使用python的Tkinter构建应用程序

　　这一节记录的是我在使用python tkinter时的一些笔记。

　　背景：现在需要构建一个简易的聊天工具，说简易是因为确实只需要很简单的几个界面，包括一个登陆界面、一个好友列表和单击好友时弹出好友对话框可以交谈，我们这里只需要创建简单的界面（不包括业务），所以选择用tkinter这个模块来实现。

　　要点一、神马是tkinter？

　　Tkinter模块("Tk 接口")是Python的标准Tk GUI工具包的接口.Tk和Tkinter可以在大多数的Unix平台下使用,同样可以应用在Windows和Macintosh系统里.,Tk8.0的后续版本可以实现本地窗口风格,并良好地运行在绝大多数平台中.（摘自百度百科）想要查看你的Tkinter版本，只需要在python命令行模式下输入print Tkinter.TkVersion即可，笔者的版本是8.5。

　　要点二、安装

　　一般情况下，安装python时，自带安装了Tkinter，并且与python的版本相对应，例如python2.7.3对应的应该是8.5版本，其余的我倒不是很熟悉。但有些预安装的python可能没有带上tkinter，例如我在虚拟机Fedora17上的python并没有自带tkinter，这时候解决办法是使用yum install tkinter命令即可。

　　要点三、登陆框

　　

View Code

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 import Tkinter
 3 from Tkinter import *
 4 from multiprocessing import Process,Pipe
 5 class Login:
 6     def __init__(self,master,con):
 7         self.con = con#pipe connection
 8         self.parent = master#Tk实例，父容器
 9         self.username = ""
10         self.password=""
11         master.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)#绑定关闭按钮到cancel函数
12         self.__layout__(master)
13        
14         pass
15 
16 #布局
17     def __layout__(self,master):
18         master.geometry("320x150+400+100")#窗口大小及坐标
19         master.title("腾Q登陆框")
20 
21         row1 = Frame(master)
22         row1.pack(padx=10,pady=15)
23         Label(row1,width=8,text="用户名：",anchor=W).pack(side=LEFT)
24         self.en_user = Entry(row1)
25         self.en_user.pack(side=LEFT)
26 
27         row2 = Frame(master)
28         row2.pack(padx=10,pady=0)
29         Label(row2,width=8,text="密码：",anchor=W).pack(side=LEFT)
30         self.en_pswd = Entry(row2,show="*")
31         self.en_pswd.pack(side=LEFT)
32         
33         row3 = Frame(master)
34         row3.pack(padx=10,pady=15)
35         Button(row3,text="确定",width=10,command=self.ok).pack(side=LEFT,padx=5)
36         Button(row3,text="取消",width=10,command=self.cancel).pack(side=LEFT,padx=5)
37         pass
38 
39     def ok(self):
40         self.username = self.en_user.get()
41         self.password = self.en_pswd.get()
42         if not self.validate():
43             print "usrname or password error"
44             return
45         self.con.send({"res":True,"data":(self.username,self.password)})
46         self.parent.quit()
47         self.parent.destroy()
48         pass
49 
50     #验证账号密码
51     def validate(self):
52         return True
53     
54     def cancel(self):
55         self.con.send({"res":False,"data":(self.username,self.password)})
56         self.parent.quit()
57         self.parent.destroy()
58         pass

　　效果如图：

　　

　　要点四、好友列表

　　

View Code

 1 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 2 import Tkinter
 3 from Tkinter import *
 4 from multiprocessing import Process,Pipe
 5 from Chat import *
 6 import string
 7 class Main:
 8     def __init__(self,master,con=""):
 9         self.con = con # ends of a pipe
10         self.parent = master
11         self.__loadmyself__()
12         self.__layout__(master)
13 
14     #在这里导入个人资料，至少包含name属性
15     def __loadmyself__(self):
16         self.me = {"name":u"沉鱼落雁"}
17         pass
18     
19     def __layout__(self,master):
20         master.geometry("320x720+400+0")
21         master.title("腾Q")
22 
23         f_message = Frame(master)
24         f_message.pack(fill=X)
25 
26         Label(f_message,text=self.me['name']+"(online)").grid(row=0,sticky=W,pady=10,padx=5)
27         Label(f_message,text="好友列表：").grid(row=1,sticky=W)
28 
29         
30         f_friendlist = Frame(master)
31         f_friendlist.pack(fill=BOTH)
32 #带滚动条
33         scrollbar = Scrollbar(f_friendlist, orient=VERTICAL)
34         
35         self.listbox = Listbox(f_friendlist,yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set,height=700)
36         scrollbar.config(command=self.listbox.yview)
37         scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
38         self.listbox.bind("<Double-Button-1>",self.show)
39         self.refreshfriends()
40         self.listbox.pack(fill=BOTH,expand=1)
41         pass
42     
43     #在这里导入好友列表
44     def loadfriends(self):
45         #reading friends list from server
46         #for example:(needs to be modified)
47         self.friendlist = [{"ID":0,"name":u"xxx","state":"on"},{"ID":1,"name":u"范德萨","state":"off"}]
48         
49         fl = self.friendlist
50         for obj in fl:
51             self.listbox.insert(END,"%s(%s)"% (obj["name"],obj["state"]))
52         for i in range(2,50):
53             obj = {"ID":i,"name":u"王老吉%d"%i,"state":"on"}
54             self.friendlist.append(obj)
55             self.listbox.insert(END,"%s(%s)"% (obj["name"],obj["state"]))
56         pass
57 
58     #更新好友列表，通常是周期性更新好友状态
59     def refreshfriends(self):
60         self.listbox.delete(0,END)
61         self.loadfriends()
62         pass
63     
64 #开启对话框
65     def show(self,event):
66         lb = self.listbox;
67         ss = lb.curselection()
68         if len(ss) == 1:            
69             #print lb.curselection(),lb.get(lb.curselection())
70             index = string.atoi(ss[0])
71             if index >= len(self.friendlist) :
72                 print "error",index,len(self.friendlist)
73             else:                
74                 obj = self.friendlist[index]
75                 if  not obj.has_key("open"):
76                     self.__openchat__(obj)
77                 else:
78                     if not obj["open"] == "yes":
79                         self.__openchat__(obj)
80                     else:
81                         print obj['ID']," alreay open"
82             #print self.friendlist[ss[0]]
83         pass
84 
85     def __openchat__(self,obj):
86         obj["open"] = "yes"
87         chat = Chat(self.parent,"",obj,self.me)
88         pass
89     
90 if __name__ == "__main__":
91     root = Tk()
92     main = Main(root)
93     root.mainloop()

　　效果如图：

　　

　　要点五、对话框基类

　　

View Code

 1 # coding=UTF-8
 2 # File: myDialog.py
 3 
 4 from Tkinter import *
 5 import os
 6 
 7 class Dialog(Toplevel):
 8 
 9     def __init__(self, parent, title = None):
10 
11         Toplevel.__init__(self, parent)
12         self.transient(parent)
13 
14         if title:
15             self.title(title)
16 
17         self.parent = parent
18 
19         self.result = None
20         
21         
22         body = Frame(self)
23         self.initial_focus = self.body(body)
24         body.pack(padx=5, pady=5,fill=X)
25 
26         self.buttonbox()
27 
28         #self.grab_set()
29 
30         if not self.initial_focus:
31             self.initial_focus = self
32 
33         self.protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self.cancel)
34 
35         self.geometry("+%d+%d" % (parent.winfo_rootx()+50,
36                                   parent.winfo_rooty()+50))
37 
38         self.initial_focus.focus_set()
39 
40         self.wait_window(self)
41 
42     #
43     # construction hooks
44 
45     def body(self, master):
46         # create dialog body.  return widget that should have
47         # initial focus.  this method should be overridden
48 
49         pass
50 
51     def buttonbox(self):
52         # add standard button box. override if you don't want the
53         # standard buttons
54         
55         box = Frame(self)
56 
57         self.btn_ok = Button(box, text="确定", width=10, command=self.ok)
58         self.btn_ok .pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
59         self.btn_cancel  = Button(box, text="取消", width=10, command=self.cancel)
60         self.btn_cancel .pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
61 
62         #self.bind("<Return>", self.ok)
63         #self.bind("<Escape>", self.cancel)
64 
65         box.pack(anchor=E)
66 
67     #
68     # standard button semantics
69 
70     def ok(self, event=None):
71 
72         if not self.validate():
73             self.initial_focus.focus_set() # put focus back
74             return
75 
76         self.withdraw()
77         self.update_idletasks()
78 
79         self.apply()
80 
81         self.cancel()
82 
83     def cancel(self, event=None):
84         # put focus back to the parent window
85         self.parent.focus_set()
86         self.destroy()
87 
88     #
89     # command hooks
90 
91     def validate(self):
92 
93         return 1 # override
94 
95     def apply(self):
96 
97         pass # override

　　要点六、对话框

　　

View Code

 1 # coding=UTF-8
 2 import Tkinter
 3 from Tkinter import *
 4 from myDialog import *
 5 from datetime import *
 6 
 7 class Chat(Dialog):
 8     def __init__(self,master,title,obj,me):
 9         self.obj = obj
10         self.me = me
11         t = u"与 "+obj['name']+u" 聊天中"
12         Dialog.__init__(self,master,t)
13     
14     def apply(self):
15         dt= datetime.now()
16         timestr = u'%s于%s说： \n' % (self.me['name'],dt.strftime('%c'))
17         msg = self.input.get(1.0,END)
18         if msg.strip() == "":
19             return False
20         self.insertmessage(timestr+msg)
21         self.input.delete(1.0,END)
22         
23         self.text.yview(MOVETO, 1.0)
24         pass
25     
26     def body(self,master):
27         self.geometry("680x480")
28         self.resizable(False,False)
29 
30         frame = Frame(master)
31         Label(frame,text="聊天记录：").pack(padx=5,pady=5)
32         frame.grid(row=0,sticky=W)
33         
34         frame = Frame(master)
35         frame.grid(row=1)
36         self.text_scrollbar = Scrollbar(frame, orient=VERTICAL)
37         self.text = Text(frame,yscrollcommand= self.text_scrollbar.set,height=14,bg="white")
38         self.text_scrollbar.config(command=self.text.yview)
39         self.text_scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
40         self.text.bind("<KeyPress>", lambda e : "break")
41         self.text.pack()
42 
43         frame = Frame(master)
44         Label(frame,text="输入聊天信息：").pack(padx=5,pady=5)
45         frame.grid(row=2,sticky=W)
46         
47         
48         frame = Frame(master)
49         frame.grid(row=3)
50         scrollbar = Scrollbar(frame, orient=VERTICAL)
51         self.input = Text(frame,yscrollcommand=scrollbar.set,height=8,bg="white")
52         scrollbar.config(command=self.input.yview)
53         scrollbar.pack(side=RIGHT,fill=Y)
54         self.input.pack(fill=Y)
55         
56     
57     #插入聊天信息（显示在聊天框）
58     def insertmessage(self,msg):
59         self.text.insert(END,msg+"\n")
60         pass
61 
62     #设置对话框标题
63     def setTitle(self,title):
64         self.title(title)
65         pass
66 
67     def ok(self,event=None):
68         self.apply()
69         pass
70     
71     def cancel(self,event=None):
72         self.obj["open"] = "no"
73         print "set open %s to no"%self.obj['name']
74         Dialog.cancel(self,event)
75 
76 if __name__ == "__main__":
77     print "开放的"

　　效果如图：

　　

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/snuby/archive/2013/04/01/2993240.html