matlab调用傅里叶,Fourier transform

fourier

Description

fourier(f) returns the Fourier Transform

of f. By default, the function symvar

determines the independent variable, and w is the transformation

variable.

fourier(f,transVar)

uses the transformation variable transVar instead of

w.

var and the transformation variable

transVar instead of symvar and

w, respectively.

Examples

Fourier Transform of Common Inputs

Compute the Fourier transform of common inputs. By default, the

transform is in terms of w.

FunctionInput and OutputRectangular pulsesyms a b t

f = rectangularPulse(a,b,t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

- (sin(a*w) + cos(a*w)*1i)/w + (sin(b*w) + cos(b*w)*1i)/w

Unit impulse (Dirac delta)f = dirac(t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

1

Absolute valuef = a*abs(t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

-(2*a)/w^2

Step (Heaviside)f = heaviside(t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

pi*dirac(w) - 1i/w

Constantf = a;

f_FT = fourier(a)

f_FT =

pi*dirac(1, w)*2i

Cosinef = a*cos(b*t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

pi*a*(dirac(b + w) + dirac(b - w))

Sinef = a*sin(b*t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

pi*a*(dirac(b + w) - dirac(b - w))*1i

Signf = sign(t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

-2i/w

Trianglesyms c

f = triangularPulse(a,b,c,t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT =

-(a*exp(-b*w*1i) - b*exp(-a*w*1i) - a*exp(-c*w*1i) + ...

c*exp(-a*w*1i) + b*exp(-c*w*1i) - c*exp(-b*w*1i))/ ...

(w^2*(a - b)*(b - c))

Right-sided exponentialAlso calculate transform with condition a > 0.

Clear

assumptions.

f = exp(-t*abs(a))*heaviside(t);

f_FT = fourier(f)

assume(a > 0)

f_FT_condition = fourier(f)

assume(a,'clear')

f_FT =

1/(abs(a) + w*1i) - (sign(abs(a))/2 - 1/2)*fourier(exp(-t*abs(a)),t,w)

f_FT_condition =

1/(a + w*1i)

Double-sided exponentialAssume a > 0. Clear

assumptions.

assume(a > 0)

f = exp(-a*t^2);

f_FT = fourier(f)

assume(a,'clear')

f_FT =

(pi^(1/2)*exp(-w^2/(4*a)))/a^(1/2)

GaussianAssume b and c are real.

Simplify result and clear

assumptions.

assume([b c],'real')

f = a*exp(-(t-b)^2/(2*c^2));

f_FT = fourier(f)

f_FT_simplify = simplify(f_FT)

assume([b c],'clear')

f_FT =

(a*pi^(1/2)*exp(- (c^2*(w + (b*1i)/c^2)^2)/2 - b^2/(2*c^2)))/ ...

(1/(2*c^2))^(1/2)

f_FT_simplify =

2^(1/2)*a*pi^(1/2)*exp(-(w*(w*c^2 + b*2i))/2)*abs(c)

Bessel of first kind with nu = 1Simplify the

result.

syms x

f = besselj(1,x);

f_FT = fourier(f);

f_FT = simplify(f_FT)

f_FT =

(2*w*(heaviside(w - 1)*1i - heaviside(w + 1)*1i))/(1 - w^2)^(1/2)

Specify Independent Variable and Transformation Variable

Compute the Fourier transform of

exp(-t^2-x^2). By default, symvar determines

the independent variable, and w is the transformation variable.

Here, symvar chooses x.

syms t x

f = exp(-t^2-x^2);

fourier(f)

ans =

pi^(1/2)*exp(- t^2 - w^2/4)

Specify the transformation variable as y. If you specify

only one variable, that variable is the transformation variable.

symvar still determines the independent variable.

syms y

fourier(f,y)

ans =

pi^(1/2)*exp(- t^2 - y^2/4)

Specify both the independent and transformation variables as

t and y in the second and third

arguments, respectively.

fourier(f,t,y)

ans =

pi^(1/2)*exp(- x^2 - y^2/4)

Fourier Transforms Involving Dirac and Heaviside Functions

Compute the following Fourier transforms. The results are in

terms of the Dirac and Heaviside functions.

syms t w

fourier(t^3, t, w)

ans =

-pi*dirac(3, w)*2i

syms t0

fourier(heaviside(t - t0),t,w)

ans =

exp(-t0*w*1i)*(pi*dirac(w) - 1i/w)

Specify Fourier Transform Parameters

Specify parameters of the Fourier transform.

Compute the Fourier transform of f using the default values

of the Fourier parameters c = 1, s = -1. For

details, see Fourier Transform.

syms t w

f = t*exp(-t^2);

fourier(f,t,w)

ans =

-(w*pi^(1/2)*exp(-w^2/4)*1i)/2

Change the Fourier parameters to c = 1, s =

1 by using sympref, and compute the transform

again. The result changes.

sympref('FourierParameters',[1 1]);

fourier(f,t,w)

ans =

(w*pi^(1/2)*exp(-w^2/4)*1i)/2

Change the Fourier parameters to c = 1/(2*pi), s =

1. The result changes.

sympref('FourierParameters', [1/(2*sym(pi)), 1]);

fourier(f,t,w)

ans =

(w*exp(-w^2/4)*1i)/(4*pi^(1/2))

Preferences set by sympref persist through your current

and future MATLAB® sessions. Restore the default values of c and

s by setting FourierParameters to

'default'.

sympref('FourierParameters','default');

Fourier Transform of Array Inputs

Find the Fourier transform of the matrix M.

Specify the independent and transformation variables for each matrix entry by using

matrices of the same size. When the arguments are nonscalars,

fourier acts on them element-wise.

syms a b c d w x y z

M = [exp(x) 1; sin(y) i*z];

vars = [w x; y z];

transVars = [a b; c d];

fourier(M,vars,transVars)

ans =

[ 2*pi*exp(x)*dirac(a), 2*pi*dirac(b)]

[ -pi*(dirac(c - 1) - dirac(c + 1))*1i, -2*pi*dirac(1, d)]

If fourier is called with both scalar and nonscalar

arguments, then it expands the scalars to match the nonscalars by using scalar

expansion. Nonscalar arguments must be the same size.

fourier(x,vars,transVars)

ans =

[ 2*pi*x*dirac(a), pi*dirac(1, b)*2i]

[ 2*pi*x*dirac(c), 2*pi*x*dirac(d)]

If Fourier Transform Cannot Be Found

If fourier cannot transform the input then

it returns an unevaluated call.

syms f(t) w

F = fourier(f,t,w)

F =

fourier(f(t), t, w)

Return the original expression by using ifourier.

ifourier(F,w,t)

ans =

f(t)

Input Arguments

f — Input

symbolic expression | symbolic function | symbolic vector | symbolic matrix

Input, specified as a symbolic expression, function, vector, or matrix.

var — Independent variable

x (default) | symbolic variable

Independent variable, specified as a symbolic variable. This variable is often

called the "time variable" or the "space variable." If you do not specify the

variable, then fourier uses the function

symvar to determine the independent variable.

transVar — Transformation variable

w (default) | v | symbolic variable | symbolic expression | symbolic vector | symbolic matrix

Transformation variable, specified as a symbolic variable, expression, vector,

or matrix. This variable is often called the "frequency variable." By default,

fourier uses w. If w

is the independent variable of f, then

fourier uses v.

More About

Fourier Transform

The Fourier transform of the expression f = f(x) with respect to the variable x at the point

w is

F(w)=c∫−∞∞f(x)eiswxdx.

c and s are parameters of the Fourier

transform. The fourier function uses c = 1, s = –1.

Tips

If any argument is an array, then fourier acts element-wise

on all elements of the array.

If the first argument contains a symbolic function, then the second argument must

be a scalar.

To compute the inverse Fourier transform, use

ifourier.

fourier does not transform piecewise.

Instead, try to rewrite piecewise by using the functions

heaviside, rectangularPulse, or

triangularPulse.

References

[1] Oberhettinger F., "Tables of Fourier Transforms and Fourier Transforms of

Distributions." Springer, 1990.

Introduced before R2006a