这段时间在学习ajax,前今天给公司同事讲解了一下基本原理,也随便放在网上给大家参考一下。
我认为ajax简单的讲就是客户端通过javascript脚本获取服务器端的文本,通过解析返回值,更新部分的网页内容。
下面结合一个获取QQ天气预报网页,并且对返回值进行处理的例子进行一下讲解。
行数:解释。
14:点击按钮开始获取。
29:显示右上角的“正在加载...”的小区域(仿造gmail)。
30:创建XMLHTTP,IE的方式,其它的浏览器创建方式不同。
31:XMLHTTP状态发生变化时调用的回调函数,实现异步调用。
32:指定调用的URL。
33:开始调用(可以发送一段XML到服务器端,例子可以查看:用javascript通过MetaWeblog获取Blog )。
37:xmlhttp的状态:1 装备阶段、2 发送、3 接收、4 所有数据接收完成。
40:隐藏右上角提示。
41:服务器返回的状态:200 正常返回。 404 网页不存在 等。
45:以HTML格式显示获得的网页。
46:以文本方式显示获得网页源代码。
49-53:截取部分网页显示。
58-60:没有正常获取网页的提示。
----------------------
代码下载:weather.zip
1
<
HTML
>
2
<
HEAD
>
3
<
TITLE
>
天气预报
</
TITLE
>
4
<
META
NAME
="Author"
CONTENT
="http://pharaoh.cnblogs.com"
>
5
</
HEAD
>
6
<
BODY
>
7
<!--
8
XMLHTTP 说明
9
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/xmlsdk/html/7924f6be-c035-411f-acd2-79de7a711b38.asp
10
-->
11
<
div
id
=load
style
="display:none; position:absolute;right:0px;top:0px;background:#FF5B5B;border:1px solid"
>
正在加载
</
div
>
12![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
13
<
input
id
=wurl
style
="width:500px"
value
="http://appnews.qq.com/cgi-bin/news_qq_search?city=重庆"
>
14
<
button
onclick
="GetWeather();"
>
加载
</
button
>
15![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
16
<
hr
/>
17
<
div
id
=city
>
片断
</
div
>
18
<
hr
/>
19
<
center
><
div
id
="wuhan_weather"
>
数据区域
</
div
></
center
>
20
<
hr
/>
21
<
div
id
=stext
>
代码区
</
div
>
22![None.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/None.gif)
23![ExpandedBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockStart.gif)
<
script
language
="javascript"
>
24![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
25
var xmlhttp ;
26
function GetWeather()
27![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
{
28
window.status = '';
29
document.all("load").style.display='';
30
xmlhttp = new ActiveXObject("Msxml2.XMLHTTP");
31
xmlhttp.onreadystatechange = getReady;
32
xmlhttp.Open("GET",document.getElementById('wurl').value,true);
33
xmlhttp.Send(null);
34
}
35
function getReady()
36![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
![ContractedSubBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ContractedSubBlock.gif)
{
37
window.status += xmlhttp.readyState+' ';
38
if(xmlhttp.readyState == 4)
39![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
{
40
document.all("load").style.display='none';
41
if(xmlhttp.status == 200)
42![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
{
43
var xmlReturn = xmlhttp.responseText;
44![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
45
document.all("wuhan_weather").innerHTML=xmlReturn;
46
document.all("stext").innerText=xmlReturn;
47
48
49
var newText = xmlReturn.replace(/\n+/g,' ');
50
//document.all("stext").innerText=newText;
51
var re = /<table .+?table>/ig;
52
var cityText = newText.match(re);
53
document.all("city").innerHTML=cityText[2];
54![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
55
}
56
else
57![ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedSubBlockStart.gif)
{
58
document.all("wuhan_weather").innerHTML="<b>出现错误:</b><br />"+new Date()+"<br />"+xmlhttp.statusText+"<br />"+xmlhttp.status;
59
document.all("stext").innerHTML="代码区";
60
document.all("city").innerHTML="片断";
61
62
}
63
xmlhttp = null;
64
}
65![InBlock.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/InBlock.gif)
66
}
67![ExpandedBlockEnd.gif](/Images/OutliningIndicators/ExpandedBlockEnd.gif)
68
</
script
>
69
</
BODY
>
70
</
HTML
>
71
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