MySQL C API中的预处理语句

MySQL客户端／服务器协议提供了预处理语句。该功能采用了由mysql_stmt_init()初始化函数返回的MYSQL_STMT语句处理程序数据结构。对于多次执行的语句，预处理执行是一种有效的方式。首先对语句进行解析，为执行作好准备。接下来，在以后使用初始化函数返回的语句句柄执行一次或多次。

对于多次执行的语句，预处理执行比直接执行快，主要原因在于，仅对查询执行一次解析操作。在直接执行的情况下，每次执行语句时，均将进行查询。此外，由于每次执行预处理语句时仅需发送参数的数据，从而减少了网络通信量。

预处理语句的另一个优点是，它采用了二进制协议，从而使得客户端和服务器之间的数据传输更有效率。下述语句可用作预处理语句：CREATE TABLE、DELETE、DO、INSERT、REPLACE、SELECT、SET、UPDATE、以及大多数SHOW语句。

1 MYSQL_BIND    bind[3];
2 memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind));
3 bind[4].buffer_type = MYSQL_TYPE_MEDIUM_BLOB;　　　　//数据类型
4 bind[4].buffer = buf;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　//指向存储数据的内存空间的指针，一般是char型指针
5 bind[4].buffer_length = BUFFERSIZE_HTML;　　　　　　  //内存空间的大小
6 bind[4].is_null = 0;　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 //是否为NULL
7 bind[4].length = &length[4];　　　　　　　　　　　　   //实际数据的长度

我写的一个例子，是在Linux上运行的：

#include <mysql/my_global.h>
#include <mysql.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>

#define STRING_SIZE 50
 
//#define DROP_SAMPLE_TABLE "DROP TABLE IF EXISTS test_table"
#define CREATE_SAMPLE_TABLE "CREATE TABLE test_table(urlMarkNumber SMALLINT,\
                                                 getTime DATETIME,\
                                                 url VARCHAR(100))"
#define INSERT_SAMPLE "INSERT INTO test_table(urlMarkNumber,getTime,url) VALUES(?,?,?)"

#define host      "localhost" //my mysql server
#define username  "root"
#define password  "******"
#define database  "baike_baidu_com_html"


int main(){
     MYSQL *mysql;
     char *urlfile = "urllist.txt";
     FILE *urlfp;
     //off_t size;
     char *pos;
     //printf("%d\n",sizeof(pos));
     char *line = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char)*500);
     pos = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * 800);
     urlfp = fopen(urlfile,"r");
     if(!(mysql = mysql_init(NULL))){
          exit(-1);
     }
     if(mysql_options(mysql,MYSQL_SET_CHARSET_NAME,"utf8") != 0){
          perror("mysql_options!");
          exit(-1);
     }
     if(mysql_real_connect(mysql,host,username,password,database,0,NULL,0) == NULL){
          int ret = mysql_errno(mysql);
          mysql_close(mysql);
          exit(-1);
     }


MYSQL_STMT    *stmt;
MYSQL_BIND    bind[3];
my_ulonglong  affected_rows;
int           param_count;
short         small_data;
int           int_data;
char          str_data[STRING_SIZE];
unsigned long str_length;
MYSQL_TIME    dt;
my_bool       is_null;
 
/*if (mysql_query(mysql, DROP_SAMPLE_TABLE))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " DROP TABLE failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
  exit(0);
}*/
 
if (mysql_query(mysql, CREATE_SAMPLE_TABLE))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " CREATE TABLE failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_error(mysql));
  exit(0);
}
 
/* Prepare an INSERT query with 3 parameters */
/* (the TIMESTAMP column is not named; the server */
/*  sets it to the current date and time) */
stmt = mysql_stmt_init(mysql);
if (!stmt)
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_init(), out of memory\n");
  exit(0);
}
if (mysql_stmt_prepare(stmt, INSERT_SAMPLE, strlen(INSERT_SAMPLE)))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_prepare(), INSERT failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}
fprintf(stdout, " prepare, INSERT successful\n");
 
/* Get the parameter count from the statement */
param_count= mysql_stmt_param_count(stmt);
fprintf(stdout, " total parameters in INSERT: %d\n", param_count);
 
if (param_count != 3) /* validate parameter count */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid parameter count returned by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}
 
/* Bind the data for all 3 parameters */
 
memset(bind, 0, sizeof(bind));
 
/* INTEGER PARAM */
/* This is a number type, so there is no need to specify buffer_length */
bind[0].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_SHORT;
bind[0].buffer= (char *)&small_data;
bind[0].is_null= &is_null;
bind[0].length= 0;
 
/* STRING PARAM */
bind[1].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_DATETIME;
bind[1].buffer= (char *)&dt;
bind[1].is_null= 0;
bind[1].length= 0;
 
/* SMALLINT PARAM */
bind[2].buffer_type= MYSQL_TYPE_VAR_STRING;
bind[2].buffer= (char *)&str_data;
bind[2].is_null= 0;
bind[2].length= &str_length;
 
/* Bind the buffers */
if (mysql_stmt_bind_param(stmt, bind))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_bind_param() failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}
 
/* Specify the data values for the first row */
small_data= 10;             /* integer */
strncpy(str_data, "MySQL", STRING_SIZE); /* string  */
str_length= strlen(str_data);
dt.year = 2013;
dt.month = 4;
dt.day = 10;
dt.hour = 20;
dt.minute = 20;
dt.second = 0; 

/* INSERT SMALLINT data as NULL */
is_null= 1;
 
/* Execute the INSERT statement - 1*/
if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt))
{
  fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute(), 1 failed\n");
  fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
  exit(0);
}
 
/* Get the total number of affected rows */
affected_rows= mysql_stmt_affected_rows(stmt);
fprintf(stdout, " total affected rows(insert 1): %lu\n",
                (unsigned long) affected_rows);
 
if (affected_rows != 1) /* validate affected rows */
{
  fprintf(stderr, " invalid affected rows by MySQL\n");
  exit(0);
}
 
/* Specify data values for second row, then re-execute the statement */
strncpy(str_data, "http://baike.baidu.com", STRING_SIZE);
str_length= strlen(str_data);
small_data= 1000;         /* smallint */
is_null= 0;               /* reset */            /* integer */
    dt.year = 2013;
    dt.month = 4;
    dt.day = 10;
    dt.hour = 20;
    dt.minute = 20;
    dt.second = 0;
 
    /* Execute the INSERT statement - 2*/
    if (mysql_stmt_execute(stmt))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, " mysql_stmt_execute, 2 failed\n");
        fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
        exit(0);
    }
 
    /* Get the total rows affected */
    affected_rows= mysql_stmt_affected_rows(stmt);
    fprintf(stdout, " total affected rows(insert 2): %lu\n"，(unsigned long) affected_rows);
 
    if (affected_rows != 1) /* validate affected rows */
    {
        fprintf(stderr, " invalid affected rows by MySQL\n");
        exit(0);
    }
    printf("line before close\n");
    /* Close the statement */
    if (mysql_stmt_close(stmt))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, " failed while closing the statement\n");
        fprintf(stderr, " %s\n", mysql_stmt_error(stmt));
        exit(0);
    }
    printf("line behind close\n");
    fclose(urlfp);
    printf("line behind fclose\n");
     mysql_close(mysql);

    printf("line behind mysql_close\n");
    //fclose(urlfp);
     exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
     return 0;
}
                                    

 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/linux-database/archive/2013/05/16/3082108.html