top中的wa的理解

CPU使用率：
参考 mpstat 手册，%usr + %nice + %sys + %iwoait + %irq + %soft + %steal + %guest + %gnice + %idle = 100%

%steal一般是在虚拟机中才能看到数值，比如CPU overcommitment很严重的VPS，而%guest和%nice一般都很低,
所以也可以根据/proc/stat或者top可得，user + nice + system + idle + iowait + irq + softirq + steal = 100

To calculate Linux CPU usage time subtract the idle CPU time from the total CPU time as follows:
Total CPU time since boot = user + nice + system + idle + iowait + irq + softirq + steal
Total CPU Idle time since boot = idle + iowait
Total CPU usage time since boot = (Total CPU time since boot) - (Total CPU Idle time since boot)
Total CPU percentage = (Total CPU usage time since boot)/(Total CPU time since boot X 100)

%iowait：
%iowait 表示在一个采样周期内有百分