如何为窗体应用程序显示控制台
周银辉
由于某种特殊需求（⊙﹏⊙），需要将窗体应用程序的控制台输出显示出来，其实是为了显示Console.Write()信息以便调试哈（VS的output窗口是可以显示的，但是，实际情况是，脱离了VS的, 远程调试？forget it！反正是脱离了啦）
发现，其实win32 是提供了“为进程分配控制台”这样的方法的，这就是：
///
<summary>
/// Allocates a new console for the calling process
/// </summary>
/// <returns> If the function succeeds, return true </returns>
[DllImport( " kernel32 " )]
static extern bool AllocConsole();
/// Allocates a new console for the calling process
/// </summary>
/// <returns> If the function succeeds, return true </returns>
[DllImport( " kernel32 " )]
static extern bool AllocConsole();
调用该方法的进程的标准输入流和输出流都将默认地与这个方法创建的控制台关联起来，也就是说调用Console.xxx()方法都将是针对这个控制台了。
OK，简单地包装一下：
public
class
ConsoleWindow2
{
public static IntPtr CreateConsole()
{
var console = new ConsoleWindow2();
return console.Hwnd;
}
public IntPtr Hwnd { get ; private set ; }
public ConsoleWindow2()
{
Initialize();
}
public void Initialize()
{
Hwnd = GetConsoleWindow();
// Console app
if (Hwnd != IntPtr.Zero)
{
return ;
}
// Windows app
AllocConsole();
Hwnd = GetConsoleWindow();
}
#region Win32
[DllImport( " kernel32 " )]
static extern IntPtr GetConsoleWindow();
[DllImport( " kernel32 " )]
static extern bool AllocConsole();
#endregion
}
{
public static IntPtr CreateConsole()
{
var console = new ConsoleWindow2();
return console.Hwnd;
}
public IntPtr Hwnd { get ; private set ; }
public ConsoleWindow2()
{
Initialize();
}
public void Initialize()
{
Hwnd = GetConsoleWindow();
// Console app
if (Hwnd != IntPtr.Zero)
{
return ;
}
// Windows app
AllocConsole();
Hwnd = GetConsoleWindow();
}
#region Win32
[DllImport( " kernel32 " )]
static extern IntPtr GetConsoleWindow();
[DllImport( " kernel32 " )]
static extern bool AllocConsole();
#endregion
}
试验一下：
如果需要更多的控制，可以参考下面这些和控制台相关的API：
some APIs about console
#region Windows API
/// <summary>
/// Flashes the specified window. It does not change the active state of the window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="info">A pointer to a FLASHWINFO structure.</param>
/// <remarks>
/// Typically, you flash a window to inform the user that the window requires attention,
/// but does not currently have the keyboard focus.
/// When a window flashes, it appears to change from inactive to active status.
/// An inactive caption bar changes to an active caption bar;
/// an active caption bar changes to an inactive caption bar.
/// </remarks>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern void FlashWindowEx(ref FlashWInfo info);
/// <summary>
/// lays a waveform sound. The waveform sound for each sound type is identified by an entry in the registry.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="type">ref http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms680356(VS.85).aspx</param>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern void MessageBeep(int type);
/// <summary>
/// The SetWindowLong function changes an attribute of the specified window
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">Handle to the window and, indirectly, the class to which the window belongs.</param>
/// <param name="nIndex">
/// Specifies the zero-based offset to the value to be set.
/// Valid values are in the range zero through the number of bytes of extra window memory,
/// minus the size of an integer. To set any other value, specify one of the following values.
/// ref : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633591(VS.85).aspx</param>
/// <param name="newValue">Specifies the replacement value</param>
/// <returns>
/// If the function succeeds, the return value is the previous value of the specified 32-bit integer.
/// If the function fails, the return value is zero
/// </returns>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern int SetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex, int newValue);
/// <summary>
/// The GetWindowLong function retrieves information about the specified window
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd">Handle to the window and, indirectly, the class to which the window belongs.</param>
/// <param name="nIndex">
/// Specifies the zero-based offset to the value to be set.
/// Valid values are in the range zero through the number of bytes of extra window memory,
/// minus the size of an integer. To set any other value, specify one of the following values.
/// ref : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633591(VS.85).aspx</param>
/// <param name="newValue">Specifies the replacement value</param>
/// <returns>
/// If the function succeeds, the return value is the requested 32-bit value.
/// If the function fails, the return value is zero.
///</returns>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern int GetWindowLong(IntPtr hWnd, int nIndex);
/// <summary>
/// Allocates a new console for the calling process
/// </summary>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, return true</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool AllocConsole();
/// <summary>
/// Detaches the calling process from its console.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, return true.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool FreeConsole();
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves information about the specified console screen buffer
/// </summary>
/// <param name="consoleOutput">
/// A handle to the console screen buffer.
/// The handle must have the GENERIC_READ access right.
/// For more information, see Console Buffer Security and Access Rights.</param>
/// <param name="info">A pointer to a CONSOLE_SCREEN_BUFFER_INFO structure that receives the console screen buffer information</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, return true.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool GetConsoleScreenBufferInfo(IntPtr consoleOutput, out ConsoleScreenBufferInfo info);
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the title for the current console window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="text">
/// (out) A pointer to a buffer that receives a null-terminated string containing the title.
/// The total size of the buffer required will be less than 64K.
/// </param>
/// <param name="size">The size of the buffer pointed to by the lpConsoleTitle parameter, in characters.</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, return true</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool GetConsoleTitle(StringBuilder text, int size);
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the window handle used by the console associated with the calling process.
/// more info : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms683175(VS.85).aspx
/// </summary>
/// <returns>the window handle used by the console associated with the calling process.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern IntPtr GetConsoleWindow();
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves a handle to the specified standard device (standard input, standard output, or standard error).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handle">
/// STD_INPUT_HANDLE, (DWORD)-10
/// The standard input device. Initially, this is the console input buffer, CONIN$.
/// STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE, (DWORD)-11
/// The standard output device. Initially, this is the active console screen buffer, CONOUT$.
/// STD_ERROR_HANDLE, (DWORD)-12
/// The standard error device. Initially, this is the active console screen buffer, CONOUT$.
/// </param>
/// <returns>The handle to the specified standard device </returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern IntPtr GetStdHandle(int handle);
/// <summary>
/// Sets the cursor position in the specified console screen buffer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer">A handle to the console screen buffer.</param>
/// <param name="position">
/// A COORD structure that specifies the new cursor position, in characters.
/// The coordinates are the column and row of a screen buffer character cell.
/// The coordinates must be within the boundaries of the console screen buffer.
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.
/// If the function fails, the return value is zero.
///</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern int SetConsoleCursorPosition(IntPtr buffer, Coord position);
/// <summary>
/// Writes a character to the console screen buffer a specified number of times,
/// beginning at the specified coordinates.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="buffer">
/// A handle to the console screen buffer.
/// The handle must have the GENERIC_WRITE access right</param>
/// <param name="character">The character to be written to the console screen buffer</param>
/// <param name="length">The number of character cells to which the character should be written.</param>
/// <param name="position">A COORD structure that specifies the character coordinates of the first cell to which the character is to be written</param>
/// <param name="written">A pointer to a variable that receives the number of characters actually written to the console screen buffer</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern int FillConsoleOutputCharacter(IntPtr buffer, char character, int length, Coord position, out int written);
/// <summary>
/// Sets the attributes of characters written to the console screen buffer by the WriteFile or WriteConsole function,
/// or echoed by the ReadFile or ReadConsole function.
/// This function affects text written after the function call.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hConsoleOutput">A handle to the console screen buffer. The handle must have the GENERIC_READ access right</param>
/// <param name="wAttributes">The character attributes.</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is True.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool SetConsoleTextAttribute(IntPtr hConsoleOutput, ConsoleColor wAttributes);
/// <summary>
/// Sets the title for the current console window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="lpConsoleTitle">The string to be displayed in the title bar of the console window. The total size must be less than 64K</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is True.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool SetConsoleTitle(string lpConsoleTitle);
/// <summary>
/// Adds or removes an application-defined HandlerRoutine function from the list of handler functions for the calling process.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="routine"></param>
/// <param name="add">
/// If this parameter is TRUE, the handler is added; if it is FALSE, the handler is removed.
/// If the HandlerRoutine parameter is NULL,
/// a TRUE value causes the calling process to ignore CTRL+C input,
/// and a FALSE value restores normal processing of CTRL+C input.
/// This attribute of ignoring or processing CTRL+C is inherited by child processes.
/// </param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is nonzero.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool SetConsoleCtrlHandler(HandlerRoutine routine, bool add);
/// <summary>
/// The ShowWindow function sets the specified window's show state.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">Handle to the window</param>
/// <param name="nCmdShow">
/// Specifies how the window is to be shown.
/// This parameter is ignored the first time an application calls ShowWindow,
/// if the program that launched the application provides a STARTUPINFO structure.
/// Otherwise, the first time ShowWindow is called,
/// the value should be the value obtained by the WinMain function in its nCmdShow parameter.
/// In subsequent calls, this parameter can be one of the following values.
/// ref http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms633548(VS.85).aspx</param>
/// <returns>If the window was previously visible, the return value is True</returns>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern bool ShowWindow(IntPtr hwnd, int nCmdShow);
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the visibility state of the specified window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">Handle to the window to test</param>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern bool IsWindowVisible(IntPtr hwnd);
/// <summary>
/// Creates a console screen buffer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="access">The access to the console screen buffer.</param>
/// <param name="share">
/// This parameter can be zero, indicating that the buffer cannot be shared,
/// or it can be one or more of the following values.
/// </param>
/// <param name="security">
/// A pointer to a SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES structure that determines whether the returned handle can be inherited by child processes.
/// If lpSecurityAttributes is NULL, the handle cannot be inherited.
/// The lpSecurityDescriptor member of the structure specifies a security descriptor for the new console screen buffer.
/// If lpSecurityAttributes is NULL, the console screen buffer gets a default security descriptor.
/// The ACLs in the default security descriptor for a console screen buffer come from the primary or impersonation token of the creator.
/// </param>
/// <param name="flags">The type of console screen buffer to create. The only supported screen buffer type is CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER</param>
/// <param name="reserved">Reserved; should be NULL.</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is a handle to the new console screen buffer.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern IntPtr CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(int access, int share, IntPtr security, int flags, IntPtr reserved);
/// <summary>
/// Sets the specified screen buffer to be the currently displayed console screen buffer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handle">A handle to the console screen buffer.</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is True.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(IntPtr handle);
/// <summary>
/// Writes a character string to a console screen buffer beginning at the current cursor location.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handle">A handle to the console screen buffer. The handle must have the GENERIC_WRITE access right</param>
/// <param name="s">A pointer to a buffer that contains characters to be written to the console screen buffer.</param>
/// <param name="length">
/// The number of TCHARs to write.
/// If the total size of the specified number of characters exceeds 64 KB,
/// the function fails with ERROR_NOT_ENOUGH_MEMORY.</param>
/// <param name="written">A pointer to a variable that receives the number of TCHARs actually written.</param>
/// <param name="reserved">Reserved; must be NULL.</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is True.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool WriteConsole(IntPtr handle, string s, int length, out int written, IntPtr reserved);
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the input code page used by the console associated with the calling process.
/// A console uses its input code page to translate keyboard input into the corresponding character value.
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// The return value is a code that identifies the code page.
/// </returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern int GetConsoleCP();
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the output code page used by the console associated with the calling process.
/// A console uses its output code page to translate the character values written by the various output functions into the images displayed in the console window
/// </summary>
/// <returns>The return value is a code that identifies the code page</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern int GetConsoleOutputCP();
/// <summary>
/// Retrieves the current input mode of a console's input buffer
/// or the current output mode of a console screen buffer.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handle">
/// A handle to the console input buffer or the console screen buffer.
/// The handle must have the GENERIC_READ access right
/// </param>
/// <param name="flags">
/// A pointer to a variable that receives the current mode of the specified buffer.
/// ref : http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms683167(VS.85).aspx
/// </param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is True.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool GetConsoleMode(IntPtr handle, out int flags);
/// <summary>
/// Sets the handle for the specified standard device
/// (standard input, standard output, or standard error).
/// </summary>
/// <param name="handle1">T
/// he standard device for which the handle is to be set
/// (STD_INPUT_HANDLE,STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE,STD_ERROR_HANDLE)
/// </param>
/// <param name="handle2">The handle for the standard device.</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is True.</returns>
[DllImport("kernel32")]
static extern bool SetStdHandle(int handle1, IntPtr handle2);
/// <summary>
/// The SetParent function changes the parent window of the specified child window.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">Handle to the child window.</param>
/// <param name="hwnd2">
/// Handle to the new parent window.
/// If this parameter is NULL, the desktop window becomes the new parent window
/// </param>
/// <returns>
/// If the function succeeds, the return value is a handle to the previous parent window.
/// If the function fails, the return value is NULL.
/// </returns>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern IntPtr SetParent(IntPtr hwnd, IntPtr hwnd2);
/// <summary>
/// The GetParent function retrieves a handle to the specified window's parent or owner.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hwnd">Handle to the window whose parent window handle is to be retrieved</param>
/// <returns>
/// If the window is a child window, the return value is a handle to the parent window.
/// If the window is a top-level window, the return value is a handle to the owner window.
/// If the window is a top-level unowned window or if the function fails, the return value is NULL
/// </returns>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern IntPtr GetParent(IntPtr hwnd);
/// <summary>
/// Changes the size, position, and Z order of a child, pop-up, or top-level window.
/// These windows are ordered according to their appearance on the screen.
/// The topmost window receives the highest rank and is the first window in the Z order
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hWnd"> A handle to the window.</param>
/// <param name="hWndInsertAfter">
/// A handle to the window to precede the positioned window in the Z order.
/// This parameter must be a window handle or one of the following values:
/// HWND_BOTTOM, HWND_NOTOPMOST,HWND_TOP,HWND_TOPMOST
/// </param>
/// <param name="x">Specifies the new position of the left side of the window, in client coordinates.</param>
/// <param name="y">Specifies the new position of the top of the window, in client coordinates.</param>
/// <param name="cx">Specifies the new width of the window, in pixels.</param>
/// <param name="cy">Specifies the new height of the window, in pixels.</param>
/// <param name="flags">
/// Specifies the window sizing and positioning flags.
/// This parameter can be a combination of the following values:
/// SWP_ASYNCWINDOWPOS,SWP_DEFERERASE,SWP_DRAWFRAME,SWP_FRAMECHANGED,
/// SWP_HIDEWINDOW,SWP_NOACTIVATE,SWP_NOCOPYBITS,SWP_NOMOVE,
/// SWP_NOOWNERZORDER,SWP_NOREDRAW,SWP_NOREPOSITION,SWP_NOSENDCHANGING,
/// SWP_NOSIZE,SWP_NOZORDER,SWP_SHOWWINDOW
/// </param>
/// <returns></returns>
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern bool SetWindowPos(IntPtr hWnd, IntPtr hWndInsertAfter,
int x, int y, int cx, int cy, int flags);
[DllImport("user32")]
static extern bool GetClientRect(IntPtr hWnd, ref RECT rect);
#endregion
#region Constants
//about WS_XXX, ref： http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/czada357(VS.80).aspx
const int WS_POPUP = unchecked((int)0x80000000);
const int WS_OVERLAPPED = 0x0;
const int WS_CHILD = 0x40000000;
const int WS_MINIMIZE = 0x20000000;
const int WS_VISIBLE = 0x10000000;
const int WS_DISABLED = 0x8000000;
const int WS_CLIPSIBLINGS = 0x4000000;
const int WS_CLIPCHILDREN = 0x2000000;
const int WS_MAXIMIZE = 0x1000000;
/// <summary>
/// Creates a window that has a title bar (implies the WS_BORDER style)
/// </summary>
const int WS_CAPTION = 0xC00000; // WS_BORDER | WS_DLGFRAME
const int WS_BORDER = 0x800000;
const int WS_DLGFRAME = 0x400000;
const int WS_VSCROLL = 0x200000;
const int WS_HSCROLL = 0x100000;
const int WS_SYSMENU = 0x80000;
const int WS_THICKFRAME = 0x40000;
const int WS_GROUP = 0x20000;
const int WS_TABSTOP = 0x10000;
const int WS_MINIMIZEBOX = 0x20000;
const int WS_MAXIMIZEBOX = 0x10000;
const int WS_TILED = WS_OVERLAPPED;
const int WS_ICONIC = WS_MINIMIZE;
const int WS_SIZEBOX = WS_THICKFRAME;
const int WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW = (WS_OVERLAPPED | WS_CAPTION | WS_SYSMENU | WS_THICKFRAME | WS_MINIMIZEBOX | WS_MAXIMIZEBOX);
const int WS_TILEDWINDOW = WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW;
const int GWL_STYLE = (-16);
const int SW_HIDE = 0;
const int SW_SHOWNORMAL = 1;
const int SW_NORMAL = 1;
const int SW_SHOWMINIMIZED = 2;
const int SW_SHOWMAXIMIZED = 3;
const int SW_MAXIMIZE = 3;
const int SW_SHOWNOACTIVATE = 4;
const int SW_SHOW = 5;
const int SW_MINIMIZE = 6;
const int SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE = 7;
const int SW_SHOWNA = 8;
const int SW_RESTORE = 9;
const int SW_SHOWDEFAULT = 10;
const int SW_MAX = 10;
const int EMPTY = 32;
const int CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER = 1;
/// <summary>
/// Stop flashing. The system restores the window to its original state.
/// </summary>
const int FLASHW_STOP = 0;
/// <summary>
/// Flash the window caption.
/// </summary>
const int FLASHW_CAPTION = 1;
/// <summary>
/// Flash the taskbar button.
/// </summary>
const int FLASHW_TRAY = 2;
/// <summary>
/// Flash both the window caption and taskbar button.
/// This is equivalent to setting the FLASHW_CAPTION | FLASHW_TRAY flags.
/// </summary>
const int FLASHW_ALL = 3;
/// <summary>
/// Flash continuously, until the FLASHW_STOP flag is set.
/// </summary>
const int FLASHW_TIMER = 4;
/// <summary>
/// Flash continuously until the window comes to the foreground.
/// </summary>
const int FLASHW_TIMERNOFG = 0xc;
const int DefaultConsoleBufferSize = 256;
const int FOREGROUND_BLUE = 0x1;
const int FOREGROUND_GREEN = 0x2;
const int FOREGROUND_RED = 0x4;
const int FOREGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x8;
const int BACKGROUND_BLUE = 0x10;
const int BACKGROUND_GREEN = 0x20;
const int BACKGROUND_RED = 0x40;
const int BACKGROUND_INTENSITY = 0x80;
const int COMMON_LVB_REVERSE_VIDEO = 0x4000;
const int COMMON_LVB_UNDERSCORE = 0x8000;
/// <summary>
/// Requests read access to the console screen buffer,
/// enabling the process to read data from the buffer.
/// </summary>
const int GENERIC_READ = unchecked((int)0x80000000);
/// <summary>
/// Requests write access to the console screen buffer,
/// enabling the process to write data to the buffer.
/// </summary>
const int GENERIC_WRITE = 0x40000000;
/// <summary>
/// Other open operations can be performed on the console screen buffer for read access.
/// </summary>
const int FILE_SHARE_READ = 0x1;
/// <summary>
/// Other open operations can be performed on the console screen buffer for write access.
/// </summary>
const int FILE_SHARE_WRITE = 0x2;
/// <summary>
/// The standard input device. Initially, this is the console input buffer
/// </summary>
const int STD_INPUT_HANDLE = -10;
/// <summary>
/// The standard output device. Initially, this is the active console screen buffer
/// </summary>
const int STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = -11;
/// <summary>
/// The standard error device. Initially, this is the active console screen buffer
/// </summary>
const int STD_ERROR_HANDLE = -12;
/// <summary>
/// Retains the current size (ignores the cx and cy parameters).
/// </summary>
const int SWP_NOSIZE = 0x1;
/// <summary>
/// Retains the current position (ignores X and Y parameters).
/// </summary>
const int SWP_NOMOVE = 0x2;
/// <summary>
/// Retains the current Z order (ignores the hWndInsertAfter parameter).
/// </summary>
const int SWP_NOZORDER = 0x4;
/// <summary>
/// Does not redraw changes.
/// If this flag is set, no repainting of any kind occurs.
/// This applies to the client area,
/// the nonclient area (including the title bar and scroll bars),
/// and any part of the parent window uncovered as a result of the window being moved.
/// When this flag is set,
/// the application must explicitly invalidate or redraw any parts of the window and parent window that need redrawing.
/// </summary>
const int SWP_NOREDRAW = 0x8;
/// <summary>
/// Does not activate the window.
/// If this flag is not set, the window is activated and moved to the top of either the topmost or non-topmost group
/// (depending on the setting of the hWndInsertAfter parameter).
/// </summary>
const int SWP_NOACTIVATE = 0x10;
#endregion
还是简单地声明一下：
博文中的内容可能是一个小技巧，但绝非特定问题的解决方案，所以不要太在意其是否有意义或用途，或许对于不同的人不同的场景有着不同的意义或用途。
还是那句话：仅供参考 :)
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