1、切片的创建
示例:
package main //必须有个main包 import "fmt" func main() { //切片和数组的区别 //数组[]里面的长度时固定的一个常量, 数组不能修改长度, len和cap永远都是5 a := [5]int{} fmt.Printf("len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(a), cap(a)) //切片, []里面为空,或者为...,切片的长度或容量可以不固定 s := []int{} fmt.Printf("1: len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(s), cap(s)) s = append(s, 11) //给切片末尾追加一个成员 fmt.Printf("append: len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(s), cap(s)) }
执行结果:
len = 5, cap = 5 1: len = 0, cap = 0 append: len = 1, cap = 1
2、切片的截取
切片语法:
操作 | 含义 |
s[n] | 切片s中索引位置为n的项 |
s[:] | 从切片s的索引位置0到len(s)-1处所获得的切片 |
s[low:] | 从切片s的索引位置low到len(s)-1处所获得的切片 |
s[:high] | 从切片s的索引位置0到high处所获得的切片,len=high |
s[low:high] | 从切片s的索引位置low到high处所获得的切片,len=high-low |
s[low:high:max] | 从切片s的索引位置low到high处所获得的切片,len=high-low,cap=max-low |
len(s) | 切片s的长度,总是<=cap(s) |
cap(s) | 切片s的容量,总是>=len(s) |
示例:
package main //必须有个main包
import "fmt"
func main() {
array := []int{0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
//[low:high:max] 取下标从low开始的元素, len=high-low, cap=max-low
s1 := array[:] //[0:len(array):len(array)] 不指定容量和长度一样
fmt.Println("s1 = ", s1)
fmt.Printf("len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(s1), cap(s1))
//操作某个元素,和数组操作方式一样
data := array[1]
fmt.Println("data = ", data)
s2 := array[3:6:7] //a[3], a[4], a[5] len = 6-3=3 cap = 7-3=4
fmt.Println("s2 = ", s2)
fmt.Printf("len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(s2), cap(s2))
s3 := array[:6] //从0开始,去6个元素,容量也是6, 常用
fmt.Println("s3 = ", s3)
fmt.Printf("len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(s3), cap(s3))
s4 := array[3:] //从下标为3开始,到结尾
fmt.Println("s4 = ", s4) //[3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
fmt.Printf("len = %d, cap = %d\n", len(s4), cap(s4))
}
执行结果:
s1 = [0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
len = 10, cap = 10
data = 1
s2 = [3 4 5]
len = 3, cap = 4
s3 = [0 1 2 3 4 5]
len = 6, cap = 10
s4 = [3 4 5 6 7 8 9]
len = 7, cap = 7