一、术语和概念的对比
SQL | MongoDB |
---|---|
database | database |
row | document or BSON document |
column | field |
index | index |
table joins | $lookup , embedded documents |
primary key Specify any unique column or column combination as primary key. | In MongoDB, the primary key is automatically set to the _id field. |
aggregation (e.g. group by) | aggregation pipeline
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二、对库和表的操作语句对比
SQL | MongoDB |
---|---|
CREATE TABLE people (
id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, user_id Varchar(30), age Number, status char(1), PRIMARY KEY (id) )
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db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "abc123", age: 55, status: "A" } )
也可以用一下语句创建collection db.createCollection("people")
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ALTER TABLE people
ADD join_date DATETIME
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db.people.updateMany( { }, { $set: { join_date: new Date() } } )
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ALTER TABLE people
DROP COLUMN join_date
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db.people.updateMany( { }, { $unset: { "join_date": "" } } )
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CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc
ON people(user_id)
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db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1 } )
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CREATE INDEX
idx_user_id_asc_age_desc
ON people(user_id, age DESC)
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db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1, age: -1 } )
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DROP TABLE people
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db.people.drop()
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三、insert语句的对比
SQL INSERT Statements | MongoDB insertOne() Statements |
---|---|
INSERT INTO people(user_id, age, status) VALUES ("bcd001", 45, "A")
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db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "bcd001", age: 45, status: "A" } )
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四、select语句的对比
SQL SELECT Statements | MongoDB find() Statements |
---|---|
SELECT *
FROM people
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db.people.find()
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SELECT id,
user_id,
status FROM people
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db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1 } )
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SELECT user_id, status
FROM people
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db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
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db.people.find( { status: "A" } )
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SELECT user_id, status
FROM people WHERE status = "A"
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db.people.find( { status: "A" }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status != "A"
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db.people.find( { status: { $ne: "A" } } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status = "A" AND age = 50
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db.people.find( { status: "A", age: 50 } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status = "A" OR age = 50
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db.people.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" } , { age: 50 } ] } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE age > 25
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db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25 } } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE age < 25
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db.people.find( { age: { $lt: 25 } } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE age > 25 AND age <= 50
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db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE user_id like "%bc%"
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db.people.find( { user_id: /bc/ } )
-or- db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /bc/ } } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE user_id like "bc%"
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db.people.find( { user_id: /^bc/ } )
-or- db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /^bc/ } } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status = "A" ORDER BY user_id ASC
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db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } )
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SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status = "A" ORDER BY user_id DESC
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db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } )
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SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM people
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db.people.count()
or db.people.find().count()
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SELECT COUNT(user_id)
FROM people
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db.people.count( { user_id: { $exists: true } } )
or db.people.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count()
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SELECT COUNT(*)
FROM people WHERE age > 30
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db.people.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } )
or db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count()
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SELECT DISTINCT(status)
FROM people
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db.people.distinct( "status" )
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SELECT *
FROM people
LIMIT 1
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db.people.findOne()
or db.people.find().limit(1)
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SELECT *
FROM people
LIMIT 5 SKIP 10
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db.people.find().limit(5).skip(10)
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EXPLAIN SELECT *
FROM people
WHERE status = "A"
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db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).explain()
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五、update语句的对比
SQL Update Statements | MongoDB updateMany() Statements |
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UPDATE people
SET status = "C" WHERE age > 25
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db.people.updateMany( { age: { $gt: 25 } }, { $set: { status: "C" } } )
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UPDATE people
SET age = age + 3 WHERE status = "A"
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db.people.updateMany( { status: "A" } , { $inc: { age: 3 } } )
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六、delete语句的对比
SQL Delete Statements | MongoDB deleteMany() Statements |
---|---|
DELETE FROM people
WHERE status = "D"
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db.people.deleteMany( { status: "D" } )
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DELETE FROM people
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db.people.deleteMany({})
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