学习802.3协议及其标准

一、定义

首先百度802.3的定义：

IEEE 802.3 通常指以太网。一种网络协议。描述物理层和数据链路层的MAC子层的实现方法，在多种物理媒体上以多种速率采用CSMA/CD访问方式，对于快速以太网该标准说明的实现方法有所扩展。

https://baike.baidu.com/item/IEEE%20802.3/3684685?fromtitle=IEEE802.3%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86&fromid=6813217

IEEE 802.3简介

IEEE 802.3 is a working group and a collection of IEEE standards produced by the working group defining the physical layer and data link layer's media access control (MAC) of wired Ethernet. This is generally a local area network technology with some wide area network applications. Physical connections are made between nodes and/or infrastructure devices (hubs, switches, routers) by various types of copper or fiber cable. 802.3 is a technology that supports the IEEE 802.1 network architecture. 802.3 also defines LAN access method using CSMA/CD.

IEEE 802.3是一个工作组，也表示此工作组制定的一系列IEEE标准，这些标准都是物理层和数据链路层的有线以太网标准（802.11是WiFi）。一般情况下，以太网就是一个局域网络，带有广域网的一些功能应用。物理连接存在与节点之前，或者节点与网络设备之间，比如hub, switch, router. 连接形式多种多样，有各种的铜线和光纤。802.3技术支持802.1网络，同时802.3也定义了局域网的连接机制是CSMA/CD.

二、相关的标准协议

以太网标准

1	Experimental Ethernet	1973	2.94 Mbit/s (367 kB/s) over coaxial cable (coax) bus，这是最早的实验以太网。
2	Ethernet II (DIX v2.0)	1982	10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over thick coax. Frames have a Type field. This frame format is used on all forms of Ethernet by protocols in the Internet protocol suite。这个时候EthernetII报文格式基本确定。DIX Ethernet, named after DEC, Intel and Xerox。
3	IEEE 802.3 standard	1983	10BASE5 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over thick coax. Same as Ethernet II (above) except Type field is replaced by Length, and an 802.2 LLC header follows the 802.3 header. Based on the CSMA/CD Process。开始制定802.3系列标准。802.3，后面不带任何数字的，就是第一个标准。传输距离500m。
4	802.3a	1985	10BASE2 10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) over thin Coax (a.k.a. thinnet or cheapernet)。传输距离185米。
5	802.3b	1985	10BROAD36.10 Mbit/s Ethernet signals over standard 75 ohm cable television (CATV) cable over a 3600 meter range。已经废弃的标准。
6	802.3c	1985	10 Mbit/s (1.25 MB/s) repeater spec