多线程应用中,经常会遇到这种场景:后面的处理,依赖前面的N个线程的处理结果,必须等前面的线程执行完毕后,后面的代码才允许执行。
在我不知道CyclicBarrier之前,最容易想到的就是放置一个公用的static变量,假如有10个线程,每个线程处理完上去累加下结果,然后后面用一个死循环(或类似线程阻塞的方法),去数这个结果,达到10个,说明大家都爽完了,可以进行后续的事情了,这个想法虽然土鳖,但是基本上跟语言无关,几乎所有主流编程语言都支持。
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package
yjmyzz.test;
public
class
ThreadLockTest {
public
static
int
flag =
0
;
//公用变量
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
Exception {
ThreadLockTest testObj =
new
ThreadLockTest();
final
int
threadNum =
10
;
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < threadNum; i++) {
new
Thread(
new
MyRunable(i, testObj)).start();
}
while
(
true
) {
if
(testObj.flag >= threadNum) {
System.out.println(
"-----------\n所有thread执行完成!"
);
break
;
}
Thread.sleep(
10
);
}
}
static
class
MyRunable
implements
Runnable {
int
_i =
0
;
ThreadLockTest _test;
public
MyRunable(
int
i, ThreadLockTest test) {
this
._i = i;
this
._test = test;
}
@Override
public
void
run() {
try
{
Thread.sleep((
long
) (Math.random() *
10
));
System.out.println(
"thread "
+ _i +
" done"
);
//利用synchronized获得同步锁
synchronized
(_test) {
_test.flag +=
1
;
}
System.out.println(
"thread "
+ _i +
" => "
+ _test.flag);
//测试用
}
catch
(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
|
输出结果:
thread 0 done
thread 0 => 1
thread 9 done
thread 9 => 2
thread 1 done
thread 1 => 3
thread 3 done
thread 3 => 4
thread 7 done
thread 7 => 5
thread 6 done
thread 6 => 6
thread 2 done
thread 2 => 7
thread 4 done
thread 4 => 8
thread 8 done
thread 8 => 9
thread 5 done
thread 5 => 10
-----------
所有thread执行完成!
除了这个方法,还可以借助FutureTask,达到类似的效果,其get方法会阻塞线程,等到该异步处理完成。缺点就是,FutureTask调用的是Callable,必须要有返回值,所以就算你不想要返回值,也得返回点啥
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package
yjmyzz.test;
import
java.util.concurrent.Callable;
import
java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;
import
java.util.concurrent.FutureTask;
public
class
FutureTaskTest {
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
FutureTask<String>[] tasks =
new
FutureTask[
10
];
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < tasks.length; i++) {
final
int
j = i;
tasks[i] =
new
FutureTask<String>(
new
Callable<String>() {
@Override
public
String call()
throws
Exception {
Thread.sleep((
long
) (Math.random() *
100
));
return
"task"
+ j +
" done"
;
}
});
new
Thread(tasks[i]).start();
}
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < tasks.length; i++) {
System.out.println(tasks[i].get());
//依次等待所有task执行完毕
}
System.out.println(
"-----------\n所有task执行完成!"
);
}
}
|
执行结果:
task0 done
task1 done
task2 done
task3 done
task4 done
task5 done
task6 done
task7 done
task8 done
task9 done
-----------
所有task执行完成!
此外,Thread的Join方法也可以实现类似的效果,主要代码如下:
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public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
Exception {
final
int
threadNum =
10
;
Thread[] threads =
new
Thread[threadNum];
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < threadNum; i++) {
threads[i] =
new
Thread(
new
MyRunable(i));
threads[i].start();
}
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < threadNum; i++) {
threads[i].join();
}
System.out.println(
"-----------\n所有thread执行完成!"
);
}
|
当然,这个需求最“正统”的解法应该是使用CyclicBarrier,它可以设置一个所谓的“屏障点”(或称集合点),好比在一项团队活动中,每个人都是一个线程,但是规定某一项任务开始前,所有人必须先到达集合点,集合完成后,才能继续后面的任务。
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package
yjmyzz.test;
import
java.util.concurrent.CyclicBarrier;
public
class
ThreadTest {
public
static
void
main(String[] args)
throws
Exception {
final
int
threadNum =
10
;
CyclicBarrier cb =
new
CyclicBarrier(threadNum +
1
);
//注意:10个子线程 + 1个主线程
for
(
int
i =
0
; i < threadNum; i++) {
new
Thread(
new
MyRunable(cb, i)).start();
}
cb.await();
System.out.println(
"-----------\n所有thread执行完成!"
);
}
static
class
MyRunable
implements
Runnable {
CyclicBarrier _cb;
int
_i =
0
;
public
MyRunable(CyclicBarrier cb,
int
i) {
this
._cb = cb;
this
._i = i;
}
@Override
public
void
run() {
try
{
Thread.sleep((
long
) (Math.random() *
100
));
System.out.println(
"thread "
+ _i +
" done,正在等候其它线程完成..."
);
_cb.await();
}
catch
(Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
|
thread 9 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 5 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 0 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 6 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 4 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 2 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 3 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 8 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 7 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
thread 1 done,正在等候其它线程完成...
-----------
所有thread执行完成!
参考文章:
http://ifeve.com/concurrency-cyclicbarrier/
http://ifeve.com/thread-synchronization-utilities-5/
http://ifeve.com/semaphore-countdownlatch-cyclicbarrier-phaser-exchanger-in-java/