; 14 } 15 public void setStreet(String street) { 16 this.street = street; 17 } 18 @Override 19 public String toString() { 20 return "Address [city=" + city + ", street=" + street + "]"; 21 } 22 }
1 package com.guigu.spring.autowire; 2 // Person类 3 public class Person { 4 private String name; 5 private Car car; 6 private Address address; 7 8 public String getName() { 9 return name; 10 } 11 public void setName(String name) { 12 this.name = name; 13 } 14 public Car getCar() { 15 return car; 16 } 17 public void setCar(Car car) { 18 this.car = car; 19 } 20 public Address getAddress() { 21 return address; 22 } 23 public void setAddress(Address address) { 24 this.address = address; 25 } 26 @Override 27 public String toString() { 28 return "Person [car=" + car + ", address=" + address + "]"; 29 } 30 }
1 public class Main { 2 // main 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 5 ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("autowire.xml"); 6 Person person = (Person) ctx.getBean("person"); 7 System.out.println(person); 8 9 } 10 }
1 <beans 2 xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xsi:schemaLocation=" 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"> 8 <bean id="address" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Address" 9 p:city="BeiJing" p:street="HuiZhou"></bean> 10 <bean id="car" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Car" 11 p:brand="Audi" p:price="200000"></bean> 12 <!-- 手动装配 13 <bean id="person" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Person" 14 p:name="Tom" p:address-ref="address" p:car-ref="car"></bean> 15 --> 16 <!-- 自动装配 --> 17 <bean id="person" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Person" 18 p:name="Tom" autowire="byName"></bean> 19 20 </beans>
结果会输出正确toString信息。
补充一下 P:city ,这是用p命名空间,配置属性更简便
1 <bean id="address" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Address" 2 p:city="BeiJing" p:street="HuiZhou"></bean> 3 4 <!--等同于--> 5 <bean id="address" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Address"> 6 <property name="city" value="BeiJing"></property> 7 <property name="street" value="HuiZhou"></property> 8 </bean>
继续说自动装配,autowire="byName"达到了和手动装配一样的效果。
它的匹配方法是依据person类有两个属性,一个是address,一个是car,正好有两个bean名字就是对应两个属性名,就会自动匹配上了。
缺点是当bean的id变成address1,返回null,因为名字不匹配。。
1 <bean id="address1" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Address" 2 p:city="BeiJing" p:street="HuiZhou"></bean> 3 <bean id="car1" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Car" 4 p:brand="Audi" p:price="200000"></bean> 5 <!-- 手动装配 6 <bean id="person" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Person" 7 p:name="Tom" p:address-ref="address" p:car-ref="car"></bean> 8 --> 9 <!-- 自动装配 --> 10 <bean id="person" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Person" 11 p:name="Tom" autowire="byType"></bean>
这样,即使名字不能匹配,但可以用类型匹配。person类有两个属性,一个是Address类,一个是Car类,正好前面两个bean是这样类型的,就匹配上了。不管它们叫什么名字
缺点是,若前面有多个Car类,那它就不知道匹配谁了,会报异常。。如下
1 <bean id="address" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Address" 2 p:city="BeiJing" p:street="HuiZhou"></bean> 3 <bean id="car" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Car" 4 p:brand="Audi" p:price="200000"></bean> 5 <bean id="car1" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Car" 6 p:brand="Baoma" p:price="300000"></bean> 7 8 <!-- 自动装配 --> 9 <bean id="person" class="com.guigu.spring.autowire.Person" 10 p:name="Tom" autowire="byType"></bean>
缺点:
1、autowire属性将自动装配bean的所有属性,若只希望装配个别属性时,显得不那么灵活。
2、一般用byName或byType,不能二者一起用
在实际中较少用,在一些整合框架中用到。