莫比乌斯反演定理
设
和
是定义在正整数集合上的两个函数,定义如下。
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D32/sign=99a926e712ce36d3a60485323af3f159/960a304e251f95ca13d4488bce177f3e670952ee.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D30/sign=e48e560c4d90f60300b09a473912a54b/11385343fbf2b211fd1f5f73cd8065380cd78ede.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D191/sign=35caf2980d7b020808c93be853d8f25f/d8f9d72a6059252d8fe6c739339b033b5bb5b91e.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D266/sign=5775261a783e6709ba0042f90dc69fb8/e7cd7b899e510fb3ffd7adaade33c895d0430cc5.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D92/sign=320e682f750e0cf3a4f742f90a46ea19/3b292df5e0fe99251e6dac6d33a85edf8db171ae.jpg)
莫比乌斯反演定理证明
充分性证明:
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D191/sign=40ad460d3df33a879a6d0413f75d1018/e61190ef76c6a7ef5b8f6d1bfafaaf51f3de6666.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D242/sign=2531cbfe3d87e9504617f4682238531b/e4dde71190ef76c634de3f169a16fdfaaf5167fb.jpg)
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D125/sign=364c83864010b912bbc1f2fcf6fdfcb5/5bafa40f4bfbfbed5039f2427ff0f736afc31faf.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D320/sign=c0809a6ef1246b607f0eb476dbf91a35/caef76094b36acaf505452c17bd98d1001e99c53.jpg)
考虑到:
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D151/sign=e99efd3e8044ebf86971603ae8f8d736/2fdda3cc7cd98d108317c80c263fb80e7aec90c8.jpg)
因此
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/7Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D187/sign=3dfd95c4d33f8794d7ff4c26e51a0ead/79f0f736afc37931a5edf055ecc4b74542a911c0.jpg)
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D259/sign=5925924cbda1cd1101b675258013c8b0/43a7d933c895d1430cb2925f74f082025baf0781.jpg)
必要性证明:
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D266/sign=d4edf5052f381f309a198aaf9f004c67/0df3d7ca7bcb0a46b8dd4c046c63f6246b60af14.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D307/sign=d53c7066c15c1038207ec8c28510931c/4ec2d5628535e5dddb7dd5a371c6a7efce1b627c.jpg)
考虑到:
![](https://gss3.bdstatic.com/-Po3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D254/sign=d3fb5a7cee24b899da3c7e3d5a071d59/f31fbe096b63f62490a3497f8044ebf81b4ca3d4.jpg)
因此
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/-vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D191/sign=40ad460d3df33a879a6d0413f75d1018/e61190ef76c6a7ef5b8f6d1bfafaaf51f3de6666.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D266/sign=5775261a783e6709ba0042f90dc69fb8/e7cd7b899e510fb3ffd7adaade33c895d0430cc5.jpg)
莫比乌斯函数
定义当
时,
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/94o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D34/sign=a65c99f1a16eddc422e7b2ff38db73fd/58ee3d6d55fbb2fbebbeef06434a20a44623dc09.jpg)
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D57/sign=d0f5de4438a85edffe8cfe2448540d9e/f636afc379310a55dfdd69e0bb4543a98226102c.jpg)
当
(
为不同的质数,且次数都为1),
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D105/sign=89d4c183d533c895a27e9c7be4127397/b21c8701a18b87d6a18f1d0b0b0828381e30fdd1.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D14/sign=26e4d067f7f2b211e02e814acb80c6b1/f9dcd100baa1cd114457c434b512c8fcc2ce2dc4.jpg)
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D87/sign=34f2c812a0af2eddd0f144ee8c10d357/d788d43f8794a4c23fe5513f02f41bd5ac6e39db.jpg)
其余情况
![](https://gss0.bdstatic.com/-4o3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D59/sign=2a7924cbc21b9d168ec79a68f2de3c99/43a7d933c895d143f1f452377ff082025aaf0727.jpg)
注意,
函数也为
积性函数。证明略。
![](https://gss1.bdstatic.com/9vo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D13/sign=70173c2a77ec54e745ec1e1db9382a7e/0824ab18972bd40764d262e977899e510fb30988.jpg)
莫比乌斯反演的性质
性质一(莫比乌斯反演公式):
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/9fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D145/sign=1fa74f3705087bf479ec53edc7d3575e/eaf81a4c510fd9f9d5182515222dd42a2834a4ba.jpg)
性质二:
μ(
n)是
积性函数
性质三:设f是算术函数,它的和函数
是积性函数,那么
f 也是积性函数。
![](https://gss2.bdstatic.com/-fo3dSag_xI4khGkpoWK1HF6hhy/baike/s%3D106/sign=1ec4de7a4734970a4373142fa3cad1c0/5366d0160924ab18213cf76233fae6cd7b890bb8.jpg)