客户端xmlhttp调用webservice

Truly
2005-08-17

下载本文的源码(C#) - 25k 下载本文的源码(VB) - 25k

 

摘要

很多时候大家需要使用xmlhttp来实现无刷新的从服务器获取数据,本文以实例代码来介绍本在客户端对WebService的调用

主要分为3种类型

通过SOAP对WebService进行调用 通过HTTP POST对WebService进行调用 借助MS的webservice.htc简化调用

注:本文代码均以C#代码作为基础,对于使用VB代码的需要注意WebService的命名空间,详细请看下载链接中源码

SOAP对WebService进行调用

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
                        // Client invoke WebService use SOAP request and response
                        function GetHelloWorld_SOAP(i)
                        {
                        var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
                        var soapMessage, soapData, URL;
                        // Set the soap message
                        soapMessage = "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>";
                        soapMessage += "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\""
                        + " xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">";
                        soapMessage += "<soap:Body>";
                        // Set the data for soap body ---- begin ------
                        soapData = "<HelloWorld xmlns=\"http://tempuri.org/\">";
                        soapData += "    <i>" + i + "</i>";
                        soapData += "</HelloWorld>";
                        // Set the data for soap body ----  end  ------
                        soapMessage = soapMessage + soapData + "</soap:Body>";
                        soapMessage = soapMessage + "</soap:Envelope>";
                        URL = "Service1.asmx"; //可以使用相对地址或完整URL
                        xmlhttp.Open("POST",URL, false);
                        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8");
                        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld");
                        xmlhttp.send(soapMessage);
                        alert(soapMessage)
                        var x =   xmlhttp.responseXML;
                        alert(x.childNodes[1].text);
                        //那么如何知道是否调用成功呢,状态为200说明调用成功,500则说明出错
                        alert(xmlhttp.Status);
                        alert(xmlhttp.StatusText);
                        }
                        </SCRIPT>
                        
<SCRIPT language="vbscript">
                        ' Client invoke WebService use SOAP request and response
                        Function vbGetHelloWorld_SOAP(i)
                        dim soapMessage, soapData, URL
                        ' Set the soap message
                        soapMessage = "<?XML version=""1.0"" encoding=""utf-8""?>"
                        soapMessage = soapMessage & "<SOAP:ENVELOPE xmlns:xsi=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"""
                        +" xmlns:xsd=""http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema"" xmlns:soap=""http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"">"
                        soapMessage = soapMessage & "<SOAP:BODY>"
                        ' Set the data for soap body ---- begin ------
                        soapData = "<HELLOWORLD xmlns=""http://tempuri.org/"">"
                        soapData = soapData & "    <I>" & i & "</I>"
                        soapData = soapData & "</HELLOWORLD>"
                        ' Set the data for soap body ----  end  ------
                        soapMessage = soapMessage & soapData & "</SOAP:BODY>"
                        soapMessage = soapMessage & "</SOAP:ENVELOPE>"
                        URL = "Service1.asmx" '可以使用相对地址或完整URL
                        Set xmlhttp = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
                        xmlhttp.Open "POST",URL, False
                        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader "Content-Type","text/xml; charset=utf-8"
                        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader "SOAPAction","http://tempuri.org/HelloWorld"
                        xmlhttp.send(soapMessage)
                        Set x2 =   xmlhttp.responseXML
                        alert(x2.childNodes(1).text)
                        '那么如何知道是否调用成功呢,状态为200说明调用成功,500则说明出错
                        alert(xmlhttp.Status)
                        alert(xmlhttp.StatusText)
                        End Function
                        </SCRIPT>
                        
JavaScriptvbscript 
通过HTTP POST对WebService进行调用

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
                        // Client invoke WebService use HTTP POST request and response
                        function GetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST(i)
                        {
                        var URL = "http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld";
                        var Params = "i=" + i;// Set postback parameters
                        var xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
                        xmlhttp.Open("POST",URL, false);
                        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Type","application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
                        xmlhttp.SetRequestHeader ("Content-Length",Params.length);
                        xmlhttp.send(Params);
                        var x =   xmlhttp.responseXML;
                        alert(x.childNodes[1].text);
                        //那么如何知道是否调用成功呢,状态为200说明调用成功,500则说明出错
                        alert(xmlhttp.Status);
                        alert(xmlhttp.StatusText);
                        }
                        </SCRIPT>
                        
<SCRIPT language="vbscript">
                        ' Client invoke WebService use HTTP POST request and response
                        Function vbGetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST(i)
                        URL = "http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx/HelloWorld"
                        Params = "i=" & i ' Set postback parameters
                        Set xmlhttp = CreateObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP")
                        xmlhttp.Open "POST",URL,False
                        xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"
                        xmlhttp.setRequestHeader "Content-Length",LEN(Params)
                        xmlhttp.Send(Params)
                        Set x =   xmlhttp.responseXML
                        alert(x.childNodes(1).text)
                        '那么如何知道是否调用成功呢,状态为200说明调用成功,500则说明出错
                        alert(xmlhttp.Status)
                        alert(xmlhttp.StatusText)
                        Set xmlhttp = Nothing
                        End Function
                        </SCRIPT>
                        
JavaScriptvbscript 

借助MS的webservice.htc简化调用
webservice.htc是MS提供的一个对webservie常用方法的封装,可以从ms官方网站下载,安装iewebcontrols时也会安装到你的网站根目录下,使用时需要注意路径。请注意代码中body的属性设置,更多对WebService.htc的介绍,点击这里

 

<SCRIPT language="JavaScript">
                        function Init()
                        {
                        // establishes a friendly name for a Web service URL
                        wsCaller.useService("http://localhost/WSInvoke/Service1.asmx?WSDL","HW");
                        }
                        function callWS(i)
                        {
                        wsCaller.HW.callService(Handler_HW, "HelloWorld", i);
                        }
                        function Handler_HW(result)
                        {
                        // if there is an error, and the call came from the call() in init()
                        if(result.error)
                        {
                        // Pull the error information from the event.result.errorDetail properties
                        var xfaultcode   = result.errorDetail.code;
                        var xfaultstring = result.errorDetail.string;
                        var xfaultsoap   = result.errorDetail.raw;
                        // Add code to handle specific error codes here
                        }
                        // if there was no error
                        else
                        {
                        document.all.Text1.value = result.value;
                        }
                        }
                        </SCRIPT>
                        <BODY id="wsCaller" οnlοad="Init()" style="BEHAVIOR:url(webservice.htc)">
                        <INPUT type="text" id="Text1" name="Text1">
                        <INPUT οnclick="callWS(1)" type="button" value="Invoke" id="Button1" name="Button1">
                        
 

 

Web Service 的完整代码(C#, Service1.asmx.cs)
using System;
                        using System.Collections;
                        using System.ComponentModel;
                        using System.Data;
                        using System.Diagnostics;
                        using System.Web;
                        using System.Web.Services;
                        namespace WSInvoke
                        {
                        /// <SUMMARY>
                        /// Summary description for Service1.
                        /// </SUMMARY>
                        public class Service1 : System.Web.Services.WebService
                        {
                        public Service1()
                        {
                        //CODEGEN: This call is required by the ASP.NET Web Services Designer
                        InitializeComponent();
                        }
                        #region Component Designer generated code
                        //Required by the Web Services Designer
                        private IContainer components = null;
                        /// <SUMMARY>
                        /// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
                        /// the contents of this method with the code editor.
                        /// </SUMMARY>
                        private void InitializeComponent()
                        {
                        }
                        /// <SUMMARY>
                        /// Clean up any resources being used.
                        /// </SUMMARY>
                        protected override void Dispose( bool disposing )
                        {
                        if(disposing && components != null)
                        {
                        components.Dispose();
                        }
                        base.Dispose(disposing);
                        }
                        #endregion
                        // WEB SERVICE EXAMPLE
                        // The HelloWorld() example service returns the string Hello World
                        // To build, uncomment the following lines then save and build the project
                        // To test this web service, press F5
                        [WebMethod]
                        public string HelloWorld(int i)
                        {
                        return "Hello World" + i;
                        }
                        }
                        }
                        
 

 

测试所用的html页面(Invoke.html)
<HTML>
                        <BODY>
                        <INPUT type="button" value="SOAP" οnclick="GetHelloWorld_SOAP('1')" id="Button1" name="Button1">
                        <INPUT type="button" value="HTTPPOST" οnclick="GetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST('2')" id="Button2" name="Button2">
                        <INPUT type="button" value="异常测试" οnclick="GetHelloWorld_SOAP('')" id="Button3" name="Button3"><BR><BR>
                        <INPUT type="button" value="vbSOAP" οnclick="vbGetHelloWorld_SOAP('3')" id="Button4" name="Button4">
                        <INPUT type="button" value="vbHTTPPOST" οnclick="vbGetHelloWorld_HTTPPOST('4')" id="Button5" name="Button5">
                        </BODY>
                        </HTML>
                        
 
很晚了,先把代码贴上。有空的时候把异步操作再仔细分析一下 :B

 

附表1(IXMLHTTPRequest - 属性)
Name Type Description
onreadystatechange N/A指定当就绪状态发生改变时调用的事件处理函数,仅用于异步操作
readyState Long异步操作的状态:未初始化(0),正在加载(1),已加载(2),交互(3),已完成(4)
responseBody Variant将响应信息正文作为unsigned byte数组返回
responseStream Variant将响应信息正文作为一个ADO Stream对象返回
responseText String将响应信息正文作为一个文本字符串返回
responseXML Object通过XMLDom将响应信息正文解析为XMLDocument对象
status Long服务器返回的HTTP状态码
statusText String服务器HTTP响应行状态

附表2(IXMLHTTPRequest - 方法)
Name Desciption
abort取消当前 HTTP 请求
getAllResponseHeaders从响应信息中检索所有的标头字段
getResponseHeader从响应信息正文中获得一个 HTTP 标头值
open(method, url, boolAsync, bstrUser, bstrPassword)打开一个与 HTTP 服务器的连接
send(varBody)设定一个请求的标头字段
setRequestHeader(bstrHeader, bstrValue)向 HTTP 服务器发送请求。可包含正文。

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Truly/archive/2005/08/18/218102.html

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