字符串（str）：
创建字符串示例：name_str = “hello world”
基本操作：
- 移除空白
- 分割
- 长度
- 索引
- 切片
class str(basestring): """ str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object. If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object. """ def capitalize(self): """ 首字母变大写 """ """ S.capitalize() -> string Return a copy of the string S with only its first character capitalized. """ return "" def center(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容居中，width：总长度；fillchar：空白处填充内容，默认无 """ """ S.center(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S centered in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def count(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列个数 """ """ S.count(sub[, start[, end]]) -> int Return the number of non-overlapping occurrences of substring sub in string S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. """ return 0 def decode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 解码 """ """ S.decode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Decodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeDecodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore' and 'replace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeDecodeErrors. """ return object() def encode(self, encoding=None, errors=None): """ 编码，针对unicode """ """ S.encode([encoding[,errors]]) -> object Encodes S using the codec registered for encoding. encoding defaults to the default encoding. errors may be given to set a different error handling scheme. Default is 'strict' meaning that encoding errors raise a UnicodeEncodeError. Other possible values are 'ignore', 'replace' and 'xmlcharrefreplace' as well as any other name registered with codecs.register_error that is able to handle UnicodeEncodeErrors. """ return object() def endswith(self, suffix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否以 xxx 结束 """ """ S.endswith(suffix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S ends with the specified suffix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. suffix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def expandtabs(self, tabsize=None): """ 将tab转换成空格，默认一个tab转换成8个空格 """ """ S.expandtabs([tabsize]) -> string Return a copy of S where all tab characters are expanded using spaces. If tabsize is not given, a tab size of 8 characters is assumed. """ return "" def find(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 寻找子序列位置，如果没找到，返回 -1 """ """ S.find(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the lowest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def format(*args, **kwargs): # known special case of str.format """ 字符串格式化，动态参数，将函数式编程时细说 """ """ S.format(*args, **kwargs) -> string Return a formatted version of S, using substitutions from args and kwargs. The substitutions are identified by braces ('{' and '}'). """ pass def index(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ 子序列位置，如果没找到，报错 """ S.index(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.find() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def isalnum(self): """ 是否是字母和数字 """ """ S.isalnum() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphanumeric and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isalpha(self): """ 是否是字母 """ """ S.isalpha() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are alphabetic and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isdigit(self): """ 是否是数字 """ """ S.isdigit() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are digits and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def islower(self): """ 是否小写 """ """ S.islower() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are lowercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def isspace(self): """ S.isspace() -> bool Return True if all characters in S are whitespace and there is at least one character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def istitle(self): """ S.istitle() -> bool Return True if S is a titlecased string and there is at least one character in S, i.e. uppercase characters may only follow uncased characters and lowercase characters only cased ones. Return False otherwise. """ return False def isupper(self): """ S.isupper() -> bool Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is at least one cased character in S, False otherwise. """ return False def join(self, iterable): """ 连接 """ """ S.join(iterable) -> string Return a string which is the concatenation of the strings in the iterable. The separator between elements is S. """ return "" def ljust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ 内容左对齐，右侧填充 """ """ S.ljust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S left-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space). """ return "" def lower(self): """ 变小写 """ """ S.lower() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to lowercase. """ return "" def lstrip(self, chars=None): """ 移除左侧空白 """ """ S.lstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def partition(self, sep): """ 分割，前，中，后三部分 """ """ S.partition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return S and two empty strings. """ pass def replace(self, old, new, count=None): """ 替换 """ """ S.replace(old, new[, count]) -> string Return a copy of string S with all occurrences of substring old replaced by new. If the optional argument count is given, only the first count occurrences are replaced. """ return "" def rfind(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rfind(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Return the highest index in S where substring sub is found, such that sub is contained within S[start:end]. Optional arguments start and end are interpreted as in slice notation. Return -1 on failure. """ return 0 def rindex(self, sub, start=None, end=None): """ S.rindex(sub [,start [,end]]) -> int Like S.rfind() but raise ValueError when the substring is not found. """ return 0 def rjust(self, width, fillchar=None): """ S.rjust(width[, fillchar]) -> string Return S right-justified in a string of length width. Padding is done using the specified fill character (default is a space) """ return "" def rpartition(self, sep): """ S.rpartition(sep) -> (head, sep, tail) Search for the separator sep in S, starting at the end of S, and return the part before it, the separator itself, and the part after it. If the separator is not found, return two empty strings and S. """ pass def rsplit(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ S.rsplit([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the delimiter string, starting at the end of the string and working to the front. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator. """ return [] def rstrip(self, chars=None): """ S.rstrip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def split(self, sep=None, maxsplit=None): """ 分割， maxsplit最多分割几次 """ """ S.split([sep [,maxsplit]]) -> list of strings Return a list of the words in the string S, using sep as the delimiter string. If maxsplit is given, at most maxsplit splits are done. If sep is not specified or is None, any whitespace string is a separator and empty strings are removed from the result. """ return [] def splitlines(self, keepends=False): """ 根据换行分割 """ """ S.splitlines(keepends=False) -> list of strings Return a list of the lines in S, breaking at line boundaries. Line breaks are not included in the resulting list unless keepends is given and true. """ return [] def startswith(self, prefix, start=None, end=None): """ 是否起始 """ """ S.startswith(prefix[, start[, end]]) -> bool Return True if S starts with the specified prefix, False otherwise. With optional start, test S beginning at that position. With optional end, stop comparing S at that position. prefix can also be a tuple of strings to try. """ return False def strip(self, chars=None): """ 移除两段空白 """ """ S.strip([chars]) -> string or unicode Return a copy of the string S with leading and trailing whitespace removed. If chars is given and not None, remove characters in chars instead. If chars is unicode, S will be converted to unicode before stripping """ return "" def swapcase(self): """ 大写变小写，小写变大写 """ """ S.swapcase() -> string Return a copy of the string S with uppercase characters converted to lowercase and vice versa. """ return "" def title(self): """ S.title() -> string Return a titlecased version of S, i.e. words start with uppercase characters, all remaining cased characters have lowercase. """ return "" def translate(self, table, deletechars=None): """ 转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合 intab = "aeiou" outtab = "12345" trantab = maketrans(intab, outtab) str = "this is string example....wow!!!" print str.translate(trantab, 'xm') """ """ S.translate(table [,deletechars]) -> string Return a copy of the string S, where all characters occurring in the optional argument deletechars are removed, and the remaining characters have been mapped through the given translation table, which must be a string of length 256 or None. If the table argument is None, no translation is applied and the operation simply removes the characters in deletechars. """ return "" def upper(self): """ S.upper() -> string Return a copy of the string S converted to uppercase. """ return "" def zfill(self, width): """方法返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。""" """ S.zfill(width) -> string Pad a numeric string S with zeros on the left, to fill a field of the specified width. The string S is never truncated. """ return "" def _formatter_field_name_split(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def _formatter_parser(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __add__(self, y): """ x.__add__(y) <==> x+y """ pass def __contains__(self, y): """ x.__contains__(y) <==> y in x """ pass def __eq__(self, y): """ x.__eq__(y) <==> x==y """ pass def __format__(self, format_spec): """ S.__format__(format_spec) -> string Return a formatted version of S as described by format_spec. """ return "" def __getattribute__(self, name): """ x.__getattribute__('name') <==> x.name """ pass def __getitem__(self, y): """ x.__getitem__(y) <==> x[y] """ pass def __getnewargs__(self, *args, **kwargs): # real signature unknown pass def __getslice__(self, i, j): """ x.__getslice__(i, j) <==> x[i:j] Use of negative indices is not supported. """ pass def __ge__(self, y): """ x.__ge__(y) <==> x>=y """ pass def __gt__(self, y): """ x.__gt__(y) <==> x>y """ pass def __hash__(self): """ x.__hash__() <==> hash(x) """ pass def __init__(self, string=''): # known special case of str.__init__ """ str(object='') -> string Return a nice string representation of the object. If the argument is a string, the return value is the same object. # (copied from class doc) """ pass def __len__(self): """ x.__len__() <==> len(x) """ pass def __le__(self, y): """ x.__le__(y) <==> x<=y """ pass def __lt__(self, y): """ x.__lt__(y) <==> x<y """ pass def __mod__(self, y): """ x.__mod__(y) <==> x%y """ pass def __mul__(self, n): """ x.__mul__(n) <==> x*n """ pass @staticmethod # known case of __new__ def __new__(S, *more): """ T.__new__(S, ...) -> a new object with type S, a subtype of T """ pass def __ne__(self, y): """ x.__ne__(y) <==> x!=y """ pass def __repr__(self): """ x.__repr__() <==> repr(x) """ pass def __rmod__(self, y): """ x.__rmod__(y) <==> y%x """ pass def __rmul__(self, n): """ x.__rmul__(n) <==> n*x """ pass def __sizeof__(self): """ S.__sizeof__() -> size of S in memory, in bytes """ pass def __str__(self): """ x.__str__() <==> str(x) """ pass
常用功能：
capitalize(self) ：
说明：首字母变大写。（返回str）
center(self,width,fillchar=None)：
说明：内容居中。width：总长度。fillchar：空白处填充的内容，默认为无。（返回str）
count(self,sub,start=None,end=None)：
说明：获取子序列个数。sub：字符串子序列。star：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回int）
startswith(self,perfix,start=None,end=None)：
说明：判断是否以xxx开始。perfix：字符串开始子序列。start：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回bool）
endswith(self,suffix,start=None,end=None)：
说明：判断是否以xxx结尾。suffix：字符串结尾子序列。start：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回bool）
expandtabs(self,tabsize=8)：
说明：将tab换成空格。tabsize：默认一个tab转换成8个空格。（返回str）
find(self,sub,start=None,end=None)：
说明：从左至右获取第一个子序列位置，如果没找到返回 -1。sub：字符串子序列。start：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回int）
rfind(self,sub,start=None,end=None)：
说明：从右至左获取的哥子序列位置，如果没有找到返回-1。sub：字符串子序列。start：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回int）
format(self,*args,**kwargs)：
说明：字符串的格式化，返回一个格式化的版本，使用替换参数，替换占位符{}中的内容，从0开始。（返回str）
示例：
s = "name: {0}, age: {1}"
print(s.format("alex", 22))
返回结果：
name: alex, age: 22
index(self,sub,start=None,end=None)：（同find()，可忽略）
说明：从左至右获取子序列位置，如果没有找到，报错。sub：字符串子序列。start：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回int）
rindex(self,sub,start=None,end=None)：（同find()，可忽略）
说明：从右至左获取子序列位置，如果没有找到，报错。sub：字符串子序列。start：开始位置（从0开始），默认为无。end：结束位置，默认为无。（返回int）
isalnum(self)：
说明：判断是否是字母和数字。（返回bool）
isalpha(self)：
说明：判断是否是字母。（返回bool）
isdigit(self)：
说明：判断是否是数字。（返回bool）
islower(self)：
说明：判断是否是小写。（返回bool）
isspace(self)：
说明：判断是否是空格。（返回bool）
istitle(self)：
说明：判断是否是标题。（返回bool）
isupper(self)：
说明：判断是否是大写。（返回bool）
join(self,iterable)：
说明：连接，字符串与字符串间可以添加字符串。（返回str）
示例：
li = ["alex","eric"] s ="_".join(li) print(s) 运行结果： alex_eric
ljust(self,width,fillchar=None)：
说明：内容左对齐，右侧填充。width：总长度。fillchar：空白处填充的内容，默认为无。（返回str）
rjust(self,width,fillchar=None)：
说明：内容右对齐，左侧填充。width：总长度。fillchar：空白处填充的内容，默认为无。（返回str）
lower(self)：
说明：字符串变小写。（返回str）
upper(self)：
说明：字符串变大写。（返回str）
lstrip(self,chars=None)：
说明：移除左侧空格或字符串。chars：要移除的字符串（必须从左侧开始截取），默认为无。（返回str）
rstrip(self,chars=None)：
说明：移除右侧空格或字符串。chars：要移除的字符串（必须从右侧开始截取），默认为无。（返回str）
strip(self,chars=None)：
说明：移除两侧空格或字符串。chars：要移除的字符串（必须两侧开始截取），默认为无。（返回str）
pattition(self,sep)：
说明：从左至右分割，前，中，后三部分。sep：代表从哪个字符开始分割。（返回tuple）
示例：
s = "one two three" print(s.partition("two")) 运行结果： ('one ', 'two', ' three')
rpattition(self,sep)：
说明：从左至右分割，前，中，后三部分。sep：代表从哪个字符开始分割。（返回tuple）
replace(self,old,new,cont=None)：
说明：替换字符。old：替换前的字符。new：替换后的字符。count：替换字符序列的个数，默认为无。（返回str）
split(self,sep=None,maxsplit=-1)：
说明：从左至右分割字符，用作分割的字符将被删除。sep：用于分割的字符，默认为无。maxsplit：最多分割的次数，默认不限制。（返回list）
rsplit(self,sep=None,maxsplit=-1)：
说明：从右至左分割字符，用于分割的字符将被删除。sep：用户分割的字符，默认为无。maxsplit：最多分割的次数，默认不限制。（返回list）
splitlines(self,keepends=None)：
说明：根据换行符（'\r', '\r\n', \n'）进行分割。keepends：确认是否保留换行符，True为保留，False不保留。默认为无（不保留）（返回list）
swapcase(self)：
说明：字符大写变小写，小写变大写。（返回str）
title(self)：
说明：设置字符串为标题。（返回str）
translate(self,table)：
说明：转换，需要先做一个对应表，最后一个表示删除字符集合。（返回str）
zfill(self,width)：
说明：返回指定长度的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前面填充0。width：指定字符串长度。 （返回str）
附加：
len()：
说明：返回对象（字符、列表、元组等）长度或项目个数。
索引示例：
s = "nios" print(len(s)) print(s[0]) print(s[1]) print(s[2]) print(s[3]) 运行结果： 4 n i o s
切片示例：
s = "nios" print(s[0:2]) 运行结果： ni
while循环索引示例：
s = "nios" start = 0 while start < len(s): print(s[start]) start +=1 运行结果： n i o s
for循环索引示例（for XXX in XXX）：
s = "nios" for item in s: print(item) 运行结果： n i o s
item为变量名。
for循环+continue示例：
s = "nios" for item in s: if item =="o": continue print(item) 运行结果： n i s
for循环+break示例：
s = "nios" for item in s: if item =="o": continue print(item) 运行结果： n i
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